MetalAlloy金属合金中国材料研究学会.docx

1、MetalAlloy金属合金中国材料研究学会Vol.88,2015*E-Material*Metal Alloy*Organic & Polymer*Composite Materials*Practical Application*Tech News & New TechMCanxixun Information and News ServiceMCanxixun Information and News ServiceContentsTech News & New Tech（技术前沿） 3New process forms 3-D shapes from flat sheets of gr

2、aphene 3新工艺将扁平的石墨烯薄片变成三维形状 4Theory turns to reality for nonlinear optical metamaterials 5非线性光学超材料理论变为现实 6New formula to speed development of modern materials 7新方法加速现代材料发展 8Metal Alloy（金属合金） 10Fundamental observation of spin-controlled electrical conduction in metals 10金属的自旋控制导电性的基本观察 11Simplifying t

3、he recycling of rare-earth magnets 12简化稀土磁体回收 13Pointing the way to crack-resistant metals 14研究抗裂金属的方法 15Composite Materials（复合材料） 16Composite Moulding Times Reduced by Advanced Manufacturing Breakthrough 16先进制造业突破缩短复合材料成型时间 17BGF Industries Releases Innovative Thermoplastic Composite Material 17BGF

4、 Industries公司发布创新型热塑性复合材料 18Practical Application（实际应用） 18Nanowires could be the LEDs of the future 18纳米线有望打造未来LED 19Making clothes out of gelatin could reduce agricultural waste 20利用明胶制作服装，减少农业废弃物 20Mantis shrimp inspires new body armor 21螳螂虾激发新型防弹衣的研发 21Inkjet inks made of silk could yield smart b

5、andages 22丝绸制作的喷墨油墨可生产智能绷带 23Imec claims more important breakthroughs in commercialisation of perovskite thin-film 23Imec称钙钛矿薄膜商业化的更多“重要突破” 24Organic & Polymer（有机高分子材料） 25Improving insulation materials, down to wetting crossed fibres 25浸润交叉纤维，提高隔热材料性能 25Chemists characterize 3-D macroporous hydrogel

6、s 26化学家表征3-D大孔水凝胶的特性 27Physicists shatter stubborn mystery of how glass forms 28物理学家揭开玻璃形成之谜团 28E-Material（电子材料） 29Making a better semiconductor 29制造更好的半导体 30New conductive ink for electronic apparel 31用于电子服装的新型导电油墨 32Discovery paves way for new superconducting electronics 33新型超导电子产品新发现 35A simple y

7、et clever way to boost chip speeds 36提高芯片速度的一种简单而聪明的方法 37Tech News & New Tech（技术前沿）New process forms 3-D shapes from flat sheets of graphene This study demonstrates graphene integration to a variety of different microstructured geometries, including pyramids, pillars, domes, and inverted pyramids.Re

8、searchers from the Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have developed a new approach for forming 3-D shapes from flat, 2-D sheets of graphene, paving the way for future integrated systems of graphene-MEMS hybrid devices and flexible electronics.“To the best of our knowledge, this study is the firs

9、t to demonstrate graphene integration to a variety of different microstructured geometries, including pyramids, pillars, domes, inverted pyramids, and the 3-D integration of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)/graphene hybrid structures,” explained SungWoo Nam, an assistant professor of mechanical science an

10、d engineering at Illinois. “The flexibility and 3-D nature of our structures will enable intimate biosensing devices which can be conformed to the shape and characteristics of human skin and other biological systems. The 3-D protruding micro-structures can also achieve enhanced sensitivity by maximi

11、zing the effective contact area between the sensors and non-flat surfaces.“We also expect that our new 3-D integration approach will facilitate advanced classes of hybrid devices between microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and 2-D materials for sensing and actuation.”Graphene, a 2-D honeycomb latt

12、ice of sp2-bonded carbon atoms, has been widely studied due to its high carrier mobility, chemical inertness, and biocompatibility. To date, various reported methods of graphene transfer have been mostly limited to planar or curvilinear surfaces due to the challenges associated with fractures from l

13、ocal stress during transfer onto 3-D microstructured surfaces.“Our method utilizes wet-transfer and adaptive substrate-engineering, providing several key advantages over other fabrication/integration methods of 3-D graphene,” stated Jonghyun Choi, a graduate student in Nams research group and first

14、author of the article appearing in Nano Letters. “Our results demonstrate a simple, versatile, and scalable method to integrate graphene with 3-D geometries with various morphologies and dimensions. Not only are these 3-D features larger than those reported in previous works, but we also demonstrate

15、 the uniformity and damage-free nature of integrated graphene around the 3-D features.”The researchers robust approach to integrate graphene onto 3-D microstructured surfaces maintains the structural integrity of graphene, where the out-of-plane dimensions of the 3-D features vary from 3.5 to 50 m.

16、The process incorporates three sequential steps: 1.) substrate swelling using a solvent that 2.) shrinks during the evaporation process, allowing graphene to 3.) adapt, or conform to the shape of a prepared substrate, to achieve damage-free, large area integration of graphene on 3-D microstructures.

17、“Our swelling, shrinking, and adaptation steps are optimized to minimize the degree of graphene suspension around the 3D microstructures and facilitate successful 3-D integration,” Nam added. “We control the amount of substrate swelling by adjusting the time of immersion in organic solvent and the m

18、ixing ratios of monomer and curing agent of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate.”Detailed scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electrical resistance measurement studies show that the amount of substrate swelling, as well as the flexural rigidities of t

19、he transfer film, affect the integration yield and quality of the integrated graphene. To demonstrate the versatility of their approach, the researchers applied the process to a variety of 3-D microstructured geometries, as well as integrating hybrid structures of graphene decorated with gold nanopa

20、rticles onto 3-D microstructure substrates, demonstrating the compatibility of the integration method with other hybrid nanomaterials.Source: Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign新工艺将扁平的石墨烯薄片变成三维形状该研究证明石墨烯集成了各种不同微观结构的几何体，包括椎体、柱体、拱形和倒金字塔形。来自美国伊利诺伊大学香槟分校的研究人员开发出一种新的方法，可以将石墨烯扁平的二维薄片变成三维形状，为未来石墨烯微电子机械系统混合

21、装置和灵活电子器件的集成系统铺平了道路。“据我们所知，该研究首次证明石墨烯集成各种不同微观结构几何体，包括椎体、柱体、拱形和倒金字塔形，以及三维金纳米粒子（AuNPs）/石墨烯混合结构的三维集成。” 伊利诺伊大学机械科学与工程系助理教授SungWoo Nam解释说。“我们这种结构的灵活性和三维特征将用于符合人类皮肤和其他生物系统外形和特征的亲密生物传感设备。三维突出的微观结构也通过最大化传感器和不平整的表面的有效接触面积提高了灵敏度。”“我们也预计这种新型三维集成方法将为微电子机械系统(MEMS)和用于感知与驱动的二维材料之间的高级混合设备提供便利。” 石墨烯是一种sp2杂化的碳原子二维蜂巢晶

22、格，它因具有较高的载流子迁移率、化学惰性和生物相容性而被广泛研究。迄今为止，由于与三维微观结构表面转移过程中局部压力引起的断裂有关的难题，各种报道的石墨烯转移方法主要限于二维或曲面。“我们的方法利用湿式转移方法和自适应基板工程，提供优于其他三维石墨烯制造/集成方法的几种重要优势。”Jonghyun Choi说，他是Nam研究小组的一名研究生，也是刊登于纳米快报（Nano Letters）文章的第一作者。“我们的结果展示了一种石墨烯和各种形态、尺寸的三维几何图形集成的简单、通用和可扩展的方法。不只是这些三维特征超出了之前报道的研究成果，我们也证明了围绕三维特征的集成石墨烯的均匀性和无损性。”研究

23、人员将石墨烯集成到三维微观结构表面的鲁棒方法保持了石墨烯的完整性，三维特性的平面外大小范围为3.5- 50m。这一过程包含三个连续步骤：1）采用一种溶剂使基质膨胀2）蒸发的过程中溶剂收缩，使得石墨烯3）适应或符合准备好的基质的形状，实现石墨烯无损、大面积地整合到三维微观结构上。“我们的膨胀、收缩和适应步骤经过优化，可以最小化三维微观结构周围石墨烯悬浮的程度并使三维集成顺利进行。”Nam补充说。“我们通过调整浸入有机溶剂的时间和单体与聚二甲硅氧烷(PDMS)基质固化剂的掺杂比例来控制基质的膨胀量。”详细的扫描电子显微技术、原子力显微技术、拉曼光谱学和电阻测量研究显示，基质膨胀量以及抗弯刚度转移膜

24、会影响集成石墨烯的集成产量与品质。为证明他们这种方法的通用性，研究人员将这一过程应用于各种三维微观结构集合体，也将金纳米粒子装饰的石墨烯混合结构集成到三维微观结构基质上，证明集成方法与其他杂化纳米材料的相容性。来源：伊利诺伊大学香槟分校Theory turns to reality for nonlinear optical metamaterialsA research team has realized one of the long-standing theoretical predictions in nonlinear optical metamaterials: creation

25、of a nonlinear material that has opposite refractive indices at the fundamental and harmonic frequencies of light. Such a material, which doesnt exist naturally, had been predicted for nearly a decade.Observation of “backward phase matching”a phenomenon also known as the “nonlinear mirror”provided p

26、roof that this new type of metamaterial had been created. Demonstration of the phenomenon was reported by researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology in a paper published in Nature Materials.Though by itself the discovery may have few immediate practical applications, realization of a materia

27、l that had been predicted by theorists is a milestone that could lead to new areas of study, and prompt a re-evaluation of the fundamental rules governing nonlinear optics.“Nonlinear optics is critically important to controlling light for information processing, sensing and signal generation,” said

28、Wenshan Cai, an associate professor in Georgia Techs School of Electrical and Computer Engineering who led the research team. “Our effort substantially expands the scope of nonlinear light-matter interactions in artificially structured media with engineered, unconventional linear and high-order mate

29、rial parameters.”Engineered metamaterials offer unique properties not available in natural materials. This is especially useful in nonlinear optics, where materials with unconventional properties could make a difference anywhere light must be actively controlled. Researchers at multiple institutions

30、 have already created optical metamaterials that could be used to produce more efficient solar cells, faster computer chips, improved sensorsand even cloaking to permit invisibility.“The linear responses of metamaterials have substantially augmented the linear properties available from naturally-occ

31、urring materials,” noted Cai, who also holds a faculty position in the Georgia Tech School of Materials Science and Engineering. “In the same way, the studies of nonlinear metamaterials may have a revolutionary impact on the field of nonlinear optics. The unconventional electromagnetic parameters ma

32、de possible by metamaterials will provoke us to rethink and re-evaluate many of the established rules of nonlinear optics.”Metamaterials obtain their properties from a repeated unit structure rather than the constituent materials. At the frequency range between visible and infrared light, subwavelength metallic structures can serve as building blocksessentially “meta-atoms”to create optical materials with properties that have not been available in the past.Experimentally, the researcher