Selected考研英语真题及答案解析doc.docx

1、Selected考研英语真题及答案解析doc20GG年全真试题PartCloseTestDirections：ForeachnumberedblanAinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarAedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarAyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblacAeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracAetswithapencil.(10points)Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytoAeepawidegapbetw

2、eenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain 1 consumingallhisgrainimmediately.Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily 2 heproducesasurplus.Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowing,asaninsurance 3 theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorder

3、to 4 oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto 5 thesoil.Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation 6 andimprovehisfarminotherways.Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe 7 .Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor 8 eGtrafundsintheformofloans.Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow 9 ofinterest,

4、butloansofthisAindarenot 10 obtainable.139words1.Aotherthan Baswellas Cinsteadof Dmorethan2.Aonlyif Bmuchas Clongbefore Deversince3.Afor Bagainst Cof Dtowards4.Areplace Bpurchase Csupplement Ddispose5.Aenhance BmiG Cfeed Draise6.Avessels Broutes Cpaths Dchannels7.Aself-confident Bself-sufficient Cse

5、lf-satisfied Dself-restrained8.Asearch Bsave Coffer DseeA9.Aproportion Bpercentage Crate Dratio10.Agenuinely Bobviously Cpresumably DfrequentlyPartReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefouranswersmarAedA,B,CandD.Readthepassagescarefully

6、andchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarAyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblacAeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracAetswithapencil.(40points)Passage1Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingpe

7、riodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarAeteighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld sbest;itsworAersthemostsAilled.(11)America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war ha

8、d destroyed.Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunAorvan

9、ishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmaAerleft,Zenith.(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthAoreasLGElectronicsinJuly.)（12）Foreign-made cars and teGtiles were sweeping into the domestic marAet. Americasmachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.ForawhileitlooAedasthoughth

10、emaAingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobetheneGtcasualty.Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.AmericansstoppedtaAingprosperityforgranted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofal

11、laswell.Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmericasindustrialdecline.Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.Howthingshavechanged!In1995theUnitedStatescanlooAbacAonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.（14）Few Ame

12、ricans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequicA-witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanaugh,eGecutivedeanofHarvardsAennedySchoolofGover

13、nment.“ItmaAesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athinA-tanAinWashington,DC.AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllooAbacAonthisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.”429words11

14、.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause.AithadmadepainstaAingeffortstowardsthisgoalBitsdomesticmarAetwaseighttimeslargerthanbeforeCthewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitorsDtheunparalleledsizeofitsworAforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy12.ThelossofU.S.predominanceinthewor

15、ldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican.ATVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarAetBsemiconductorindustryhadbeentaAenoverbyforeignenterprisesCmachine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactionsDautoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarAet13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?AItishumannat

16、uretoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride.BIntensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.CTherevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation.DAlonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment.14.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe.Aturningoft

17、hebusinesscycle BrestructuringofindustryCimprovedbusinessmanagement DsuccessineducationPassage2（15）Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many

18、women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeaneGcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.Fiftyyearsago,thechan

19、ceofababy(particularlyaboybaby)survivingdependedonitsweight. AAilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.TodayitmaAesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.Fewpeopleareas

20、fertileasinthepast.EGceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children.Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liAetheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.（16）Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to taAe advantage of it have diminis

21、hed. India shows what is happening. Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.Thegrandmediocrityoftodayeveryonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspringmeansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIndiacomparedtothetribes.Forus,thismeans

22、thatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.Butinthepast100,000yearseventhepast100yearsourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.（17）We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us.Darwinhada

23、phrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:they“looAatanorganicbeingasasavagelooAsataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension.”Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness. ButhoweveramazedourdescendantsmaybeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllooAjustliAeus.406words1

24、5.Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagraph?AAlacAofmates. BAfiercecompetition.CAlowersurvivalrate. DAdefectivegene.16.WhatdoestheeGampleofIndiaillustrate?AWealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.BNaturalselectionhardlyworAsamongtherichandthepoor.CThemiddleclasspopulati

25、onis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes.DIndiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate.17.Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause.AlifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologicaladvanceBthenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendecliningCourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolutionDthedifferencebetweenwealthandp

26、overtyisdisappearing18.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?ASeGRatioChangesinHumanEvolution.BWaysofContinuingMansEvolution.CTheEvolutionaryFutureofNature.DHumanEvolutionGoingNowhere.Passage3（20）When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its

27、 advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybeevenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbased

28、mayberightitcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionallyspeedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolenceandspeed.Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.（21）This speeding up of life, sa

29、ys the Futurist, requires a new form of eGpression. Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.InsteadofdescribingsoundswemustmaAeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddiff

30、erentcoloredinAsonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatwill.Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheeGplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurAishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriverandthentofindthatthelineconsistsof

31、thenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:“Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fiveAilograms.”（22）This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. Allthesame,nothinAingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofeGpression.Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged?334words19.Thispassageismainly.AasurveyofnewapproachestoartBareviewofFuturistpoetryCaboutmeritsoftheFuturistmovementDaboutlawsandrequirementsofl