供应链管理第三版Unit10习题与答案最新整理文档格式.docx

供应链管理第三版Unit10习题与答案最新整理文档格式.docx

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TrueDifficulty:

3.Cycleinventoryisthephysicalinventoryinthesupplychainduetoeitherproductionorpurchasesdemandedbythecustomer.

4.Theinventoryprofileisaplotdepictingthelevelofinventoryovertime.Answer:

True

Easy

5.Whendemandissteady,cycleinventoryandlotsizearerelatedasfollows:

CycleInventory=LotSizex2=Q*2.

FalseDifficulty:

6.Lotsizesandcycleinventorydonotaffecttheflowtimeofmaterialwithinthesupplychain.

7.Averageflowtimeresultingfromcycleinventory=CycleInventory/Demand=

Q/2D.

8.Cycleinventoryisprimarilyheldtotakeadvantageofeconomiesofscaleandreduceprofitwithinthesupplychain.

9.Increasingthelotsizeorcycleinventoryoftendecreasesthecostincurredbydifferentstagesofasupplychain.

10.Cycleinventoryexistsinasupplychainbecausedifferentstagesexploiteconomiesofscaletolowertotalcost.

11.Thecostsconsideredinlotsizingdecisionsincludematerialcost,fixedorderingcost,andmanufacturingcost.

12.Thetotalannualcostisthesumofannualmaterialcost,annualordercost,andannualholdingcost,andisgivenasTC=CD+（D/Q）S+（Q/2）hC.

13.Theoptimallotsizeisreferredtoastheeconomicorderquantity（EOQ）.ItisdenotedbyQ*andisgivenbytheequation:

Q*=√2DS/hC.

14.Totalorderingandholdingcostsareunstablearoundtheeconomicorderquantity.

15.AfirmisoftenbetterservedbyorderingaconvenientlotsizeclosetotheeconomicorderquantityratherthanthepreciseEOQ.

16.Ifdemandincreasesbyafactorofk,theoptimallotsizedecreasesbyafactorof

k.

Hard

17.Toreducetheoptimallotsizebyafactorofk,thefixedordercostSmustbereducedbyafactorofk.

18.Aggregatingacrossproducts,retailers,orsuppliersinasingleorderallowsforareductioninlotsizeforindividualproductsbecausefixedorderingandtransportationcostsarenowspreadacrossmultipleproducts,retailers,orsuppliers.

19.Akeytoreducingcycleinventoryisthereductionoflotsize.Answer:

20.Akeytoreducinglotsizewithoutincreasingcostsistoreducetheholdingcostassociatedwitheachlot.

21.Reductionoffixedcostmaybeachievedbyaggregatinglotsacrossmultipleproducts,customers,orsuppliers.

22.Adiscountisvolume-basedifthepricingscheduleoffersdiscountsbasedonthequantityorderedinasinglelot.

23.Adiscountisvolume-basedifthediscountisbasedonthetotalquantitypurchasedoveragivenperiod,regardlessofthenumberoflotspurchasedoverthatperiod.

24.Pricingscheduleswithallunitquantitydiscountsencourageretailerstoincreasethesizeoftheirlots,whichreducestheaverageinventoryandflowtimeinasupplychain.

25.Marginalunitquantitydiscountshavealsobeenreferredtoasmulti-blocktariffs.Answer:

26.Quantitydiscountsleadtoaminorbuildupofcycleinventoryinthesupplychain.Answer:

27.Forcommodityproductswherepriceissetbythemarket,manufacturerscanuselotsizebasedquantitydiscountstoachievecoordinationinthesupplychainanddecreasesupplychaincost.

28.Thesupplychainprofitishigherifeachstageofthesupplychainindependentlymakesitspricingdecisionswiththeobjectiveofmaximizingitsownprofit.Answer:

29.Forproductswherethefirmhasmarketpower,two-parttariffscanbeusedtoachievecoordinationinthesupplychainandmaximizesupplychainprofits.Answer:

30.Discountsrelatedtopricediscriminationwillbelotsizebased.Answer:

31.Pricediscriminationisthepracticewhereafirmchargesdifferentialpricestomaximizeprofits.

32.Thegoaloftradepromotionsistoinfluenceretailerstoactinawaythathelpstheretailerachieveitsobjectives.

33.Althoughaforwardbuyisoftentheretailer’sappropriateresponseandincreasestheirownprofits,itusuallyincreasesdemandvariabilitywitharesultingincreaseininventoryandflowtimeswithinthesupplychain.

34.Tradepromotionsleadtoasignificantincreaseinlotsizeandcycleinventorybecauseofforwardbuyingbytheretailer.

MultipleChoice

1.Cycleinventoryexistsbecauseproducingorpurchasinginlargelotsallowsastageofthesupplychainto

a.exploiteconomiesofscaleandraisecost.

b.exploiteconomiesofscaleandlowercost.

c.exploitcustomersandlowercost.

d.exploitcustomersandraisecost.

e.noneoftheaboveAnswer:

b

2.Thequantityofinventorythatastageofthesupplychaineitherproducesorpurchasesatagiventimeis

a.anorder.

b.ajob.

c.ashipment.

d.alotorbatch.

d

3.Theaverageinventoryinthesupplychainduetoeitherproductionorpurchasesinlotsizesthatarelargerthanthosedemandedbythecustomeris

a.annualinventory.

b.distributioninventory.

c.cycleinventory.

d.physicalinventory.

e.bandconlyAnswer:

cDifficulty:

4.Agraphicalplotdepictingthelevelofinventoryovertimeis

a.aninventorygraph.

b.adistributioninventory.

c.aninventorydrawing.

d.aninventoryprofile.

e.aninventorypicture.Answer:

5.Whendemandissteady,cycleinventoryandlotsizearerelatedas

a.CycleInventory=LotSizex2.

b.CycleInventory=Q*2.

c.CycleInventory=Q/2.

d.CycleInventory=LotSize=Q.

c

6.Averageflowtimeresultingfromcycleinventoryisequalto

a.CycleInventory/Demand=Q/2.

b.CycleInventory/Demand=Q/2D.

7.Cycleinventoryisprimarilyheldto

a.takeadvantageofdiseconomiesofscaleandincreasecostwithinthesupplychain.

b.takeadvantageofdiseconomiesofscaleandreducecostwithinthesupplychain.

c.takeadvantageofeconomiesofscaleandincreasecostwithinthesupplychain.

d.takeadvantageofeconomiesofscaleandreducecostwithinthesupplychain.

e.Noneoftheabovearetrue.

dDifficulty:

8.Whichofthefollowingisnotacostthatmustbeconsideredinanylotsizingdecision?

a.Averagepriceperunitpurchased,$C/unit

b.Fixedorderingcostincurredperlot,$S/lot

c.Holdingcostincurredperunitperyear,$H/unit/year=hC

d.Manufacturingcostperunit,$M/unit

e.Alloftheabovearecoststobeconsidered.Answer:

9.Theprimaryroleofcycleinventoryistoallowdifferentstagesinthesupplychainto

a.purchaseproductinlotsizesthatmaximizethesumofthematerial,ordering,andholdingcost.

b.purchaseproductinlotsizesthatminimizethesumofthematerial,ordering,andholdingcost.

c.sellproductinlotsizesthatmaximizethesumofthematerial,ordering,andholdingcost.

d.sellproductinlotsizesthatminimizethesumofthematerial,ordering,andholdingcost.

10.Economiesofscaleinpurchasingandorderingmotivateamanagerto

a.increasethelotsizeandcycleinventory.

b.decreasethelotsizeandcycleinventory.

c.eliminateinventory.

d.increasethelotsizeandreducecycleinventory.

a

11.Whichofthefollowingisnotasituationinwhichanystageofthesupplychainexploitseconomiesofscaleinitsreplenishmentdecisions?

a.Afixedcostisincurredeachtimeanorderisplacedorproduced.

b.Aholdingcostisincurredeachperiodforeachunitofinventory.

c.Thesupplierofferspricediscountsbasedonthequantitypurchasedperlot.

d.Thesupplieroffersshort-termdiscountsorholdstradepromotions.

e.alloftheaboveAnswer:

12.Thepricepaidperunitisreferredtoas

a.thematerialcostandisdenotedbyC.

b.thefixedorderingcostandisdenotedbyS.

c.theholdingcostandisdenotedbyH.

d.thepurchasepriceandisdenotedbyP.

13.Allcoststhatdonotvarywiththesizeoftheorderbutareincurredeachtimeanorderisplacedarereferredtoas

14.Thecostofcarryingoneunitininventoryforaspecifiedperiodoftime,usuallyoneyear