届高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时13阅读理解体裁解读4.docx

1、届高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时13阅读理解体裁解读4课时13阅读理解体裁解读(4)科普小品文【体裁解读】科学技术是人类进步发展的重要动力，阅读科学技术文献有助于我们学习了解把握科技知识信息，学会展开科技活动。科技篇章的语言通常都是比较正式，偶尔会有写给青少年的科普作品，会用比较轻快简洁浅显生动的语言。在科技篇章中，由于科学的严谨性，语句通常都比较严谨，表述直接明确，与其他类型篇章相比，被动语态、非谓语动词形式、形式主语结构使用相对较多，动词时态变化、比喻夸张等修辞形式使用相对较少，有时会有很多专业词语和语句形式，有些常用词可能用于表达专业意义。科技篇章结构比较清楚

2、，层次分明，语句段落逻辑关联强而且明确，限定性修饰比较多。对科技篇章，同学们首先应该理解篇章的语词、语句，有些语词，特别是一些科技专业术语，可能涉及我们对篇章的关键内容的理解。科技篇章中的词语、语句理解是科技篇章理解的重要因素，有时甚至是关键因素。科技篇章的推论理解要素大多不太直接，同学们可以从科技篇章中推论出：作者对科学精神和科学技术的作用功能的肯定赞同(偶尔会有反科学的所谓科技文章，但很少，考生几乎不可能在阅读英语材料时阅读到)，作者对某一/某些科学观点/科学方法的肯定赞同支持，作者对科学家的肯定支持，作者对科学实验结论/结果的肯定支持等。体裁演练California Condors Sh

3、ocking RecoveryCalifornia condorCalifornia condors are North Americas largest birds, with winglength of up to 3 meters.In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning (铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In t

4、he late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred (繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off.“As they go i

5、n to rest for the night, they just dont see the power lines，” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo.Their wings can bridge the gap between lines，resulting in electrocution (电死) if they touch two lines at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea.Tall poles, placed in large training areas, t

6、each the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock.Before the training was introduced, 66% of setfree birds died of electrocution.This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with.When condors eat dead bodies of other

7、 animals containing lead，they absorb large quantities of lead.This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney (肾) failure and death.So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that

8、removes lead from the blood over several days.This work is starting to pay off.The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideouts team thinks that the California condors average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years.“Although these measure

9、s are not effective forever, they are vital for now，” he says.“They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”1California condors attract researchers interest because they _.Aare active at nightBhad to be bred in the wildCare found only in CaliforniaDalmost died o

10、ut in the 1980s2Researchers have found electrical lines are _.Ablocking condors journey homeBbig killers of California condorsCrest places for condors at nightDused to keep condors away3According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning _.Amakes condors too nervous to flyBhas little effect on condors kidneysC

11、can hardly be gotten rid of from condors bloodDmakes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds4This passage shows that _.Athe average survival time of condors is satisfactoryBRideouts research interest lies in electric engineeringCthe efforts to protect condors have brought good resultsDresearc

12、hers have found the final answers to the problem【能力提升】 ABack in 1969, it was the Apollo 11 crew who flew to the moon in a spaceship.When US.astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin stepped foot on the moon, they were the first.Meanwhile, their fellow astronaut Michael Collins circled the moon in th

13、eir spaceship, named Columbia.When Armstrong and Aldrin were done with their walk，they returned to the command module, and back to Earth.That part of the spaceship is on view at the Smithsonians National Air and Space Museum in Washington，D.C.But, if you cannot get to Washington, soon you will be ab

14、le to see Columbia on your computer or your smartphone.Digital scientists are scanning the inside of Columbia. They are creating an online model, in three dimensions, or“3D”. By looking at these photographs, you will be able to see outer space, the way the astronauts did. It will be like sitting in

15、their seats.Want your very own Columbia？You will be able to print a 3D copy of Columbia.Experts say anyone can make a lifesized model.But they expect most people to make smaller models of the 320400 cm(11*13*)command module.Scientists are using special 3D technology to scan the inside.They use camer

16、as on long arms to take the photographs.The thousands of photographs taken will be combined with 50 laser scans.What would it be like to sit inside Columbia and take a look around？All the images will be loaded into software that allows you to look around the module on a computer screen.The user will

17、 be able to see the Columbia both inside and out.The Smithsonian says that the 3D technology gives the user ways to see things they cannot see at the museum.And it will give information that even the museum curators(馆长)have not seen before.“With the command Module, no one has been inside since it ca

18、me into the collection，” says Adam Metallo, Smithsonian 3D imaging specialist. “Now the information we capture can give anyone in the world a view of what it looks like inside this incredible piece of history.”1The author mentions moon landing of the Apollo 11 to _.Aintroduce the topicBhonour the as

19、tronautsCmark the milestone eventDdraw attention to space research2According to the text, people _.Aare advised to make a lifesized modelBcan clone a Columbia with 3D technologyCwill visit a copy of Columbia in the museumDcan buy a copied Columbia in the museum3Whats the advantage of a copied Columb

20、ia?AIt can attract more visitors.BIt can help look far into the universe.CIt makes 3D technology more popular.DIt provides more knowledge than the museum. 4What might be the best title for the text?AColumbia lands in your smartphoneB3D technology, the new way to explore spaceCLanding on the moon, a

21、milestone in space travelDAn online model shows you how to land on the moonBDan Bebber is a senior research fellow at the University of Exeter in Britain. He says research has shown that wild plants and animals are moving toward Earths North and South poles as the planet warms.Mr. Bebber wanted to k

22、now if the same thing was happening with organisms (微生物) that attack agricultural crops. He examined reports of first sightings of new insects and diseases around the world. The records came from CABI the Centre for Agricultural Bioscience International. He says the group began collecting informatio

23、n from developing and industrialized countries years ago.Dan Bebber and his research team studied 612 different organisms from viruses and bacteria to insects like beetles and butterflies. They found that since 1960, crop pests and diseases have been moving toward the poles at an average rate of abo

24、ut 3 kilometers each year. Mr Bebber says this puts the most productive farmland in the world in danger.“As new species of pests and diseases evolve and potentially the environment for them becomes more amenable at higher altitudes, the pressure on the breadbasket of the world is going to increase.”

25、Farmers face other threats. Invasive species passed through trade are also causing problems. Gene Kritsky is an entomologist at the College of Mount St. Joseph in Ohio. He specialises in the study of insects. He says climate change may improve conditions for some invasive species.“It means that spec

26、ies in other parts of the world that might do well in warmer temperatures can now do well in the breadbasket of America.”Another entomologist Christian Krupke of Purdue University says the effects of these changes will depend very much on the crop, the insect and the disease. But he says the researc

27、h is a warning sign that people should care about climate change and do something about it.5The purpose of Dan Bebbers research was to find _.Aif farmland could be moved to colder places thanks to global warmingBif diseases and insects harmful to crops were going towards colder areasCif organisms we

28、re moving to the north and south polesDif the number of crop pests was increasing6According to Dan Bebber, if crop pests keep moving towards the poles, _.Ait will be hard for farmers to kill themBthe most productive farmland will produce more cropsCthe earth will not produce enough food to support t

29、he worldDthe conditions for some crops may be improved7Which of the following is not a threat that farmers have to face?AClimate change makes crop pests to adapt to a new environment.BForeign species are brought in by trade.CInvasive species doing well in warmer places might do well in America.DThe

30、impacts of the climate and species changes on crops are not easy to determine.CWolves are in the news these days, especially with the controversial Alaskan_Wolf_Hunting_Festival being a focus of public attention. Since these animals are getting more attention in the outer world, they may be more lik

31、ely to show up in your_inner_world and may take on many forms and have many meanings.Wolves live in a pack(狼群)and they have a leader, a guide who is responsible for directing the pack and keeping it safe. If a wolf appears in your dream and you have a positive relationship with the wolf, it may sugg

32、est your own leadership abilities. Wolves in dreams may also mean the need for trusting your own internal leaderthe soft howl from the bottom of your own heart.While wolves certainly do howl, it is till unknown why they howl at the moon. The wolfs howl is actually a form of communication. Wolves may howl as a form of making friends, or as a warning, or to indicate that they are