考研英语一真题.docx

1、考研英语一真题2019年考研英语一真题Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smartphones. 1

2、of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 cant find north, we have a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the land.Wh

3、en you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. 9 , if you head downhill, and follow any

4、H2O you find, you should 10 see signs of people.If youve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another 12 : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 , even in dense forest,

5、 you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution. 18 , assuming

6、youre lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization.1.A Some2.A put3.A Since4.A formallyB MostB takeB IfB relativelyC FewC runC ThoughC graduallyD AllD comeD UntilD literally5. A backB next

7、C aroundD away6. A ontoB offC acrossD alone7. A unattractiveB uncrowdedC unchangedD unfamiliar8. A siteB pointC wayD place9. A SoB YetC InsteadD Besides10. A immediatelyB intentionallyC unexpectedlyD eventually11. A surprisedB annoyedC frightenedD confused12. A problemB optionC viewD result13. A Abo

8、ve allB In contrastC On averageD For example14. A bridgeB avoidC spotD separate15. A fromB throughC beyondD under16. A postsB linksC shadesD breaks17. A artificialB mysteriousC hiddenD limited18. A FinallyB ConsequentlyC IncidentallyD Generally19. A memoriesB marksC notesD belongings20. A restrictB

9、adoptC leadD exposeSection Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of

10、big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions

11、. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long-term decisionmaking, not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of Englands top

12、economist, Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economics, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in

13、both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firms efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quart

14、erly capitalism.”In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shorter attention spans in financial markets. “There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Da

15、niel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, T

16、he Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at leas

17、t two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders. Britains new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interes

18、t in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.21.According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is toAenhance bankers sense of responsibility.Bhelp corporations achieve larger profits.Cbuild a new system of financial regulation.Dguarantee the bonuses of top

19、 executives.22.Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicateAthe conditions for generating quick profits.Bgovernments impatience in decision-making.Cthe solid structure of publicly traded companies.D“short-termism” in economic activities.23.It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public c

20、ompanies can beAindirect.Badverse.Cminimal.Dtemporary.24.The US and France examples are used to illustrateAthe obstacles to preventing “short-termism”.Bthe significance of long-term thinking.Cthe approaches to promoting “long-termism”.Dthe prevalence of short-term thinking.25.Which of the following

21、would be the best title for the text?AFailure of Quarterly CapitalismBPatience as a Corporate VirtueCDecisiveness Required of Top ExecutivesDFrustration of Risk-taking BankersText 2Grade inflation the gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages) over the past few decades is often consider

22、ed a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased. But another, related force a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called “grade forgiveness” is helping raise GPAs.Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they

23、 received a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a students overall GPA.The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school (and paying tuition) and i

24、mprove their graduation rates. When this practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses. But now most colleges, save for many selective campuses, a

25、llow all undergraduates, and even graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven.College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without in

26、curring a big penalty. “Ultimately,” said Jack Miner, Ohio State Universitys registrar, “we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent courses or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.”That said, there is a way in which grade forgiven

27、ess satisfies colleges own needs as well. For public institutions, state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money. And anything that raises GPAs will likely make st

28、udents who, at the end of the day, are paying the bill feel theyve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another big concern for colleges.Indeed, grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers expectations for higher education. Since students

29、and parents expect a college degree to lead to a job, it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possible or at least appear to be. On this, students and colleges incentives seem to be aligned.26.What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation?AThe

30、 change of course catalogs.BStudents indifference to GPAs.CColleges neglect of GPAs.DThe influence of consumer culture.27.What was the original purpose of grade forgiveness?ATo help freshmen adapt to college learning.BTo maintain colleges graduation rates.CTo prepare graduates for a challenging futu

31、re.DTo increase universities income from tuition.28.According to Paragraph 5, grade forgiveness enables colleges toAobtain more financial support.Bboost their student enrollments.Cimprove their teaching quality.Dmeet local governments needs.29.What does the phrase “to be aligned” (Line 5, Para. 6) most probably mean?ATo counterbalance each other.