高考整理 八年英语真题分类专项训练试题阅读理解专题3 生态环保类附答案.docx

1、高考整理 八年英语真题分类专项训练试题阅读理解专题3 生态环保类附答案第一部分 阅读理解考点3 生态环保类1 （2017新课标）After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves G

2、ray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where

3、 there were fewer humans around The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results Deer and elk populations major food sources (来源) for the wolf grew rapidly These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park In the absence of wolves, coyote p

4、opulations also grew quickly The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park s red foxes, and completely drove away the park s beavers As early as 1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and c

5、oyote problems Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers The U S Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone Toda

6、ythe debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone Elkdeerand coyote populations are downwhile beavers and red foxes have made a comeback The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of

7、the country as well 28 What is the text mainly about?A Wildlife research in the United States B Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area C The conflict between farmers and gray wolves D The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park 29 What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?A

8、 Tested B Separated C Forced out D Tracked down 30 What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？A Damage to local ecology B A decline in the parks income C Preservation of vegetation D An increase in the variety of animals 31 What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project

9、？A Doubtful B Positive C Disapproving D Uncaring 2 （2017江苏）Old Problem New ApproachesWhile clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life global warning will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions（排放）peak So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today we would still face the challe

10、nge of adapting to climate change Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation When it comes to adaptation it is important to understand that climate change is a process We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard but to a constantly shifting set

11、 of conditions This is why in part at least the US National Climate Assessment says that: “There is no one-size fits all adaptation ” Nevertheless there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost Around the world people are adapting in surprising ways especially in some poor coun

12、tries Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries schools and health clinics and are equipped with solar panels and other communic

13、ating facilities Rezwan is creating floating connectivity（连体） to replace flooded roads and highways But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds prevent starvation during the wet season Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishi

14、ng actions are being taken Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in Indiawhere he is known as the Ice Man The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture Without the glacierswater will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops No

15、rphels inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winterwhen it was not needed He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it frozeand was stored until the spring His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water Having created nine such ice reservesNorphel calculate

16、s that he has stored about 200,000m3 of water Climate change is a continuing processso Norphels ice reserves will not last forever Warming will overtake them But he is providing a few years during which the farmers willperhapsbe able to find other means of adapting Increasing Earths reflectiveness c

17、an cool the planet In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally and actually cooled the region While Spain as a whole is heating up quicklytemperatures near the greenhouses have decreased This example should act as an

18、inspiration for all cities By painting buildings whitecities may slow down the warming process In Perulocal farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will rest

19、ore the life-giving ice The outcome is still far from clear But the World Bank has included the project on its of “100 ideas to save the planet” More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria Over five generations the land has bee

20、n too wet for cropping But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops Farmers in many countries are also adapting like thiseither by growing new produce or by growing the same things differently This is common sense But some suggestions for adapting ar

21、e not When the polluting industries argue that weve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adaptits a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways But the most

22、 sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution After allif we adapt in that waywe may avoid the need to change in so many others 65 The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies A adaptation is an ever-changing processB the cost of adaptation varies wit

23、h timeC global warming affects adaptation formsD adaptation to climate change is challenging66 What is special with regard to Rezwans project?A The project receives government support B Different organizations work with each other C His organization makes the best of a bad situation D The project co

24、nnects flooded roads and highways 67 What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?A Storing ice for future use B Protecting the glaciers from melting C Changing the irrigation time D Postponing the melting of the glaciers 68 What do we learn from the Peru example?A White paint is u

25、sually safe for buildings B The global warming tread cannot be stopped C This country is heating up too quickly D Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming 69 According to the authorpolluting industries should A adapt to carbon pollution B plant highly profitable cropsC leave carbon emission al

26、one D fight against carbon pollution70 Whats the authors preferred solution to global warming?A Setting up a new standard B Reducing carbon emission C Adapting to climate change D Monitoring polluting industries 3 （2016北京）California Condors Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North Americas larg

27、est birdswith wind-length of up to 3 meters In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖) S

28、ince 1992there have been multiple reintroductions to the wildand there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico Electrical lines have been killing them off “As they go in to rest for the night, they just dont see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of

29、 San Diego Zoo Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once So scientists have come up with a shocking idea Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undea

30、dly electric shock Before the training was introduced66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution This has now dropped to 18% Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead This affects their

31、 nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days This work is starting to pay off The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011 Rideouts team thinks that the California condors average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says “They a