吉林省职称外语考试理工类模拟试题2.docx

1、吉林省职称外语考试理工类模拟试题2 2009年吉林省职称外语考试理工类模拟试题224、 第三篇DNA fingerprintingDNA is the genetic material found within the cell nuclei of all living things. In mammals the stands of DNA are grouped into structures called chromosomes. With the exception of identical siblings(as in identical twins), the complete D

2、NA of each individual is unique.DNA fingerprinting is sometimes called DNA typing. It is a method of identification that compares bits of DNA. A DNA fingerprint is constructed by first drawing out a DNA sample from body tissue or fluid such as hair, blood, or saliva. The sample is then segmented usi

3、ng enzymes, and the segments are arranged by size. The segments are marked with probes and exposed on X-ray film, where they form a pattern of black bars- the DNA fingerprint. If the DNA fingerprints produced from two different samples match, the two samples probably came from the same person.DNA fi

4、ngerprinting was first developed as an identification technique in 1985. Originally used to detect the presence of genetic diseases, it soon came to be used in criminal investigations and legal affairs. The first criminal conviction base on DNA evidence in the United States occurred in 1998. In crim

5、inal investigations, DNA fingerprints derived from evidence collected at the crime scene are compared to the DNA fingerprints of suspects. Generally, courts have accepted the reliability of DNA testing and admitted DNA test results into evidence. However, DNA fingerprinting is controversial in a num

6、ber of areas: the accuracy of the results, the cost of testing, and the possible misuse of the technique.The accuracy of DNA fingerprinting has been challenged for several reasons. First, because DNA segments rather than complete DNA strands are “fingerprinted”; a DNA fingerprint may not be unique;

7、large-scale research to confirm the uniqueness of DNA fingerprinting test results has not been conducted. In addition, DNA fingerprinting is often done in private laboratories that may not follow uniform testing standards and quality controls. Also, since human beings must interpret the test, human

8、error could lead to false results.DNA fingerprinting is expensive . Suspects who are unable to provide their own DNA to experts may not be able to successfully defend themselves against charges based on DNA evidence.Widespread use of DNA testing for identification purposes may lead to the establishm

9、ent of a DNA fingerprint database.练习1. According to the essay, we can find chromosomesA. in a fish.B. in a tree.C. in a sheep.D. in a rock.2. DNA fingerprinting is more often used forA. obtaining samples of chromosomes.B. providing evidence in court investigations.C. proving the horse to be a mammal

10、.D. printing books about biology.3. When your brother looks exactly like you, your complete DNA may beA. exactly like his.B. totally different from his.C. unique.D. lost.标准答案： C,B,A27、 第6部分：完型填空 (每题1分，共15分)阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，并涂在答题卡相应的位置上。What Is Anthrax?Theres been a

11、 lot of talk about anthrax on the news lately. Some people are worried that anthrax may be connected to terrorist attacks or that terrorists may spread the germ that _1_ the disease. Federal officials and police are investigating this and taking measures to protect us.In the meantime, its important

12、not to panic over anthrax. The chances that you and your family _2_at risk are very tiny. One of the ways you can feel better is to learn about anthrax. When you know what it is and _3_you can get it, it doesnt seem quite as scary.So, what_4_is anthrax?Here are the facts on anthrax:Anthrax is a bact

13、erial infection caused by a germ. Although its most common in farm _5_, like sheep, cows, pigs, horses, and goats, theres a very small chance that people can get it, too.Anthrax spores (a version of the germ in a protective shell that can live in the soil for years) cause the disease.People may get

14、anthrax if they are exposed to anthrax _6_. But heres the important part: just being exposed to these spores doesnt mean that a person will get _7_.For people to get sick, they would have to breathe in thousands of these spores all the way into their _8_. Or theyd have to eat meat contaminated with

15、anthrax or handle _9_ that has anthrax spores. This may sound scary, but even when people come _10_contact with the spores, its unlikely that theyll get sick. _11_the bacteria do not get into the skin, digestive tract, or lung, the disease wont develop.Anthrax is not spread from person person to per

16、son they way the flu can spread from family member to _12_member or classmate to classmate.Anthrax is very rare. Until recently, anthrax wasnt even talked about because it was so rare and it still _13_! Even with all of the anthrax cases you are hearing about right now(and many of these suspected ca

17、ses will turn out not to be anthrax), a persons chances of getting anthrax are about the _14_as they were before you heard about anthrax on the news very, very low.If you still feel scared when you hear about anthrax, remember that its extremely unlikely that you or your family or anyone you know wi

18、ll ever be _15_ to anthrax spores.练习：1.A)raisesB)causesC)bringsD)lifts2.A)areB)lookC)poseD)turn3.A)thatB)whatC)howD)whom4.A)namelyB)franklyC)actuallyD)exactly5.A)placesB)animalsC)householdsD)insects标准答案： B,A,C,D,B28、6.A)germsB)infectionsC)risksD)spores7.A)sickB)frightenedC)hitD)worse8.A)stomachB)lun

19、gC)mouthD)skin9.A)somethingB)anything一、单选题(词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分) 。下面共有l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。)1、Sally likes to tease her brother about his girl friends.A) charmB) laugh atC) criticizeD) respect标准答案： b2、Americas emphasis on the importance of education for everyon

20、e has spurred scientific research.A) encouragedB) endangeredC) endorsedD) enlarged标准答案： a3、You have to follow the guide whose sole interest is to cover all spots according to his strict schedule.A) obviousB) simpleC) onlyD) assumed标准答案： c4、In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would

21、break away from the Union.A) strangeB) certainC) inconsistentD) proper标准答案： b5、Techniques to harness the energy of the sun are being developed.A) convertB) storeC) utilizeD)receive标准答案： c6、First editions of certain popular books cannot be obtained for love or money.A) at any placeB) at any priceC) i

22、n any languageD) in any country标准答案： b7、In a bullfight, it is the movement, not the color, of objects that arouses the bull.A) confusesB) excitesC) scaresD) diverts标准答案： b8、Sulfur has occasionally been found in the earth in an almost pure state.A) regularlyB) accidentallyC) sometimesD) successfully标

23、准答案： c9、Many fine cooks insist on ingredients(成分) of the highest quality.A) demandB) rely onC) prepare forD) create标准答案： a10、The company recommended that a new petrol station(should) be built here.A) orderedB) insistedC) suggestedD) demanded标准答案： c11、 It hard for the young people to imagine what sev

24、ere conditions their parents once lived under.A) sincereB) hardC) strictD) tight标准答案： b12、They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means.A) solveB)determineC) untieD)complete标准答案： a13、The police contended that the difficulties they faced were too severe.A) arguedB) predictedC) saidD) suggested标

25、准答案： a14、He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress.A) despairB) difficultyC)needD)danger标准答案： d15、The most pressing problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.A)puzzlingB) difficultC) terrifyingD) urgent标准答案： d二、匹配题 ()16、Privacy worry may keep HIV patients fro

26、m therapyPatients infected with HIV are often concerned about the confidentiality of their HIV-positive status. In fact, some patients are so worried that they will actually give up treatment to prevent the release of this information, according to a report published in the August issue of AIDS Care

27、.Dr. Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein and colleagues from Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, studied the confidentiality issues of 15 HIV infected patients from rural North Carolina locations. They were divided into groups designed to explore their attitudes toward, and experiences with, breaches in

28、confidentiality.“The fear of a breach in confidentiality is definitely affecting the care that HIV-infected patients receive,” Whetten-Goldstein said. “Most studied patients had experienced or knew someone who had experienced a breach in confidentiality.”“Two types of breaches occurred,” Whetten-Gol

29、dstein noted.” The first was a more obvious type of breach. One example was a nurse who told her child that her patient was HIV-positive out of concern that her child would play with the patients child. ”“The other type of breach was more subtle, one that providers might not consider breaches,” Whet

30、ten-Goldstein explained. “This type of breach involves providers talking about a patients HIV status without the patients knowledge of the interaction.”“The law allows the sharing of information between providers within the same institution, but patients consent must be obtained before providers at different institutions can share information,” she pointed out.“Patients in the study wanted providers to tell them when they are going to share information with other