起重机的安全使用.docx

1、起重机的安全使用 HSE DOCUMENT健康、安全和环保文件Shanghai SECCO Petrochemicals Company Limited上海赛科石油化工有限公司Integrated Project Management Team一体化项目管理组Caojing, Shanghai, P R China中国，上海，漕泾Document Title文件名Safe Use of Cranes起重机的安全使用PR-00-SIJ-SE-0016A01For modification after approvalMYQ09/06/03Musttafa10/06/03MJT12/06/03Ja

2、ck张志良19/06/03A00Approved 审批P02For Review 供审核MJT01/07/02P01For IPMT Review 供IPMT审核12/04/02LYB01/05/02P00For Review 供审核P.G19/03/02LYB12/04/02Issue RevIssue or Revision DescriptionOrigin byDateCheck byDateApprovebyDateApprove byDateThis Document is Owned by本文件持有人Michael TousignantIPMT AuthorityIPMT授权批准

3、INDEX1 SCOPE AND GENERAL范围和综述2 PLANNING计划3 SELECTION OF CRANES起重机的选择4 PLACEMENT/LOCATION布置/定位5 PERSONNEL人员6 ERECTION AND DISMANTLING安装和拆除7 OPERATION操作8 MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION AND REPAIR维护、检查和修理9 ROPES, HOOKS吊索和吊钩10 ATTACHMENTS 附件Attachment A - Crane Inspection checklist附件A 起重机检查清单Attachment B - Cra

4、ne Operator Daily Checklist 附件 B 起重机驾驶员日检查单1 SCOPE AND GENERAL范围和综述1.1 SCOPE This Standard specifies the general requirements for cranes, hoists and winches.范围 - 本标准规定了吊车、绞车和卷扬机的总体要求。NOTE: Where this Standard uses the word crane it shall be taken to mean hoist or winch as applicable.注：本标准中所使用的“吊车”这个

5、词也适用于绞车和卷扬机。1.2 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this safety practice.定义 - 仅适用于本安全规定1.2.1 Competent person a person who by reasons of qualifications and experience has the knowledge and skill necessary to perform the duties with respect to which the expression is used. All of these people will possess

6、 the required certification of special trade as issued by local authority.合格的人员 - 一个有资质和经验，对执行所描述的工作有知识和技能的人。所有的这些人员具有当地官方颁发的特殊工种证。1.2.2 Management persons responsible for the direction of all activities associated with the operation of a crane.管理 人员 - 对与操作吊车有关的所有工作负责人1.2.3 Managements instructions

7、shall include the manufacturers latest instructions, recommendations and specifications. Where any of these instructions, recommendations and specifications are not available from the manufacturer, they shall be drawn-up by a competent person.管理指令 - 应包括制造商最新的指令、建议和说明书。在没有制造商的指令、建议和说明书时，合格的人员将制订这些相关文

8、件。1.2.4 Shall indicates that a statement is mandatory.必须 - 是指必须执行的一个声明。1.2.5 Should indicates a recommendation.应该 - 是指一个建议。2 PLANNING计划MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED At appropriate stages during planning, the following matters shall be considered, where applicable:要考虑的事宜 - 在制订施工计划时要考虑下列事宜：(a) Establishmen

9、t of a management plan.建立管理计划(b) Selection of cranes (see Section 3).选择吊车（见第3节）(c) Obtaining authorizations.获得授权(d) Requirements of regulatory authorities.法规当局的要求(e) Site access and crane sitting.现场进入和吊车站位(f) Protection and safety of public.公众的保护和安全(g) Proximity of power lines and other services.电源线

10、和其它设施附近(h) Procedures for the setting up and dismantling of the crane and the method of lift.吊车安装和拆除的程序和起吊方法(i) Make up of the crane crew, which may include 吊车班组人员的组成，可以包括 - Erection crew; 安装人员- Crane operator; 吊车操作员 - Signaller; 指挥员 - Lifting supervisor; 吊装监督员 - Riggers; 起重工 - Power line observers;

11、 and 电源线观察员，和 - Persons under training or instruction. 接受培训或指令的人员 (j) Communication system.通讯系统(k) Weather conditions.气候条件(l) Ground conditions.地面条件(m) Proximity of excavations.坑体附近(n) Selection of lifting gear.起吊传动装置的选择(o) Personal safety equipment.个人安全设备(p) Emergency procedures.应急程序(q) Inspection,

12、 maintenance, and repair.检查、维护和修理(r) Lightning protection.闪电保护(s) The documentation of work procedures where the lifting operation is not of a routine type, e.g. multiple crane lifting.非常规吊装作业的工作程序文件， 如多台吊机吊装(t) Consultation and coordination with other groups working in the area.与该区域内其他作业班组的磋商和协调(u)

13、 Night operations.夜间作业3 SELECTION OF CRANES起重机的选择GENERAL Before selecting a crane for a particular operation, the following information shall be ascertained:综述 - 在为特定作业选择吊车前，必须明确下列信息：(a) The mass of the load to be lifted.起吊负荷重量(b) The nature of the load to be lifted.起吊负荷原始状态(c) The speed and frequen

14、cy of operation.操作速度和频率(d) The maximum load that will be imposed on the crane.作用在吊机上的最大负荷(e) The nature of the rigging or slinging to be used.所使用吊索具的种类(f) The position from which the load is to be lifted.起吊负荷吊起的位置(g) The position to which the load is to be placed.负荷放下的位置(h) The movement limitations

15、of the crane and the load.吊车和负荷的移动限制(i) Other limitations of the crane.对吊车的其它限制(j) Where multiple crane lifting is involved 使用多个吊车起吊的地方 - how the load is to be proportioned;负荷如何被分摊- how the load proportioning is to be maintained;如何维持分摊的负荷- whether the cranes have the appropriate additional capacity

16、over the proportioned load to be lifted; a超过了分摊负荷，吊车是否有合适的额外能力- the operating characteristics of the crane, e.g. speed of hoisting.吊车的操作特性，例如卷扬速度(k) The environmental factors.环境因数The danger of instability due to loss of inflation of a tyre should be considered. For example, foam-filled tyres should

17、be used for rough terrain.应该考虑轮胎泄气所造成的不稳定性危险。例如，对粗糙地形，应使用发泡材料填充的轮胎。4 PLACEMENT/LOCATION放置和定位4.1 GENERAL Where applicable, particular attention shall be give to the following factors:综述 - 在适用时，必须特别注意下列因数：(a) Crane standing (see Clause 4.2).吊车稳定支撑（见4.2条）(b) Proximity hazards and visibility (see Clause

18、 4.3).附近危害物和可见度（见4.3条）(c) Environmental factors, e.g. noise and noxious fumes (see clause 4.4).环境因数，例如，噪音和有害烟雾（见4.4条）(d) Clearances (see Clause 4.5).安全距离（见4.5条）4.2 CRANE STANDING吊车稳定支撑4.2.1 General The analysis of the forces imposed by a crane on the crane standing is a vitally important factor. The

19、 crane standing shall conform to the crane manufactures recommendations and shall be of sufficient strength to withstand both the in-service conditions and the out-of-service conditions.综述 - 对吊车施加在吊车支撑上的受力分析是至关重要的因数。吊车支撑必须与吊车制造商的建议相符合，必须有足够的强度来支撑在工作时的条件和不在工作时的条件。Where a crane is to be supported on,

20、or tied to, a permanent or temporary structure, the design of the structure shall be checked to confirm that it is capable of withstanding the forces likely to be imposed by the crane. In the assessment of the surface-bearing capacity, seasonal variations shall be considered.在吊车支撑或枕在永久或临时结构上的地方、结构的设

21、计必须被检查，以确认它能够承受由吊车施加的力。在评估表面承载能力时，必须考虑季节变化因数。NOTE: Guidance on outrigger safe-bearing capacity on soils should be provided by the competent person.注： 合格的人员提供土壤对支腿安全承载能力的指示。4.2.2 Wind force The wind forces on cranes may have a considerable influence on the stability and strength requirements of the s

22、upports and foundations. Therefore, care is necessary in the installation of holding-down devices, rail clamps, temporary connections and anchorages.Where there is a likelihood of the maximum wind speed specified by the manufacturer being exceeded, the managements operating instructions shall includ

23、e positive directions to ensure that the crane is stowed in a safe position, and not operated during the period when the wind speed exceeds the manufacturers specifications.风力 -必须考虑吊车上风载荷对支腿和基础的稳定性和强度要求的的影响。因此，在安装把持装置、道轨夹、临时连接和锚固时必须注意这点。在风力可能会超过制造商规定的最大速度时，制造商的操作指南必须有明确的说明，以保证吊车被置于一个安全的位置，在风速超过制造商规定

24、期间，不要操作吊车。4.2.3 In-service conditions During in-service conditions, the loads imposed on the crane standing are usually due to the combined effects of the following:在作业时的条件 - 在作业期间，施加在吊车支撑上的负荷通常是由于下列综合因数给出的：(a) Mass of the crane including the counterweight.包括配重的吊车重量(b) Mass of the load and attachmen

25、ts.负荷和附件的重量(c) Dynamic forces caused by the crane and load movements during operation.操作期间由于吊车和负荷移动所造成的动态力(d) Wind forces, resulting from operation in wind speed up to the maximum permitted for in-service conditions, acting in any direction on the crane and load.在风速达到工作条件下最大许可值时作业，从任何方向作用于吊车和载荷上的风载荷

26、。4.2.4 Out-of-service conditions When the crane is in an out-of-service condition, the loads expected to be imposed on the crane standing are usually due to the combined effects of the following:不在作业时的条件 - 当吊车不在工作状态下时，施加在吊车支撑上的负荷通常是由于下列综合因数给出的：(a) Mass of the crane including the counterweight.包括配重的吊

27、车重量(b) Wind forces, acting in any direction on the crane, due to the maximum wind speeds expected on the particular site.在特定现场预计的最大风速，从任何方向作用于吊车上的风载荷。4.2.5 Underground services Where a check reveals the existence of underground services, adequate precautions shall be taken to ensure the stability of

28、 the crane and to prevent damage to the underground services.地下设施 - 当检查到有地下设施时，必须采取足够的预防措施，保证吊车的稳定性并防止地下设施损坏。4.2.6 Stability on crane standing Where a crane is required to work in the vicinity of an excavation or an embankment, particular care and appropriate precautions shall be taken. The mass of

29、the crane and the load may affect the excavation or the embankment, and a slip may occur causing the crane to tip.吊车支撑的稳定性 - 当吊车需要在挖掘体或堤坝附近工作时，要特别当心，并采取适当的预防措施。吊车和负荷重量会影响挖掘体或堤坝和因吊车倾倒而造成塌方。4.2.7 Uphill / downhill travel If cranes are to travel uphill or downhill, the following methods must be adopted

30、:上坡/下坡行走 - 如果吊车要上坡或下坡，要采取下列方法：(a) Ensure the crane manufacturers specifications are strictly adhered to regarding gradients.保证严格遵守制造商关于吊车倾斜度的规定。(b) Lifting supervisor must be used and are to be on the uphill side of the crane and in full view of the crane driver at all times.必须使用吊装监督员并应位于吊车的上坡侧，始终在吊车驾驶员的视线内。(c) Before commencing all personnel in the radius zone are to be moved clear.在开始前，撤走工作半径内的所有人员。4.3 PROXIMITY HAZARDS AND VISIBILITY附近的危害物和能见度4.3.1 Proximity hazards Consideration shall be given to the presence