中国科学院研究生院博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲doc.docx
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中国科学院研究生院博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲doc
中国科学院研究生院博士研究生入学考试
英语考试大纲
本大纲是在2002年10月起试行的原《中国科学院研究生院博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲》的基础上修订的，自2005年10月起在中国科学院研究生院范围内试行。
考试对象
报考中国科学院所属各院、所、园、中心、站、台相关专业拟攻读博士学位的考生。
考试目的
检验考生是否具有进入攻读博士学位阶段的英语水平和能力。
考试类型、考试内容及考试结构
本考试共有五个部分：
词汇（占10%）、完形填空（占15%）、阅读理解（占40%）、英译汉占（15%）,写伯20%o试卷分为：
试卷一（PaperOne）客观试题，包括前三个部分,共75题，顺序排号；试卷二（PaperTwo）主观试题，包括英译汉和写作两个部分。
一、词汇
主要测试考生是否具备一定的词汇量和根据上下文对词和词组意义判断的能力。
词和词组的测试范围基本以本考试大纲词汇表为参照依据。
共20题。
每题为一个留有空白的英文句子。
要求考生从所给的四个选项中选出可用在句中的最恰当词或词组。
二、完形填空
主要测试考生在语篇层次上的理解能力以及对词汇表达方式和结构掌握的程度。
考生应具有借助于词汇、句法及上下文线索对语言进行综合分析和应用的能力。
要求考生就所给篇章中15处空白所需的词或短语分别从四个选项中选出最佳答案。
三、阅读理解
木部分共分两节。
要求考生能：
1）掌握中心思想、主要内容和具体细节；
2）进行相关的判断和推理；
3）准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中的特定含义；
4）领会作者观点和意图、判断作者的态度。
A节：
主要测试考生在规定时间内通过阅读获取相关信息的能力。
考生须完成1800-2000词的阅读量并就题目从四个选项中选出最佳答案。
B节：
主要测试考生对诸如连贯性和一致性等语段特征的理解。
考生须完成700-900词的阅读量（2篇短文），并根据每篇文章（约400词）的内容，从文后所提供的6段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。
四、英译汉
要求考生将一篇近400词的英语短文中有下划线的5个句子翻译成汉语。
主要测试考生是否能从语篇的角度正确理解英语原句的意思，并能用准确、达意的汉语书面表达出来。
五、写作
要求考生按照命题、所给提纲或背景图、表写出一篇不少于200字的短文。
目的是测试考生用英语表达思想或传递信息的能力及对英文写作基础知识的实际运用。
考试时间及计分
考试时间总计为180分钟,其中试卷一为110分钟，试卷二为70分钟。
卷面总分100分。
详见下表：
试卷一:
题号
名称
题量
分值
时间（分钟）
I
词汇选择填空
20
10
15
II
完形填空
15
15
15
III-A
阅读理解（A）
30
30
60
III-B
阅读理解（B）
10
10
20
小计
75
65
110分钟
试卷二:
题号
名称
题量
分值
时间（分钟）
IV
英译汉-语篇中句子
5
15
30
V
写作
1
20
40
小计
6
35
70分钟
SAMPLETEST
THECHINESEACADEMYOFSCIENCES
ENGLISHENTRANCEEXAMINATION
FOR
DOCTORALCANDIDATES
PAPERONE
PARTIVOCABULARY（15minutes,10points,0.5pointeach）
Directions:
Choosethewordorexpressionbeloweachsentencethatbestcompletesthestatement,andmarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.
1.Tenyearsago,ahousewithadecentbathroomwasasymbolamonguniversityprofessors.
A.postB.status
C.positionD.place
2.Itwouldbefarbetterifcollectorscouldbepersuadedtospendtheirtimeandmoneyinsupportof
archaeologicalresearch.
A.legibleB.legitimate
C.legislativeD.illicit
3.Weseekasocietythathasatitsarespectforthedignityandworthoftheindividual.
A.endB.hand
C.coreD.best
4.Avarietyofproblemshavegreatlythecountry'snormaleducationaldevelopment.
A.impededB.imparted
C.imploredD.implemented
5.Agoodeducationisanassetyoucanfortherestofyourlife.
A.spelloutB.callupon
C.falloverD.resortto
6.Oilcanchangeasocietymorethananyonecouldeverhaveimagined.
A.grosslyB.severely
C.rapidlyD.drastically
7.Beneathitsmyriadrules,thefundamentalpurposeofistomaketheworldapleasanterplace
tolivein,andyouamorepleasantpersontolivewith.
8.TheNewTestamentwasnotonlywrittenintheGreeklanguage,butideasderivedfromGreekphilosophywereinmanypartsofit.
A.alteredB.criticized
C.incorporatedD.translated
9.NobodywilleverknowtheagonyIgowaitingforhimtocomehome.
A.overB.with
C.downD.through
10.Whileacountry'seconomyisbecomingthemostpromisingintheworld,itspeopleshouldbemoreabouttheirqualityoflife.
A.discriminatingB.distributing
C.disagreeingD.disclosing
11.Cheatedbytwoboyswhomhehadtruston,Josephpromisedtothem.
A.findfaultwith
C.lookdownupon
B.makethemostofD.getevenwith
12.TheMinister'sanswerlettoanoutcryfromtheOpposition.
A.impressive
C.intensive
B.evasive
D.exhaustive
13.Inproportionas由ebetweenclasseswithinthenationdisappearsthehostilityofonenation
toanotherwillcometoanend.
A.intoleranceB.pessimism
C.injusticeD.antagonism
14.Everyonedoestheirownthing,tothepointwhereafifth-gradeteachercan'tonafourth-grade
teacherhavingtaughtcertainthings.
A.countB.insist
C.fallD.dwell
15.Whenthefirebrokeoutinthebuilding,thepeoplelosttheirandranintotheelevator.
A.heartsB.tempers
C.headsD.senses
16.Consumersdeprivedoftheinformationandadvicetheyneededwerequitesimplyevery
cheatinthemarketplace.
17.Infactthepurchasingpowerofasingleperson'spensioninHongKongwasonly70percentofthevalue
oftheSingaporepension.
A.equivalentB.similar
C.consistentD.identical
18.Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalk.
A.honestlyB.graciously
C.coherentlyD.flexibly
19.Thenovel,whichisaworkofart,existsnotbyitslife,butbyitsimmeasurabledifference
fromlife.
A.significanceinB.imaginationat
C.resemblancetoD.predominanceover
20.Shewasartfulandcouldalwaysherparentsintheend.
A.shoutdown
C.complywith
B.getround
D.passover
PARTIICLOZETEST
（15minutes’15points）
Directions:
Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices^iveiiintheoppositecolumn.MarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.
Weareenteringaperiodinwhichrapidpopulationgrowth,thepresenceofdeadlyweapons,anddwindlingresourceswillbringinternationaltensionstodangerouslevelsforanextendedperiod.Indeed,21seemsnoreasonfortheselevelsofdangertosubsideunlesspopulationequilibriumis22andsomeroughmeasureoffairnessreachedinthedistributionofwealthamongnations.23ofadequatemagnitudeimplyawillingnesstoredistributeincomeintemationallyonamoregenerous24thantheadvancednationshaveevidencedwithintheirowndomains.Therequiredincreasesin25inthebackwardregionswouldnecessitategiganticapplicationsofenergymerelytoextractthe26resources.
Itisuncertainwhethertherequisiteenergy-producingtechnologyexists,andmoreserious,27thatitsapplicationwouldbringustothethresholdofanirreversiblechangeinclimate28aconsequenceoftheenormousadditionofmanmadeheattotheatmosphere.Itisthis29problemthatposesthemostdemandinganddifficultofthechallenges.Theexisting30ofindustrialgrowth,withnoallowanceforincreasedindustrializationtorepairglobalpoverty,hold31theriskofenteringthedangerzoneofclimaticchangeinas32asthreeorfourgenerations.Ifthetrajectoryisinfactpursued,industrialgrowthwill33havetocometoanimmediatehalt,foranothergenerationortwoalongthat34wouldlitendlyconsumehuman,perhapsalllife.Theterrifyingoutcomecanbepostponedonlytotheextentthatthewastageofheatcanbereduced,35thattechnologiesthatdonotaddtotheatmosphericheatburden—forexample,theuseofsolarenergy——canbeutilized.（1996）
PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION
SectionA（60minutes,30points）
Directions:
Beloweachofthefollowingpassagesyouwillfindsomequestionsorincompletestatements.EachquestionorstatementisfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthenselectthechoicethatbestanswersthequestionorcompletesthestatement.MarktheletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.
Passage1
Thewritingofahistoricalsynthesisinvolvesintegratingthematerialsavailabletothehistorianintoacomprehensiblewhole.Theprobleminwritingahistoricalsynthesisishowtofindapatternin,orimposeapatternupon,thedetailedinformationthathasalreadybeenusedtoexplainthecausesforahistoricalevent.
Asynthesisseekscommonelementsinwhichtointerpretthecontingentpartsofahistoricalevent.Theinitialstep,therefore,inwritingahistoricalsynthesis,istoputtheeventtobesynthesizedinaproperhistoricalperspective,sothatthecommonelementsorstrandsmakinguptheeventcanbedetermined.Thiscanbeaccomplishedbyanalyzingthehistoricaleventaspartofageneraltrendorcontinuuminhistory.Thecommonelementsthatarefamilial*totheeventwillbecometheideologicalframeworkinwhichthehistorianseekstosynthesize.Thisisnottosaythatanyfactorwillnothaveagreaterrelativevalueinthehistorian'shandlingoftheinterrelatedwhenviewedinabroadhistoricalperspective.
Thehistorian,insynthesizing,mustdeterminetheextenttowhichtheexistinghypotheseshavesimilartrends.Ageneraltrendline,onceestablished,willenablethesesimilartrendstobecorrelatedandparalleledwithintheconceptualframeworkofacommonbase.Asynthesisfurtherseekstodetermine,fromexistinghypotheses,whyanoutcometookthedirectionitdid;thus,itnecessitatesreconstructingthespiritofthetimesinordertoassimilatethepolitical,social,psychological,etc.,factorswithinacommonbase.
Assuch,thesynthesisbecomesthelogicalconstructininterpretingthecommongroundbetweenanoriginalexplanationofanoutcome（thesis）andthereinterpretationoftheoutcomealongdifferentlines（antithesis）.Therefore,thesynthesisnecessitatestheintegrationofthematerialsavailableintoacomprehensiblewholewhichwillinturnprovideanewhistoricalperspectivefortheeventbeingsynthesized.
36.Theauthorwouldmostlybeconcernedwith.
A.findingthemostimportantcauseforaparticularhistoricalevent
B.determiningwhenhypothesesneedtobereinterpreted
C.imposingapatternuponvaryinginterpretationsforthecausesofaparticularhistoricalevent
D.attributingmanyconditionsthattoge由erleadtoaparticularhistoricaleventortosinglemotive
37.Themostimportantpreliminarystepinwritingahistoricalsynthesiswouldbe.
A.toaccumulatesufficientreferencematerialtoexplainanevent
B.analyzingthehistoricaleventtodetermineifa“singlethemetheory”applestotheevent
C.determiningthecommonstrandsthatmakeupahistoricalevent
D.interpretinghistoricalfactorstodeterm
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