汉英对照法律专业词汇.docx

1、汉英对照法律专业词汇民商事通用语1、 民法通则： General Principles of the Civil Law2、 民事权益：civil rights and interests3、 平等主体：civil subjects with equal status4、 财产关系和人身关系：property relationships and personal relationships5、 等价有偿：making compensation for equal value6、 诚实信用：honesty and credibility7、 适用中国法律：be governed by the l

2、aw of PRC （The law of PRC shall apply to）8、 法律另有规定：otherwise stipulated by law9、 无国籍人：stateless persons10、 民事权利能力：the capacity for civil rights11、 完全民事权利能力：full capacity for civil conduct12、 限制民事行为能力人：a person with limited capacity for civil conduct13、 无民事行为能力人：a person having no capacity for civil

3、conduct14、 法定代理人： agent ad litem15、 代理民事活动：be represented in civil activities by16、 监护人：guardian17、 户籍所在地：the place where his residence is registered18、 住所：domicile19、 经常居住地：habitual residence20、 居民委员会：the neighborhood committee21、 村民委员会：the village committee22、 民政部门：the civil affairs department23、

4、履行监护职责：fulfill duty of guardianship24、 承担责任：be held responsible25、 造成财产损失：cause any property loss26、 宣告为无（限制）民事行为能力人：declare to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct27、 下落不明 ones whereabouts have been unknown28、 个体工商户：individual businesses29、 农村承包经营户：leaseholding farm

5、households30、 个人合伙：individual partnership31、 合伙人：partnerss32、 承担民事责任：bear civil liability for33、 按照出资比例：in proportion to ones respective contributions to the investment34、 承担连带责任：undertake joint liability for35、 追偿：claim compensation from36、 法人： legal person37、 法人组织章程：the articles of association of

6、the legal person38、 主要办事机构：the main administrative office39、 全民所有制企业：an enterprise owned by the whole people40、 集体所有制企业：an enterprise under collective ownership41、 经主管机关核准登记：approved and registered by the competent authority42、 工商行政管理机关：the administrative agency for industry and commerce43、 核准登记的经营范

7、围：within the range approved and registered44、 企业法人分立、合并：the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person45、 权利和义务：the rights and obligations46、 办理注销登记：cancel the registration47、 企业法人解散：disbanding of an enterprise as legal person48、 企业法人被撤销：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person49、

8、事业单位：institution50、 社会团体：social organization51、 经济实体：economic entity52、 取得法人资格：be qualified as a legal person53、 意思表示真实：the intention expressed is genuine54、 擅自变更或者解除（民事法律行为）：alter or rescind ones act arbitrarily55、 以欺诈、胁迫的手段：as a result of cheating or coercion56、 乘人之危：take advantage of ones unfavor

9、able position57、 以合法形式掩盖非法目的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which conceal illegitimate purposes58、 具有法律约束力：be legally binding59、 请求人民法院或者仲裁机关予以变更：request a peoples court or an arbitration agency to alter60、 恶意串通：conspire maliciously61、 有过错的一方：the erring party62、 附条件的民事法律行为：conditional ci

10、vil juristic acts63、 委托代理：entrusted agency64、 法定代理：statutory agency65、 指定代理：appointed agency66、 委托代理人：an entrusted agent67、 被代理人：the principal68、 行使代理权：exercise the power of agency69、 采用书面形式：in writing70、 超越代理权：beyond the scope of ones power of agency71、 代理权终止：the expiration of ones power of agency7

11、2、 本人名义：in ones name73、 查封、扣押、冻结、没收：seize， encroach upon， privately divide， destroy or illegally seal up， distrain， freeze or confiscate74、 财产继承权：the right of inheritance75、 优先购买的权利：a right of pre-emption76、 埋藏物、隐藏物：buried or concealed object77、 遗失物、漂流物：lost-and-found objects， flotsam78、 买卖、出租、抵押、转让

12、：be sold， leased， mortgaged or transferred79、 设立、变更、终止民事关系：establish， change or terminate civil relationship80、 按照确定的份额分享权力：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit81、 按照确定的份额分担义务：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt82、 享有连带权利的每个债权人：each of th

13、e joint creditors83、 负有连带义务的每个债务人：each of the joint debtors84、 有权向债务人追偿：have the right to claim repayment from the debtor85、 提供一定的财产作为抵押物：offer a specific property as a pledge 86、 以抵押物折价或者以变卖抵押物的价款优先得到偿还：to keep the pledge to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the procee

14、ds from the sale of the pledge87、 给付定金：leave a deposit with the other party88、 双倍返还定金：repay the deposit in double89、 占有人有权留置该财产：the possessor shall have a lien on the property90、 将合同的权利、义务全部或部分转让给第三人：transfer all or part of its contractual rights or obligations to a third party91、 取得不当得利：profits acq

15、uired improperly and without a lawful basis 92、 无因管理：act as manager or provide services in order to protect another persons interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so法理、法制史、宪法Jurisprudence， History of Legal Systems and Constitution按照法律规定according to law按照确定的份额分享权力：be entitl

16、ed to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit按照确定的份额分担义务：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt案例教学法case system案例汇编case book； case report； law report柏拉图 Plato保护人权与基本自由公约（1950） Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms被视为be deemed

17、as被宣布为非法be outlawed； be declared illegal比较法comparative law比较法学comparative jurisprudence比较法学派school of comparative jurisprudence比较法制史 comparative legal history比较分析法method of comparative analysis比较刑法comparative penal law比较刑法学comparative penal jurisprudence必然因果关系positive causal relationship边缘法学borderli

18、ne jurisprudence变通办法adaptation； accommodation补充规定supplementary provision补救办法remedial measures不成文法unwritten law不成文宪法unwritten constitution不动产所在地法律 law of the place where the real property is situated； 不可分割的权利impartible right不可抗力 force majeure不可侵犯性inviolability不可让与性inalienability不履行法律义务non-performance

19、 of obligation不要式行为informal act不要因的法律行为non-causal juristic act不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptible right不作为abstain from an act； act of omission部门法department law部门规章regulation参照 consult参照具体情况 in the light of actual conditions参照原文 consult the original查士丁尼法典 Code Justinian； 超出法律范围的 outside of law超出法律权限的 extralega

20、l超过权限 exceed authority； beyond jurisdiction成文法 written law成文宪法written constitution冲突法 conflict of laws； rules of conflict冲突规则 conflict rule； rule of conflict除（本法）另有规定外 except for otherwise stipulated （by this law）除外条款 provisory clause除外责任条款 exclusion clause触犯公共利益 encroach on the public interests触犯国际

21、利益 go against the states interests触犯人民利益 encroach on the interests of the people； go against the peoples interests传统法律观念 traditional ideas of law纯粹法学 pure theory of law次要法规 by law次要规则 secondary rule从宽解释原则 doctrine of liberal construction从权利 accessory right达到法定年龄 come of age大法 the fundamental law大法官L

22、ord High Chancellor大法官法院Court of Chancery大陆法系Continental Legal System大律师barrister大明律Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty（中）大陪审团 grand jury大清律例the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty （中）大宪章（1215） Great Charter， 1215（英）单行法规specific regulations单一法律体系unitary legal system单一制政府unitary government但书proviso当代法学动向c

23、urrent trend of jurisprudence当然解释 natural interpretation党纪国法party discipline and the law of the country道德规范norm of morality道德义务 moral obligation德国民法典German Civil code德拉古 Draco地方各级人民代表大会 local peoples congresses at different levels地方各级人民法院local peoples courts at different levels地方各级人民检察院local peoples

24、 procuratorates at different levels地方各级人民政府local peoples governments at different levels第二读second reading第三读 third reading二元论the dualistic theory二元君主立宪制 dual constitutional monarchy system二元论 the dualistic theory二元论者dualist二元制 bicameral system法的本质 the nature of law法的变化changes of law法的定义definition of

25、 law法的发展development of law法的分类 divisions of law法的概念concepts of law法的规范作用normalized usage of law法的继承succession of law法的精神 spirit of law法的可预测性foreseeability of law法的类型types of law法的历史类型的更替 the replacement of one historical mode of law by another法的历史渊源 historical origin of law法的连续性continuity of law法的内容

26、contexts of law法的社会作用 social usage of law法的生效operation of law法的实现realization of law法的特征character of law法的现象legal phenomenon法的消亡 withering away of law法的形式渊源formal source of law法的要素elements of law法的渊源source of law法的职能function of law法的作用role of law法典code； statute book法典编纂 codification of codes法定成年人的年龄a

27、ge of majority； legal age法定程序legal procedure法定处罚statutory penalty法定代理人： agent ad litem法定解释statutory interpretation法定量刑情节 legally prescribed circumstances of sentencing法定年龄 legal age； lawful age法定年龄限制 a statutory age limit法定期间 prescribed time法定期限 legal term法定权利 legal right； right entitled by law法定权限

28、limits of power prescribed by law法定人数 quorum法定日 appointed day法定时间 appointed time法定时效 statutory prescription法定条件 legal condition法定限制 statutory restrictions法定效力 statutory force法定刑 legally-prescribed punishment法定形式 legal form法定责任 statutory duty法定追溯期 time of legal memory法定最高刑 maximum statutory penalty；

29、maximum statutory sentence法官 judge法官的自由裁量权 judges power of discretion法官权力范围 extent of judges power法官心证 judges mental impression法官中立原则 Nemo debt esse judex in propria causa法规编纂 condification of laws and regulations法规的解释 interpretation of statutes法规汇编 corpus of the laws and regulations法国民法典Code Civile de Francais （法）法理 jurisprudence； principle of law法理学家 jurisprudent法律保护 legal protection法律编纂 codification法律标准 legal standards法律补救 legal redress法律部门 legal department法律草案 draft regulations法律措施 legal measures法律大全 Corpus legume法律的本土化和改写 the localizatio