高考整理 八年英语真题分类专项训练试题阅读理解专题3 生态环保类附答案.docx

高考整理 八年英语真题分类专项训练试题阅读理解专题3 生态环保类附答案.docx

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高考整理八年英语真题分类专项训练试题阅读理解专题3生态环保类附答案

第一部分阅读理解

考点3生态环保类

1．（2017新课标Ⅲ）

Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark．FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark．Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves．

GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment．Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea．TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround．

Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults．Deerandelkpopulations—majorfoodsources（来源）forthewolf–grewrapidly．Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation（植被）,whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark．Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly．Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark’sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark’sbeavers．

Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark．Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems．Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets．

Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolvers．TheU．S．FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone．Today¸thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone．Elk¸deer¸andcoyotepopulationsaredown¸whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback．TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell．

28．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A．WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates．

B．PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea．

C．Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves．

D．ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark．

29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced”inparagraph2mean?

A．Tested．B．Separated．C．Forcedout．D．Trackeddown．

30．Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout？

A．Damagetolocalecology．B．Adeclineinthepark’sincome．

C．Preservationofvegetation．D．Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals．

31．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject？

A．Doubtful．B．Positive．C．Disapproving．D．Uncaring．

2．（2017江苏）

OldProblem¸NewApproaches

Whilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife¸globalwarningwillcontinueforsomedecadesafterCO2emissions（排放）peak．Soevenifemissionsweretobegintodecreasetoday¸wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimatechange．HereIwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimateadaptation．

Whenitcomestoadaptation¸itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess．Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard¸buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions．Thisiswhy¸inpartatleast¸theUSNationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat:

“Thereisno‘one-sizefitsall’adaptation．”Nevertheless¸therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskorcost．

Aroundtheworld¸peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways¸especiallyinsomepoorcountries．FloodshavebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades．MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster．Hisnot-for-profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserveasfloatinglibraries¸schools¸andhealthclinics¸andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommunicatingfacilities．Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity（连体）toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways．Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel:

hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondspreventstarvationduringthewetseason．

ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken．ChewangNorphellivesinamountainousregioninIndia¸whereheisknownastheIceMan．Thelossofglaciers（冰川）thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture．Withouttheglaciers¸waterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhenitcandamagecrops．Norphel’sinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinter¸whenitwasnotneeded．Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze¸andwasstoreduntilthespring．Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectlytimedirrigation（灌溉）water．Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves¸Norphelcalculatesthathehasstoredabout200,000m3ofwater．Climatechangeisacontinuingprocess¸soNorphel’sicereserveswillnotlastforever．Warmingwillovertakethem．Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill¸perhaps¸beabletofindothermeansofadapting．

IncreasingEarth’sreflectivenesscancooltheplanet．InsouthernSpainthesuddenincreaseofgreenhouses（whichreflectlightbacktospace）haschangedthewarmingtrendlocally¸andactuallycooledtheregion．WhileSpainasawholeisheatingupquickly¸temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased．Thisexampleshouldactasaninspirationforallcities．Bypaintingbuildingswhite¸citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess．

InPeru¸localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice．Theoutcomeisstillfarfromclear．ButtheWorldBankhasincludedtheprojectonitsof“100ideastosavetheplanet”．

Moreordinaryformsofadaptationarehappeningeverywhere．AfriendofmineownsanareaoflandinwesternVictoria．Overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeentoowetforcropping．Butduringthepastdecadedecliningrainfallhasallowedhimtoplanthighlyprofitablecrops．Farmersinmanycountriesarealsoadaptinglikethis—eitherbygrowingnewproduce¸orbygrowingthesamethingsdifferently．Thisiscommonsense．Butsomesuggestionsforadaptingarenot．Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe’velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt¸it’sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual．

Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinaryandastonishingways．Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution．Afterall¸ifweadaptinthatway¸wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers．

65．TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2implies．

A．adaptationisanever-changingprocess

B．thecostofadaptationvarieswithtime

C．globalwarmingaffectsadaptationforms

D．adaptationtoclimatechangeischallenging

66．WhatisspecialwithregardtoRezwan’sproject?

A．Theprojectreceivesgovernmentsupport．

B．Differentorganizationsworkwitheachother．

C．Hisorganizationmakesthebestofabadsituation．

D．Theprojectconnectsfloodedroadsandhighways．

67．WhatdidtheIceMandotoreducetheeffectofglobalwarming?

A．Storingiceforfutureuse．

B．Protectingtheglaciersfrommelting．

C．Changingtheirrigationtime．

D．Postponingthemeltingoftheglaciers．

68．WhatdowelearnfromthePeruexample?

A．Whitepaintisusuallysafeforbuildings．

B．Theglobalwarmingtreadcannotbestopped．

C．Thiscountryisheatinguptooquickly．

D．Sunlightreflectionmayrelieveglobalwarming．

69．Accordingtotheauthor¸pollutingindustriesshould．

A．adapttocarbonpollutionB．planthighlyprofitablecrops

C．leavecarbonemissionaloneD．fightagainstcarbonpollution

70．What’stheauthor’spreferredsolutiontoglobalwarming?

A．Settingupanewstandard．B．Reducingcarbonemission．

C．Adaptingtoclimatechange．D．Monitoringpollutingindustries．

3．（2016北京）

CaliforniaCondor’sShockingRecovery

CaliforniacondorsareNorthAmerica’slargestbirds¸withwind-lengthofupto3meters．Inthe1980s,electricallinesandleadpoisoning（铅中毒）nearlydrovethemtodyingout．Now,electricshocktrainingandmedicaltreatmentarehelpingtorescuethesebigbirds．

Inthelate1980s,thelastfewcondorsweretakenfromthewildtobebred（繁殖）．Since1992¸therehavebeenmultiplereintroductionstothewild¸andtherearenowmorethan150flyingoverCaliforniaandnearbyArizona,UtahandBajainMexico．

Electricallineshavebeenkillingthemoff．“Astheygointorestforthenight,theyjustdon’tseethepowerlines,”saysBruceRideoutofSanDiegoZoo．Theirwingscanbridgethegapbetweenlines,resultinginelectrocution（电死）iftheytouchtwolinesatonce．

Soscientistshavecomeupwithashockingidea．Tallpoles,placedinlargetrainingareas,teachthebirdstostayclearofelectricallinesbygivingthemapainfulbutundeadlyelectricshock．Beforethetrainingwasintroduced¸66%ofset-freedcondorsdiedofelectrocution．Thishasnowdroppedto18%．

Leadpoisonoushasprovedmoredifficulttodealwith．Whencondorseatdeadbodiesofotheranimalscontaininglead,theyabsorblargequantitiesoflead．Thisaffectstheirnervoussystemsandabilitytoproducebabybirds,andcanleadtokidney（肾）failuresanddeath．SocondorswithhighlevelsofleadaresenttoLosAngelesZoo,wheretheyaretreatedwithcalciumEDTA,achemicalthatremovesleadfromthebloodoverseveraldays．Thisworkisstartingtopayoff．Theannualdeathrateforadultcondorshasdroppedfrom38%in2000to5.4%in2011．

Rideout’steamthinksthattheCaliforniacondors’averagesurvivaltimeinthewildisnowjustundereightyears．“Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,theyarevitalfornow,”hesays．“Theya