供应链管理第三版Unit10习题与答案最新整理文档格式.docx

1、 True Difficulty:3.Cycle inventory is the physical inventory in the supply chain due to either production or purchases demanded by the customer.4.The inventory profile is a plot depicting the level of inventory over time. Answer: True Easy5.When demand is steady, cycle inventory and lot size are rel

2、ated as follows: Cycle Inventory = Lot Size x 2 = Q*2. False Difficulty:6.Lot sizes and cycle inventory do not affect the flow time of material within the supply chain.7.Average flow time resulting from cycle inventory = Cycle Inventory/Demand =Q/2D.8.Cycle inventory is primarily held to take advant

3、age of economies of scale and reduce profit within the supply chain.9.Increasing the lot size or cycle inventory often decreases the cost incurred by different stages of a supply chain.10.Cycle inventory exists in a supply chain because different stages exploit economies of scale to lower total cost

4、.11.The costs considered in lot sizing decisions include material cost, fixed ordering cost, and manufacturing cost.12.The total annual cost is the sum of annual material cost, annual order cost, and annual holding cost, and is given as TC = CD + （D/Q）S + （Q/2）hC.13.The optimal lot size is referred

5、to as the economic order quantity （EOQ）. It is denoted by Q * and is given by the equation: Q* = 2DS/hC.14.Total ordering and holding costs are unstable around the economic order quantity.15.A firm is often better served by ordering a convenient lot size close to the economic order quantity rather t

6、han the precise EOQ.16.If demand increases by a factor of k, the optimal lot size decreases by a factor ofk. Hard17.To reduce the optimal lot size by a factor of k, the fixed order cost S must be reduced by a factor of k.18.Aggregating across products, retailers, or suppliers in a single order allow

7、s for a reduction in lot size for individual products because fixed ordering and transportation costs are now spread across multiple products, retailers, or suppliers.19.A key to reducing cycle inventory is the reduction of lot size. Answer:20.A key to reducing lot size without increasing costs is t

8、o reduce the holding cost associated with each lot.21.Reduction of fixed cost may be achieved by aggregating lots across multiple products, customers, or suppliers.22.A discount is volume-based if the pricing schedule offers discounts based on the quantity ordered in a single lot.23.A discount is vo

9、lume-based if the discount is based on the total quantity purchased over a given period, regardless of the number of lots purchased over that period.24.Pricing schedules with all unit quantity discounts encourage retailers to increase the size of their lots, which reduces the average inventory and f

10、low time in a supply chain.25.Marginal unit quantity discounts have also been referred to as multi-block tariffs. Answer:26.Quantity discounts lead to a minor buildup of cycle inventory in the supply chain. Answer:27.For commodity products where price is set by the market, manufacturers can use lot

11、size based quantity discounts to achieve coordination in the supply chain and decrease supply chain cost.28.The supply chain profit is higher if each stage of the supply chain independently makes its pricing decisions with the objective of maximizing its own profit. Answer:29.For products where the

12、firm has market power, two-part tariffs can be used to achieve coordination in the supply chain and maximize supply chain profits. Answer:30.Discounts related to price discrimination will be lot size based. Answer:31.Price discrimination is the practice where a firm charges differential prices to ma

13、ximize profits.32.The goal of trade promotions is to influence retailers to act in a way that helps the retailer achieve its objectives.33.Although a forward buy is often the retailers appropriate response and increases their own profits, it usually increases demand variability with a resulting incr

14、ease in inventory and flow times within the supply chain.34.Trade promotions lead to a significant increase in lot size and cycle inventory because of forward buying by the retailer.Multiple Choice1.Cycle inventory exists because producing or purchasing in large lots allows a stage of the supply cha

15、in toa.exploit economies of scale and raise cost.b.exploit economies of scale and lower cost.c.exploit customers and lower cost.d.exploit customers and raise cost.e.none of the above Answer: b2.The quantity of inventory that a stage of the supply chain either produces or purchases at a given time is

16、a.an order.b.a job.c.a shipment.d.a lot or batch. d3.The average inventory in the supply chain due to either production or purchases in lot sizes that are larger than those demanded by the customer isa.annual inventory.b.distribution inventory.c.cycle inventory.d.physical inventory.e.b and c only An

17、swer: c Difficulty:4.A graphical plot depicting the level of inventory over time isa.an inventory graph.b.a distribution inventory.c.an inventory drawing.d.an inventory profile.e.an inventory picture. Answer:5.When demand is steady, cycle inventory and lot size are related asa.Cycle Inventory = Lot

18、Size x 2.b.Cycle Inventory = Q*2.c.Cycle Inventory = Q/2.d.Cycle Inventory = Lot Size = Q. c6.Average flow time resulting from cycle inventory is equal toa.Cycle Inventory/Demand = Q/2.b.Cycle Inventory/Demand = Q/2D.7.Cycle inventory is primarily held toa.take advantage of diseconomies of scale and

19、 increase cost within the supply chain.b.take advantage of diseconomies of scale and reduce cost within the supply chain.c.take advantage of economies of scale and increase cost within the supply chain.d.take advantage of economies of scale and reduce cost within the supply chain.e.None of the above

20、 are true. d Difficulty:8.Which of the following is not a cost that must be considered in any lot sizing decision?a.Average price per unit purchased, $C/unitb.Fixed ordering cost incurred per lot, $S/lotc.Holding cost incurred per unit per year, $H/unit/year = hCd.Manufacturing cost per unit, $M/uni

21、te.All of the above are costs to be considered. Answer:9.The primary role of cycle inventory is to allow different stages in the supply chain toa.purchase product in lot sizes that maximize the sum of the material, ordering, and holding cost.b.purchase product in lot sizes that minimize the sum of t

22、he material, ordering, and holding cost.c.sell product in lot sizes that maximize the sum of the material, ordering, and holding cost.d.sell product in lot sizes that minimize the sum of the material, ordering, and holding cost.10.Economies of scale in purchasing and ordering motivate a manager toa.

23、increase the lot size and cycle inventory.b.decrease the lot size and cycle inventory.c.eliminate inventory.d.increase the lot size and reduce cycle inventory. a11.Which of the following is not a situation in which any stage of the supply chain exploits economies of scale in its replenishment decisi

24、ons?a.A fixed cost is incurred each time an order is placed or produced.b.A holding cost is incurred each period for each unit of inventory.c.The supplier offers price discounts based on the quantity purchased per lot.d.The supplier offers short-term discounts or holds trade promotions.e.all of the

25、above Answer:12.The price paid per unit is referred to asa.the material cost and is denoted by C.b.the fixed ordering cost and is denoted by S.c.the holding cost and is denoted by H.d.the purchase price and is denoted by P.13.All costs that do not vary with the size of the order but are incurred each time an order is placed are referred to as14.The cost of carrying one unit in inventory for a specified period of time, usually one year