届高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时13阅读理解体裁解读4.docx

届高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时13阅读理解体裁解读4.docx

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届高考英语二轮复习闯关导练第二部分阅读理解技巧与体裁演练课时13阅读理解体裁解读4

课时13　阅读理解体裁解读（4）

—科普小品文【体裁解读】

科学技术是人类进步发展的重要动力，阅读科学技术文献有助于我们学习了解把握科技知识信息，学会展开科技活动。

科技篇章的语言通常都是比较正式，偶尔会有写给青少年的科普作品，会用比较轻快简洁浅显生动的语言。

在科技篇章中，由于科学的严谨性，语句通常都比较严谨，表述直接明确，与其他类型篇章相比，被动语态、非谓语动词形式、形式主语结构使用相对较多，动词时态变化、比喻夸张等修辞形式使用相对较少，有时会有很多专业词语和语句形式，有些常用词可能用于表达专业意义。

科技篇章结构比较清楚，层次分明，语句段落逻辑关联强而且明确，限定性修饰比较多。

对科技篇章，同学们首先应该理解篇章的语词、语句，有些语词，特别是一些科技专业术语，可能涉及我们对篇章的关键内容的理解。

科技篇章中的词语、语句理解是科技篇章理解的重要因素，有时甚至是关键因素。

科技篇章的推论理解要素大多不太直接，同学们可以从科技篇章中推论出：

作者对科学精神和科学技术的作用功能的肯定赞同（偶尔会有反科学的所谓科技文章，但很少，考生几乎不可能在阅读英语材料时阅读到），作者对某一/某些科学观点/科学方法的肯定赞同支持，作者对科学家的肯定支持，作者对科学实验结论/结果的肯定支持等。

体裁演练

CaliforniaCondor'sShockingRecovery

Californiacondor

CaliforniacondorsareNorthAmerica'slargestbirds,withwinglengthofupto3meters.Inthe1980s,electricallinesandleadpoisoning（铅中毒）nearlydrovethemtodyingout.Now,electricshocktrainingandmedicaltreatmentarehelpingtorescuethesebigbirds.

Inthelate1980s,thelastfewcondorsweretakenfromthewildtobebred（繁殖）.Since1992,therehavebeenmultiplereintroductionstothewild,andtherearenowmorethan150flyingoverCaliforniaandnearbyArizona,UtahandBajainMexico.

Electricallineshavebeenkillingthemoff.“Astheygointorestforthenight,theyjustdon'tseethepowerlines，”saysBruceRideoutofSanDiegoZoo.Theirwingscanbridgethegapbetweenlines，resultinginelectrocution（电死）iftheytouchtwolinesatonce.

Soscientistshavecomeupwithashockingidea.Tallpoles,placedinlargetrainingareas,teachthebirdstostayclearofelectricallinesbygivingthemapainfulbutundeadlyelectricshock.Beforethetrainingwasintroduced,66%ofsetfreebirdsdiedofelectrocution.Thishasnowdroppedto18%.

Leadpoisoninghasprovedmoredifficulttodealwith.Whencondorseatdeadbodiesofotheranimalscontaininglead，theyabsorblargequantitiesoflead.Thisaffectstheirnervoussystemsandabilitytoproducebabybirds,andcanleadtokidney（肾）failureanddeath.SocondorswithhighlevelsofleadaresenttoLosAngelesZoo,wheretheyaretreatedwithcalciumEDTA,achemicalthatremovesleadfromthebloodoverseveraldays.Thisworkisstartingtopayoff.Theannualdeathrateforadultcondorshasdroppedfrom38%in2000to5.4%in2011.

Rideout'steamthinksthattheCaliforniacondors'averagesurvivaltimeinthewildisnowjustundereightyears.“Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,theyarevitalfornow，”hesays.“Theyaretrulygoodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputintorecoveringthem.”

1．Californiacondorsattractresearchers'interestbecausethey________.

A．areactiveatnight

B．hadtobebredinthewild

C．arefoundonlyinCalifornia

D．almostdiedoutinthe1980s

2．Researchershavefoundelectricallinesare________.

A．blockingcondors'journeyhome

B．bigkillersofCaliforniacondors

C．restplacesforcondorsatnight

D．usedtokeepcondorsaway

3．AccordingtoParagraph5,leadpoisoning________.

A．makescondorstoonervoustofly

B．haslittleeffectoncondors'kidneys

C．canhardlybegottenridoffromcondors'blood

D．makesitdifficultforcondorstoproducebabybirds

4．Thispassageshowsthat________.

A．theaveragesurvivaltimeofcondorsissatisfactory

B．Rideout'sresearchinterestliesinelectricengineering

C．theeffortstoprotectcondorshavebroughtgoodresults

D．researchershavefoundthefinalanswerstotheproblem

【能力提升】

A

Backin1969,itwastheApollo11crewwhoflewtothemooninaspaceship.WhenU．S.astronautsNeilArmstrongandBuzzAldrinsteppedfootonthemoon,theywerethefirst.Meanwhile,theirfellowastronautMichaelCollinscircledthemoonintheirspaceship,namedColumbia.

WhenArmstrongandAldrinweredonewiththeirwalk，theyreturnedtothecommandmodule,andbacktoEarth.ThatpartofthespaceshipisonviewattheSmithsonian'sNationalAirandSpaceMuseuminWashington，D.C.But,ifyoucannotgettoWashington,soonyouwillbeabletoseeColumbiaonyourcomputeroryoursmartphone.

DigitalscientistsarescanningtheinsideofColumbia.Theyarecreatinganonlinemodel,inthreedimensions,or“3D”.Bylookingatthesephotographs,youwillbeabletoseeouterspace,thewaytheastronautsdid.Itwillbelikesittingintheirseats.

WantyourveryownColumbia？

Youwillbeabletoprinta3DcopyofColumbia.Expertssayanyonecanmakealifesizedmodel.Buttheyexpectmostpeopletomakesmallermodelsofthe320×400cm（11*×13*）commandmodule.

Scientistsareusingspecial3Dtechnologytoscantheinside.Theyusecamerasonlongarmstotakethephotographs.Thethousandsofphotographstakenwillbecombinedwith50laserscans.

WhatwoulditbeliketositinsideColumbiaandtakealookaround？

Alltheimageswillbeloadedintosoftwarethatallowsyoutolookaroundthemoduleonacomputerscreen.TheuserwillbeabletoseetheColumbiabothinsideandout.TheSmithsoniansaysthatthe3Dtechnologygivestheuserwaystoseethingstheycannotseeatthemuseum.Anditwillgiveinformationthateventhemuseumcurators（馆长）havenotseenbefore.

“WiththecommandModule,noonehasbeeninsidesinceitcameintothecollection，”saysAdamMetallo,Smithsonian3Dimagingspecialist.“Nowtheinformationwecapturecangiveanyoneintheworldaviewofwhatitlookslikeinsidethisincrediblepieceofhistory.”

1．TheauthormentionsmoonlandingoftheApollo11to________.

A．introducethetopic

B．honourtheastronauts

C．markthemilestoneevent

D．drawattentiontospaceresearch

2．Accordingtothetext,people________.

A．areadvisedtomakealifesizedmodel

B．cancloneaColumbiawith3Dtechnology

C．willvisitacopyofColumbiainthemuseum

D．canbuyacopiedColumbiainthemuseum

3．What'stheadvantageofacopiedColumbia?

A．Itcanattractmorevisitors.

B．Itcanhelplookfarintotheuniverse.

C．Itmakes3Dtechnologymorepopular.

D．Itprovidesmoreknowledgethanthemuseum.

4．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．Columbialandsinyoursmartphone

B．3Dtechnology,thenewwaytoexplorespace

C．Landingonthemoon,amilestoneinspacetravel

D．Anonlinemodelshowsyouhowtolandonthemoon

B

DanBebberisaseniorresearchfellowattheUniversityofExeterinBritain.HesaysresearchhasshownthatwildplantsandanimalsaremovingtowardEarth’sNorthandSouthpolesastheplanetwarms.

Mr.Bebberwantedtoknowifthesamethingwashappeningwithorganisms（微生物）thatattackagriculturalcrops.Heexaminedreportsoffirstsightingsofnewinsectsanddiseasesaroundtheworld.TherecordscamefromCABI－theCentreforAgriculturalBioscienceInternational.Hesaysthegroupbegancollectinginformationfromdevelopingandindustrializedcountriesyearsago.

DanBebberandhisresearchteamstudied612differentorganisms－fromvirusesandbacteriatoinsectslikebeetlesandbutterflies.Theyfoundthatsince1960,croppestsanddiseaseshavebeenmovingtowardthepolesatanaveragerateofabout3kilometerseachyear.MrBebbersaysthisputsthemostproductivefarmlandintheworldindanger.

“Asnewspeciesofpestsanddiseasesevolveandpotentiallytheenvironmentforthembecomesmoreamenableathigheraltitudes,thepressureonthebreadbasketoftheworldisgoingtoincrease.”

Farmersfaceotherthreats.Invasivespeciespassedthroughtradearealsocausingproblems.GeneKritskyisanentomologistattheCollegeofMountSt.JosephinOhio.Hespecialisesinthestudyofinsects.Hesaysclimatechangemayimproveconditionsforsomeinvasivespecies.

“ItmeansthatspeciesinotherpartsoftheworldthatmightdowellinwarmertemperaturescannowdowellinthebreadbasketofAmerica.”

AnotherentomologistChristianKrupkeofPurdueUniversitysaystheeffectsofthesechangeswilldependverymuchonthecrop,theinsectandthedisease.Buthesaystheresearchisawarningsignthatpeopleshouldcareaboutclimatechangeanddosomethingaboutit.

5．ThepurposeofDanBebber'sresearchwastofind________.

A．iffarmlandcouldbemovedtocolderplacesthankstoglobalwarming

B．ifdiseasesandinsectsharmfultocropsweregoingtowardscolderareas

C．iforganismsweremovingtothenorthandsouthpoles

D．ifthenumberofcroppestswasincreasing

6．AccordingtoDanBebber,ifcroppestskeepmovingtowardsthepoles,________.

A．itwillbehardforfarmerstokillthem

B．themostproductivefarmlandwillproducemorecrops

C．theearthwillnotproduceenoughfoodtosupporttheworld

D．theconditionsforsomecropsmaybeimproved

7．Whichofthefollowingisnotathreatthatfarmershavetoface?

A．Climatechangemakescroppeststoadapttoanewenvironment.

B．Foreignspeciesarebroughtinbytrade.

C．InvasivespeciesdoingwellinwarmerplacesmightdowellinAmerica.

D．Theimpactsoftheclimateandspecieschangesoncropsarenoteasytodetermine.

C

Wolvesareinthenewsthesedays,especiallywiththecontroversialAlaskan_Wolf_Hunting_Festivalbeingafocusofpublicattention.Sincetheseanimalsaregettingmoreattentionintheouterworld,theymaybemorelikelytoshowupinyour_inner_worldandmaytakeonmanyformsandhavemanymeanings.

Wolvesliveinapack（狼群）andtheyhavealeader,aguidewhoisresponsiblefordirectingthepackandkeepingitsafe.Ifawolfappearsinyourdreamandyouhaveapositiverelationshipwiththewolf,itmaysuggestyourownleadershipabilities.Wolvesindreamsmayalsomeantheneedfortrustingyourowninternalleader－thesofthowlfromthebottomofyourownheart.

Whilewolvescertainlydohowl,itistillunknownwhytheyhowlatthemoon.Thewolf'showlisactuallyaformofcommunication.Wolvesmayhowlasaformofmakingfriends,orasawarning,ortoindicatethattheyare