届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之三十一15页word 版.docx

届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之三十一15页word 版.docx

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届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之三十一15页word版

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之三十一

[一]

InsideasecuredroominabeautifulcastlenearParis,asmallmetalcylinder（圆柱体）restsonashelfbeneathadoublesetofbelljars.Ithaslainthereformorethanacentury,itsrestonlyoccasionallydisturbedwhentheroom’sthreekeyholdersperformacoordinatedopeningceremonytolettechniciansenterandcleanthispreciouspieceofmetal.

First,thecylinderisrubbedwithapieceofsoft,alcohol-soakedcloth.Thenitissteamedwithpurewater.Finally,the1kgcylinderisreturned,carefully,toitsrestingplace.

Suchattentiontoalumpofmetalisunusual,buthasapurpose.ThecastlehousestheInternationalBureauofWeightsandMeasuresandthatpieceofshining,circularmetalisitsholiestrelic.Itisthedefiningmass（质量）againstwhichallotherkilogramsaremeasured.Thisistheinternationalprototype,orstandard,ofthekilogram.TheIPK,inshort.

Dozensofcarefullyweightedcopiesoftheoriginalhavebeenmade.Theyarestoredaroundtheworldandusedtostandardiseindividualnations’weightsandmeasuressystems.

ButthedaysoftheIPK,initscurrentform,arenumbered.TheInternationalBureauofWeightsandMeasureshasdecidedtoreplacethissinglephysicalspecimenwithamorefundamentalmeasurement–basedonelectriccurrent–inordertodefinethemassofanobject.Thekingofkilogramsisabouttobedethroned.

“Onekeyreasonfordoingthisworkistoprovideinternationalsecurity,”saysBureauspokesmanPaulRobinson.“Ifthecastleburneddowntomorrowandthekilogramwasdestroyed,wewouldhavenoreferenceleftfortheworld’smetricweightssystem.Therewouldbechaos.ThecurrentdefinitionofthekilogramistheweightofthatcylinderinParis,afterall.”

AnothermajormotivationforthereplacementoftheIPKisthegrowingneedtobeabletocarryoutmoreandmoreprecisemeasurements.“Drugcompanieswillsoonbewantingtouseingredientsthatwillhavetobemeasuredintermsofafewmillionthsorevenbillionthsofagram,”saysRobinson.“Weneedtobepreparedtoweighsubstanceswiththatkindofaccuracy.”

32.WhatdoweknowabouttheIPKfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.It’scaredforwithgreatdevotion.

B.It’susedinreligiousceremonies.

C.It’sbeautifullydesignedanddecorated.

D.It’sthemostvaluablemetalintheworld.

33.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dethroned”underlinedinparagraph5?

A.rebuiltB.removedC.destroyedD.upgraded

34.WhatisareasonforreplacingthecurrentIPK?

A.Toprotectthemetalcylinderfromdamage.

B.Tomaketakingmeasurementsmoreeconomical.

C.Toprovideallcountrieswiththesamestandard.

D.Tosatisfytheincreasingdemandforexactness.

35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Nomorekilos

B.Aheavytechnology

C.Thefutureofthekilo

D.Thehistoryofmeasures

参考答案：

32.A33.B34.D35.C

[二]

D

Somescientistssaythatanimalsintheoceansareincreasinglythreatenedbynoisepollutioncausedbyhumanbeings.

Thenoisethataffectsseacreaturescomesfromanumberofhumanactivities.Itiscausedmainlybyindustrialunderwaterexplosions,oceandrillingandshipengines.Suchnoisesareaddedtonaturalsounds.Thesesoundsincludethebreakingoficefields,underwaterearthquakes,andsoundsmadebyanimalsthemselves.

Decibels（分贝）measuredinwateraredifferentfromthosemeasuredonland.Anoiseofonehundredandtwentydecibelsonlandcausespaintohumanears.Inwater,adecibellevelofonehundredandninetyfivewouldhavethesameeffect.

Somescientistshavesuggestedsettinganoiselimitofonehundredandtwentydecibelsintheoceans.Theyhaveobservedthatnoisesatthatlevelcanfrightenandconfusewhales（鲸鱼）.

AteamofAmericanandCanadianscientistsdiscoveredthatloudernoisescanseriouslyinjuresomeanimals.

Theresearchteamfoundthatpowerfulunderwaterexplosionswerecausingwhalesintheareatolosetheirhearing.Thisseriouslyaffectedthewhales'abilitytoexchangeinformationandfindtheirway.Someofthewhalesevendied.Theexplosionshadcausedtheirearstobleedandbecomeinfected（被感染的）.

Manyresearcherswhoseworkdependsonoceansoundsareagainstalimitofonehundredandtwentydecibels.Theysaysuchalimitwouldmeananendtoimportantindustrialandscientificresearch.

Scientistsdonotknowhowmuchandwhatkindsofnoisesareharmfultooceananimals.However,manyscientistsdon'tthinkthatnoiseisagreaterdangerthantheybelieved.Theywanttopreventnoisesfromharmingcreaturesintheocean.

32.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisincreasinglydangeroustoseacreatures?

A．thesoundofcars.B．thesoundofvoices.

C．manmadenoisepollution.D．thesoundofsteps.

33．Accordingtothepassage,naturalsoundsincludeallofthefollowingEXCEPT________.

A．soundsmadebyanimalsthemselves

B．oceandrilling

C．underwaterearthquakes

D．thebreakingoficefields

34．Whichofthefollowingisdiscussedinthethirdparagraph?

A．Thesamenoiselevelproducesadifferenteffectonlandandintheocean.

B．Differentplacesmayhavedifferenttypesofnoises.

C．Thedecibelisnotarightunit（单位）formeasuringunderwaternoise.

D．Differentoceananimalsmayhavedifferentreactionstonoises.

35．Accordingtothepassage,whatwillscientistsmostprobablydointhefuture?

A．Theywillworkhardtoreduceoceannoisepollution.

B．Theywillprotectanimalsfromharmfulnoises.

C．Theywilltrytosetalimitof120decibels.

D．Theywillstudytheeffectofoceannoisepollution.

参考答案：

32---35CBAB

[三]

Anyonewithapassinginterestintheirhealthwillbeabletorattle__offafewofthemajorvitamins,andpossiblytakeaneducatedguessatwhattheydo.VitaminC,foundinorangesandotherfruitandvegetables,isimportantforwoundrepair.Andthemuch－talked－about‘sunshine’VitaminD,prod

ucedbytheskininresponsetoUVlight,isessentialforstrongbones.

ButVitaminP?

Itmightwellhaveyouscratchingyourhead.Andthat'snotsurprising:

thetermwasfirstcoinedinthe1930stodescribeasmallgroupofcompoundsthatprovidepigment（天然色素）toplants,andwerebelievedtohavehealthbenefits.Fast－forwardalmostacenturyandthesecompoundsarenowbetterknownasflavonoids.

Today,scientistshaveidentifiedbetween4，000and6，000differentkindsandwenowknowtheyareresponsibleformanyoftheflavorsandsmellsoffruitandvegetablesandalsothattheyprotectthemfrominvaderssuchaspestsandbacteria.

Theyareequallyimportantnutrientsforthebody,helpingmaintainbonesandteeth,andfortheproductionoftheproteincollagen（胶原）,whichprovidesstructuretobloodvessels,musclesandskin.

Theyarealsosaidtohelpthebodydealwithsomeofthekeydriversofillness,includingoxidation（氧化）,anaturalprocessbywhichthebody'scellsageandcanbecomedamagedanddefective（有缺陷的）.Thatmeanstheycouldhelptoprotectagainstchronicdiseasesincludingcancerandheartdisease.

（A）28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“rattleoff”underlinedinParagraph1?

A.Quicklysay.B.Quicklypass.

C.Quicklyfind.D.Quicklytake.

【解析】rattlesthoff的意思是一口气说出。

从第一段后面出现的guess和much－talked－about等词可以做出正确判断。

（D）29.WhatdoweknowaboutVitaminP?

A.Wewouldscratchourheadifwetookit.

B.Itwasmadeintoacoininthe1930s.

C.Peopledidn'tthinkitbeneficialinthepast.

D.Itreferstothecompoundsalsocalledflavonoids.

【解析】第二段Itmightwellhaveyouscratchingyou

rhead.是指它很有可能会让你挠头（冥思苦想），故A选项错。

thetermwasfirstcoinedinthe1930s是指这个术语是20世纪30年代被创造的，故B选项错。

从werebelievedtohavehealthbenefits可知C选项错。

从thesecompoundsarenowbetterknownasflavonoids可知D选项正确。

（B）30.HowmanyfunctionsofVitaminPforhumansarementioned?

A.Four.B.Three.

C.Two.D.One.

【解析】第一种为：

forthebody,helpingmaintainbonesandteeth；第二种为：

fortheproductionoftheproteincollagen（胶原），whichprovidesstructuretobloodvessels,musclesandskin；第三种为：

Theyarealsosaidtohelpthebodydealwithsomeofthekeydriversofillness.Thatmeanstheycouldhelptoprotectagainstchronicdiseasesincludingcancerandheartdisease.

（A）31.HowdoesVitaminPhelpslowtheagingprocess?

A.Bydealingwithoxidation.

B.Bymaintainingbones.

C.Bystrengtheningmuscle.

D.Byprotectingagainstchronicdiseases.

【解析】从最后一段includingoxidation（氧化）,anaturalprocessbywhichthebody'scellsageandcanbecomedamagedanddefective（有缺陷的），可知VitaminP可帮助抗氧化。

[四]

TheGreatFireofLondonstartedintheveryearlyhoursof2September1666.Infourdaysitdestroyedmorethanthree-quartersoftheoldcity,wheremostofthehouseswerewoodenandclosetogether.Onehundredthousandpeoplebecamehomeless,butonlyafewlosttheirlives.

　　ThefirestartedonSundaymorninginthehouseoftheKing'sbaker（面包师）inPuddingLane.Thebaker,withhiswifeandfamily,wasabletogetoutthroughawindowintheroof.Astrongwindblewthefirefromthebakery（面包房）intoasmallhotelnextdoor.ThenitspreadquicklyintoThamesStreet.Thatwasthebeginning.

　　Byeighto'clockthreehundredhouseswereonfire.OnMondaynearlyakilometerofthecitywasburningalongtheRiverThames.Tuesdaywastheworstday.Thefiredestroyedmanywell-knownbuildings,oldStPaul'sandtheGuildhallamongthem.

　　SamuelPepys,thefamouswriter,wroteaboutthefire.Peoplethrewtheirthingsintotheriver.Manypoorpeoplestayedintheirhousesuntilthelastmoment.Birdsfelloutoftheairbecauseoftheheat.

　　ThefirestoppedonlywhentheKingfinallyorderedpeopletodestroyhundredsofbuildingsinthepathofthefire.Withnothinglefttoburn,thefirebe