中国科学院研究生院博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲doc.docx

1、中国科学院研究生院博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲doc中国科学院研究生院博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲本大纲是在2002年10月起试行的原中国科学院研究生院博士研究生入学考试英语 考试大纲的基础上修订的，自2005年10月起在中国科学院研究生院范围内试行。考试对象报考中国科学院所属各院、所、园、中心、站、台相关专业拟攻读博士学位的考生。考试目的检验考生是否具有进入攻读博士学位阶段的英语水平和能力。考试类型、考试内容及考试结构本考试共有五个部分：词汇（占10%）、完形填空（占15%）、阅读理解（占40%）、英 译汉占（15%）,写伯 20%o试卷分为：试卷一 （Paper One）客观试题，包括

2、前三个部分, 共75题，顺序排号；试卷二（Paper Two）主观试题，包括英译汉和写作两个部分。一、 词汇主要测试考生是否具备一定的词汇量和根据上下文对词和词组意义判断的能力。词和 词组的测试范围基本以本考试大纲词汇表为参照依据。共20题。每题为一个留有空白的英文句子。要求考生从所给的四个选项中选出可用在 句中的最恰当词或词组。二、 完形填空主要测试考生在语篇层次上的理解能力以及对词汇表达方式和结构掌握的程度。考生 应具有借助于词汇、句法及上下文线索对语言进行综合分析和应用的能力。要求考生就所 给篇章中15处空白所需的词或短语分别从四个选项中选出最佳答案。三、 阅读理解木部分共分两节。要求考

3、生能：1） 掌握中心思想、主要内容和具体细节；2） 进行相关的判断和推理；3） 准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中的特定含义；4） 领会作者观点和意图、判断作者的态度。A节：主要测试考生在规定时间内通过阅读获取相关信息的能力。考生须完成 1800-2000词的阅读量并就题目从四个选项中选出最佳答案。B节：主要测试考生对诸如连贯性和一致性等语段特征的理解。考生须完成700- 900词的阅读量（2篇短文），并根据每篇文章（约400词）的内容，从文后所提供的6段 文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。四、英译汉要求考生将一篇近400词的英语短文中有下划线的5个句子翻译成汉语。主要测试考 生是否能从

4、语篇的角度正确理解英语原句的意思，并能用准确、达意的汉语书面表达出来。五、写作要求考生按照命题、所给提纲或背景图、表写出一篇不少于200字的短文。目的是测 试考生用英语表达思想或传递信息的能力及对英文写作基础知识的实际运用。考试时间及计分考试时间总计为180分钟,其中试卷一为110分钟，试卷二为70分钟。卷面总分100 分。详见下表：试卷一:题号名称题量分值时间(分钟)I词汇选择填空201015II完形填空151515III-A阅读理解(A)303060III-B阅读理解(B)101020小计7565110分钟试卷二:题号名称题量分值时间(分钟)IV英译汉-语篇 中句子51530V写作1204

5、0小计63570分钟SAMPLE TESTTHE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCESENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONFORDOCTORAL CANDIDATESPAPER ONEPART I VOCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Directions: Choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter o

6、f your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1.Ten years ago, a house with a decent bathroom was a symbol among university professors.A.post B. statusC. position D. place2.It would be far better if collectors could be persuaded to spend their time a

7、nd money in support ofarchaeological research.A.legible B. legitimateC. legislative D. illicit3.We seek a society that has at its a respect for the dignity and worth of the individual.A.end B. handC. core D. best4.A variety of problems have greatly the countrys normal educational development.A.imped

8、ed B. impartedC. implored D. implemented5.A good education is an asset you can for the rest of your life.A.spell out B. call uponC. fall over D. resort to6.Oil can change a society more than anyone could ever have imagined.A.grossly B. severelyC. rapidly D. drastically7.Beneath its myriad rules, the

9、 fundamental purpose of is to make the world a pleasanter placeto live in, and you a more pleasant person to live with.8.The New Testament was not only written in the Greek language, but ideas derived from Greek philosophy were in many parts of it.A.altered B. criticizedC.incorporated D. translated9

10、.Nobody will ever know the agony I go waiting for him to come home.A.over B. withC. down D. through10.While a countrys economy is becoming the most promising in the world, its people should be more about their quality of life.A.discriminating B. distributingC. disagreeing D. disclosing11. Cheated by

11、 two boys whom he had trust on, Joseph promised to them.A. find fault withC. look down uponB. make the most of D. get even with12. The Ministers answer let to an outcry from the Opposition.A. impressiveC. intensiveB. evasiveD. exhaustive13.In proportion as 由e between classes within the nation disapp

12、ears the hostility of one nationto another will come to an end.A.intolerance B. pessimismC. injustice D. antagonism14.Everyone does their own thing, to the point where a fifth-grade teacher cant on a fourth-gradeteacher having taught certain things.A.count B. insistC. fall D. dwell15.When the fire b

13、roke out in the building, the people lost their and ran into the elevator.A. hearts B. tempersC. heads D.senses16.Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply everycheat in the marketplace.17.In fact the purchasing power of a single persons pension in Hong Kong was

14、only 70 per cent of the valueof the Singapore pension.A.equivalent B. similarC.consistent D. identical18.He became aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk.A.honestly B. graciouslyC. coherently D. flexibly19.The novel, which is a work of art, exists not by its life, but

15、 by its immeasurable differencefrom life.A.significance in B. imagination atC. resemblance to D. predominance over20. She was artful and could always her parents in the end.A. shout downC. comply withB. get roundD. pass overPART II CLOZE TEST(15 minutes 15 points)Directions: For each blank in the fo

16、llowing passage, choose the best answer from the four choices iveii in the opposite column. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.We are entering a period in which rapid population growth, the presence of deadly

17、 weapons, and dwindling resources will bring international tensions to dangerous levels for an extended period. Indeed, 21 seems no reason for these levels of danger to subside unless population equilibrium is 22 and some rough measure of fairness reached in the distribution of wealth among nations.

18、 23 of adequate magnitude imply a willingness to redistribute income intemationally on a more generous 24 than the advanced nations have evidenced within their own domains. The required increases in 25 in the backward regions would necessitate gigantic applications of energy merely to extract the 26

19、 resources.It is uncertain whether the requisite energy-producing technology exists, and more serious, 27 that its application would bring us to the threshold of an irreversible change in climate 28 a consequence of the enormous addition of manmade heat to the atmosphere. It is this 29 problem that

20、poses the most demanding and difficult of the challenges. The existing 30 of industrial growth, with no allowance for increased industrialization to repair global poverty, hold 31 the risk of entering the danger zone of climatic change in as 32 as three or four generations. If the trajectory is in f

21、act pursued, industrial growth will 33 have to come to an immediate halt, for another generation or two along that 34 would litendly consume human, perhaps all life. The terrifying outcome can be postponed only to the extent that the wastage of heat can be reduced, 35 that technologies that do not a

22、dd to the atmospheric heat burdenfor example, the use of solar energycan be utilized. (1996)PART III READING COMPREHENSIONSection A (60 minutes, 30 points)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by

23、 four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1The writing of a historica

24、l synthesis involves integrating the materials available to the historian into a comprehensible whole. The problem in writing a historical synthesis is how to find a pattern in, or impose a pattern upon, the detailed information that has already been used to explain the causes for a historical event

25、.A synthesis seeks common elements in which to interpret the contingent parts of a historical event. The initial step, therefore, in writing a historical synthesis, is to put the event to be synthesized in a proper historical perspective, so that the common elements or strands making up the event ca

26、n be determined. This can be accomplished by analyzing the historical event as part of a general trend or continuum in history. The common elements that are familial* to the event will become the ideological framework in which the historian seeks to synthesize. This is not to say that any factor wil

27、l not have a greater relative value in the historians handling of the interrelated when viewed in a broad historical perspective.The historian, in synthesizing, must determine the extent to which the existing hypotheses have similar trends. A general trend line, once established, will enable these s

28、imilar trends to be correlated and paralleled within the conceptual framework of a common base. A synthesis further seeks to determine, from existing hypotheses, why an outcome took the direction it did; thus, it necessitates reconstructing the spirit of the times in order to assimilate the politica

29、l, social, psychological, etc., factors within a common base.As such, the synthesis becomes the logical construct in interpreting the common ground between an original explanation of an outcome (thesis) and the reinterpretation of the outcome along different lines (antithesis). Therefore, the synthe

30、sis necessitates the integration of the materials available into a comprehensible whole which will in turn provide a new historical perspective for the event being synthesized.36.The author would mostly be concerned with.A.finding the most important cause for a particular historical eventB.determini

31、ng when hypotheses need to be reinterpretedC.imposing a pattern upon varying interpretations for the causes of a particular historical eventD.attributing many conditions that toge由er lead to a particular historical event or to single motive37.The most important preliminary step in writing a historical synthesis would be.A.to accumulate sufficient reference material to explain an eventB.analyzing the historical event to determine if a “single theme theory” apples to the eventC.determining the common strands that make up a historical eventD.interpreting historical factors to determ