届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之三十一15页word 版.docx

1、届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之三十一15页word 版2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之三十一一 Inside a secured room in a beautiful castle near Paris, a small metal cylinder (圆柱体) rests on a shelf beneath a double set of bell jars. It has lain there for more than a century, its rest only occasionally disturbed when the rooms thr

2、ee key holders perform a coordinated opening ceremony to let technicians enter and clean this precious piece of metal. First, the cylinder is rubbed with a piece of soft, alcohol-soaked cloth. Then it is steamed with pure water. Finally, the 1kg cylinder is returned, carefully, to its resting place.

3、 Such attention to a lump of metal is unusual, but has a purpose. The castle houses the International Bureau of Weights and Measures and that piece of shining, circular metal is its holiest relic. It is the defining mass (质量) against which all other kilograms are measured. This is the international

4、prototype, or standard, of the kilogram. The IPK, in short. Dozens of carefully weighted copies of the original have been made. They are stored around the world and used to standardise individual nations weights and measures systems. But the days of the IPK, in its current form, are numbered. The In

5、ternational Bureau of Weights and Measures has decided to replace this single physical specimen with a more fundamental measurement based on electric current in order to define the mass of an object. The king of kilograms is about to be dethroned. “One key reason for doing this work is to provide in

6、ternational security,” says Bureau spokesman Paul Robinson. “If the castle burned down tomorrow and the kilogram was destroyed, we would have no reference left for the worlds metric weights system. There would be chaos. The current definition of the kilogram is the weight of that cylinder in Paris,

7、after all.” Another major motivation for the replacement of the IPK is the growing need to be able to carry out more and more precise measurements. “Drug companies will soon be wanting to use ingredients that will have to be measured in terms of a few millionths or even billionths of a gram,” says R

8、obinson. “We need to be prepared to weigh substances with that kind of accuracy.”32. What do we know about the IPK from the first two paragraphs? A. Its cared for with great devotion. B. Its used in religious ceremonies. C. Its beautifully designed and decorated. D. Its the most valuable metal in th

9、e world.33. Which of the following best explains “dethroned” underlined in paragraph 5? A. rebuilt B. removed C. destroyed D. upgraded34. What is a reason for replacing the current IPK? A. To protect the metal cylinder from damage. B. To make taking measurements more economical. C. To provide all co

10、untries with the same standard. D. To satisfy the increasing demand for exactness.35. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. No more kilos B. A heavy technology C. The future of the kiloD. The history of measures参考答案：32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C 二DSome scientists say that animals in the oceans are

11、increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings. The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the

12、 breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves. Decibels (分贝) measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one hundred and ninetyfive wou

13、ld have the same effect. Some scientists have suggested setting a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in the oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales (鲸鱼). A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously in

14、jure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and

15、 become infected (被感染的). Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds are against a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research. Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean

16、animals. However, many scientists dont think that noise is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean. 32. According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures?Athe sound of cars. Bthe sound of voices.Cm

17、anmade noise pollution.Dthe sound of steps.33According to the passage, natural sounds include all of the following EXCEPT_.Asounds made by animals themselvesBocean drillingCunderwater earthquakesDthe breaking of ice fields34Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph?AThe same noise l

18、evel produces a different effect on land and in the ocean.BDifferent places may have different types of noises.CThe decibel is not a right unit (单位) for measuring underwater noise.DDifferent ocean animals may have different reactions to noises.35According to the passage, what will scientists most pr

19、obably do in the future?AThey will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution.BThey will protect animals from harmful noises.CThey will try to set a limit of 120 decibels. DThey will study the effect of ocean noise pollution. 参考答案：32-35 CBAB三Anyone with a passing interest in their health will be able

20、 to rattle_off a few of the major vitamins, and possibly take an educated guess at what they do. Vitamin C, found in oranges and other fruit and vegetables, is important for wound repair. And the muchtalkedabout sunshine Vitamin D, produced by the skin in response to UV light, is essential for stron

21、g bones.But Vitamin P? It might well have you scratching your head. And thats not surprising: the term was first coined in the 1930s to describe a small group of compounds that provide pigment(天然色素) to plants, and were believed to have health benefits. Fastforward almost a century and these compound

22、s are now better known as flavonoids.Today, scientists have identified between 4，000 and 6，000 different kinds and we now know they are responsible for many of the flavors and smells of fruit and vegetables and also that they protect them from invaders such as pests and bacteria.They are equally imp

23、ortant nutrients for the body, helping maintain bones and teeth, and for the production of the protein collagen(胶原), which provides structure to blood vessels, muscles and skin.They are also said to help the body deal with some of the key drivers of illness, including oxidation(氧化), a natural proces

24、s by which the bodys cells age and can become damaged and defective(有缺陷的). That means they could help to protect against chronic diseases including cancer and heart disease.(A)28. Which of the following best explains “rattle off” underlined in Paragraph 1?A. Quickly say. B. Quickly pass.C. Quickly f

25、ind. D. Quickly take.【解析】rattle sth off 的意思是一口气说出。从第一段后面出现的guess和muchtalkedabout 等词可以做出正确判断。(D)29. What do we know about Vitamin P?A. We would scratch our head if we took it.B. It was made into a coin in the 1930s.C. People didnt think it beneficial in the past.D. It refers to the compounds also cal

26、led flavonoids.【解析】第二段It might well have you scratching your head. 是指它很有可能会让你挠头(冥思苦想)，故A选项错。the term was first coined in the 1930s是指这个术语是20世纪30年代被创造的，故B选项错。从were believed to have health benefits可知C选项错。从 these compounds are now better known as flavonoids可知D选项正确。(B)30. How many functions of Vitamin P

27、for humans are mentioned?A. Four. B. Three.C. Two. D. One.【解析】第一种为： for the body, helping maintain bones and teeth；第二种为：for the production of the protein collagen(胶原)，which provides structure to blood vessels, muscles and skin；第三种为：They are also said to help the body deal with some of the key driver

28、s of illness.That means they could help to protect against chronic diseases including cancer and heart disease.(A)31. How does Vitamin P help slow the aging process?A. By dealing with oxidation.B. By maintaining bones.C. By strengthening muscle.D. By protecting against chronic diseases.【解析】从最后一段incl

29、uding oxidation(氧化), a natural process by which the bodys cells age and can become damaged and defective(有缺陷的)，可知Vitamin P可帮助抗氧化。四The Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of 2 September 1666. In four days it destroyed more than three-quarters of the old city, where most of the houses

30、 were wooden and close together. One hundred thousand people became homeless, but only a few lost their lives.The fire started on Sunday morning in the house of the Kings baker(面包师)in Pudding Lane. The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof. A strong wind b

31、lew the fire from the bakery(面包房)into a small hotel next door. Then it spread quickly into Thames Street. That was the beginning.By eight oclock three hundred houses were on fire. On Monday nearly a kilometer of the city was burning along the River Thames. Tuesday was the worst day. The fire destroy

32、ed many well-known buildings, old St Pauls and the Guildhall among them.Samuel Pepys, the famous writer, wrote about the fire. People threw their things into the river. Many poor people stayed in their houses until the last moment. Birds fell out of the air because of the heat.The fire stopped only when the King finally ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path of the fire. With nothing left to burn, the fire be