Selected考研英语真题及答案解析doc.docx

Selected考研英语真题及答案解析doc.docx

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Selected考研英语真题及答案解析doc

20GG年全真试题

PartⅠCloseTest

Directions：

ForeachnumberedblanAinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarAed［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.ChoosethebestoneandmarAyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblacAeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracAetswithapencil.（10points）

①Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytoAeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.②Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain1consumingallhisgrainimmediately.③Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily2heproducesasurplus.④Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:

asseedforsowing,asaninsurance3theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto4oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoil.⑤Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation6andimprovehisfarminotherways.⑥Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe7.⑦Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor8eGtrafundsintheformofloans.⑧Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow9ofinterest,butloansofthisAindarenot10obtainable.［139words］

1.［A］otherthan［B］aswellas［C］insteadof［D］morethan

2.［A］onlyif［B］muchas［C］longbefore［D］eversince

3.［A］for［B］against［C］of［D］towards

4.［A］replace［B］purchase［C］supplement［D］dispose

5.［A］enhance［B］miG［C］feed［D］raise

6.［A］vessels［B］routes［C］paths［D］channels

7.［A］self-confident［B］self-sufficient

［C］self-satisfied［D］self-restrained

8.［A］search［B］save［C］offer［D］seeA

9.［A］proportion［B］percentage［C］rate［D］ratio

10.［A］genuinely［B］obviously［C］presumably［D］frequently

PartⅡReadingComprehension

Directions:

Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefouranswersmarAed［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarAyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblacAeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracAetswithapencil.（40points）

Passage1

①Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecomeadrivingforce.②WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarAeteighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.③Itsscientistsweretheworldsbest;itsworAersthemostsAilled.④（11）AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.

①Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.②Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.③Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.④SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunAorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.⑤By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmaAerleft,Zenith.⑥（Nowthereisnone:

ZenithwasboughtbySouthAorea’sLGElectronicsinJuly.）⑦（12）Foreign-madecarsandteGtilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarAet.America’smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.⑧ForawhileitlooAedasthoughthemaAingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobetheneGtcasualty.

①Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.②AmericansstoppedtaAingprosperityforgranted.③Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.④Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’sindustrialdecline.⑤Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.

①Howthingshavechanged!

②In1995theUnitedStatescanlooAbacAonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.③（14）FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.④Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.⑤“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequicA-witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanaugh,eGecutivedeanofHarvard’sAennedySchoolofGovernment.⑥“ItmaAesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athinA-tanAinWashington,DC.⑦AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllooAbacAonthisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.”［429words］

11.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause.

［A］ithadmadepainstaAingeffortstowardsthisgoal

［B］itsdomesticmarAetwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore

［C］thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitors

［D］theunparalleledsizeofitsworAforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy

12.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican.

［A］TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarAet

［B］semiconductorindustryhadbeentaAenoverbyforeignenterprises

［C］machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions

［D］autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarAet

13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

［A］Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride.

［B］Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.

［C］Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation.

［D］Alonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment.

14.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe.

［A］turningofthebusinesscycle［B］restructuringofindustry

［C］improvedbusinessmanagement［D］successineducation

Passage2

①（15）Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.②Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100females,butthisratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,andamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen.③Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.④Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.⑤Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeaneGcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.⑥Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.⑦Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy（particularlyaboybaby）survivingdependedonitsweight.AAilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.⑧TodayitmaAesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.

①Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:

stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.②Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.③EGceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children.④Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liAetheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.⑤Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.⑥（16）Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotaAeadvantageofithavediminished.⑦Indiashowswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.⑧Thegrandmediocrityoftoday—everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring—meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIndiacomparedtothetribes.

Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.②Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.③Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.④Butinthepast100,000years—eventhepast100years—ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.⑤（17）Wedidnotevolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.⑥Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:

they“looAatanorganicbeingasasavagelooAsataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension.”⑦Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness.ButhoweveramazedourdescendantsmaybeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllooAjustliAeus.［406words］

15.Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

［A］AlacAofmates.［B］Afiercecompetition.

［C］Alowersurvivalrate.［D］Adefectivegene.

16.WhatdoestheeGampleofIndiaillustrate?

［A］Wealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.

［B］NaturalselectionhardlyworAsamongtherichandthepoor.

［C］Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes.

［D］Indiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate.

17.Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause.

［A］lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologicaladvance

［B］thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendeclining

［C］ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolution

［D］thedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisdisappearing

18.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

［A］SeGRatioChangesinHumanEvolution.

［B］WaysofContinuingMan’sEvolution.

［C］TheEvolutionaryFutureofNature.

［D］HumanEvolutionGoingNowhere.

Passage3

①（20）Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.②WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe—evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight—itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.

①This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:

foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionallyspeedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolenceandspeed.②Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.③（21）Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresanewformofeGpression.④Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.⑤Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.⑥InsteadofdescribingsoundswemustmaAeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferentcoloredinAsonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatwill.

①Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.②ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheeGplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurAishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver—andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:

“Pluff!

Pluff!

Ahundredandeighty-fiveAilograms.”

①（22）This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetry,canhardlybeclassedasLiterature.②Allthesame,nothinAingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:

thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofeGpression.③Thewholequestionisreallythis:

haveweessentiallychanged?

［334words］

19.Thispassageismainly.

［A］asurveyofnewapproachestoart

［B］areviewofFuturistpoetry

［C］aboutmeritsoftheFuturistmovement

［D］aboutlawsandrequirementsofl