免疫介导的周围神经病.ppt

1、神内二病例讨论,Immune mediated neuropathyCIDPMGUS,病例特点,老年男性，慢性病程，反复缓解复发；长期慢性腹泻病史；自1998年2月开始双上肢麻木无力，1999年出现四肢麻木活动无力，症状反复迁延复发，无明确完全缓解期，使用激素和环磷酰胺等有效；查体可见双上肢伸肌肌力-级，双下肢肌力级。四肢肌张力和腱反射低下，双手掌指关节以下、双踝关节以下针刺觉、音叉震动觉减退,肌电图：右胫前肌、右拇短外展肌可见巨大电位，运动和感觉神经传导速度减慢 诱发电位：VEP左侧各波潜伏期延长，BAEP左耳波未引出，SEP双侧P15至N20潜伏期延长，左侧C7、Erbs点及右侧Erbs点

2、波形未引出。双下肢SEP掴窝未引出波形。,病例特点,脑脊液检查：细胞数2600/mm3,WBC2/mm3，生化：Pro76mg/dl,C-Glu3.1mmol/L,C-Cl 124mmol/L；GM1-IgM(+),GM1-IgG(-)。血GM1-IgM 1：200（参考值800），GM1-IgG 1：50（参考值200）。尿本周蛋白阴性,病例特点,血免疫全项均未见异常；颈MRI：C56间盘后突，后缘骨刺压迫脊髓，髓内可见长T2信号,病例特点,定位诊断,周围神经：四肢麻木，针刺觉减退，提示感觉神经小纤维受累；四肢远端音叉觉减退，提示感觉神经大纤维受累；电生理检查出现感觉神经传导速度慢、传导阻滞

3、。四肢以远端为重的运动功能下降，腱反射低下，无病理征，肌电图运动神经传导速度慢，提示运动神经纤维受累。,运动神经元或神经根：电生理检查右胫前肌可见巨大电位，多相电位增多，右拇短外展肌可见巨大电位。,定位诊断,定性诊断,免疫介导的周围神经病IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significanceChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathyParaneoplastic neuropathies,未明意义的单克隆丙球蛋白病（IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undeter

4、mined significance,发病时间大于2年，慢性迁延病程；远端对称性感觉运动神经病；肌电图脱髓鞘改变与运动神经元受累表现；脑脊液 GM1-IgM(+),GM1-IgG(-)激素和环磷酰胺治疗有效。腓肠神经活检：脱髓鞘改变，部分轴索变性，血管周围少量淋巴细胞,A causal relation between demyelinating polyneuropathy and MGUS should be considered in a patient with:(1)Demyelinating polyneuropathy according to the electrodiagno

5、stic ANN criteria for idiopathic CIDP(2)Presence of an M protein(IgM,IgG,or IgA),without evidence of malignant plasma cell dyscrasias like multiple myeloma,lymphoma,Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia,or amyloidosis.(3)Family history negative for neuropathy.(4)Age 30 years,Proposal for criteria for demye

6、linating polyneuropathy associated with MGUS,The relation is definite when the following is present:(1)IgM M protein with anti-MAG antibodiesThe relation is probable when at least three of the following are present in a patient without anti-MAG antibodies:(1)Time to peak of the neuropathy 2 years(2)

7、Chronic slowly progressive course without relapsing or remitting periods(3)Symmetrical distal polyneuropathy(4)Sensory symptoms and signs predominate over motor features,Proposal for criteria for demyelinating polyneuropathy associated with MGUS,Proposal for criteria for demyelinating polyneuropathy

8、 associated with MGUS,A causal relation is unlikely when at least three of the following are present in a patient without anti-MAG antibodies:(1)Median time to peak of the neuropathy is within 1 year(2)Clinical course is relapsing and remitting or monophasic(3)Cranial nerves are involved(4)Neuropath

9、y is asymmetrical(5)Motor symptoms and signs predominate(6)History of preceding infectionPresence of abnormal median SNAP in combination with normal sural SNAP.,CIDP诊断标准(Barohn,1989年),必须标准进行性肌无力(缓慢进展,阶梯性或复发)2个月；对称性上肢或下肢的近端和远端肌无力；腱反射降低或消失。必须排除标准，病人必须无：(1)临床出现纯感觉神经病,色素视网膜炎,药物接触;(2)实验室:低血清胆固醇,卟啉病,低血清B12,CSF中白细胞50(3)电生理:有神经肌肉传递缺陷，肌病或前角细胞疾病(4)神经活检显示血管炎，神经纤维肿胀，Amyloidosis,细胞器病等。,