版仁爱七年级英语语法上册下册总结.docx

1、版仁爱七年级英语语法上册下册总结七年级英语语法上册下册总结：一、七年级英语语法词法1、名词A）、名词的数可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：1. 在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas2. x, sh, ch, s, ch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, 3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, com

2、edy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, 以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways4. 以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, pianos但如是辅音加o的加 es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯5. 以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves6. 单复数相同

3、（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese7. 一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks8. 单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class 班，同学, family家，家庭成员9. 合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复 数则同时为复数。如：man doc

4、tor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers10. 有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸， 卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼 镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples 民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡11. 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或s。如：Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如 是缩略词则只加

5、s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs12. 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB）名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一）单数在后面加s。如：brothers, Mikes, teachers二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如： Teachers Day教师节, classmates; Childrens Day六一节, Womens

6、Day 三八节三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个s， 但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Bens room迈克和本 的房间（共住一间），Mikes and Bens rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）2、代词项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性 反身代词 I me my mine myself we us our ours ourselves you you your yours yourself you you your yours yourselves she her her hers h

7、erself he him his his himself it it its its itself they them their theirs themselves3、动词A） 第三人称单数-do(does)1. 一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains2. 在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries4. 以元音字母

8、加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys5. 以o结尾加es。如：does, goes6. 特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB） 现在分词-do(doing)1. 一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing2. 以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-

9、taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having3. 以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如 show showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如： put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning4. 以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如tie-tying系die-dying死 lie-lying 位于4、形容词的级比较或最高级形式。1. 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加

10、r或st)。如： greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest2. 以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如 few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。 如big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest3. 以辅音字母y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrie

11、r sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest4. 特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worst little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest5、数词 (基变序，有规则

12、；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、七年级英语语法句式1.陈述句肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词)b) He looks very young. (连系动词)c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)d

13、) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)e) Theres a computer on my desk. (There be结构)否定陈述句 a) These arent their books. B) They dont look nice.c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. D) Kate cant find her doll.e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the m

14、an. B) Lets learn English!c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Dont be late. B) Dont hurry.3. 疑问句1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? B) Can I help you? C) Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV? E) Is she reading?肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. C) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.否定回答: a) No, h

15、e isnt. b) No, you cant. C) No, she doesnt. d) No, they dont. e) No, she isnt.2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 Its big./ Its small.3) 特殊疑问句 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 问方式

16、How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is *. 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? 问时间 Whats the time? (=What time is it?) Its a quarter to ten a.m.What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five oclock.When do you want to go? Lets go at 7:00. 问地方 Wheres my bac

17、kpack? Its under the table. 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.Whats your favourite color? Its black. 问人物 Whos that? Its my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isnt at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 问东西 Whats this/that (in English)? Its a pencil case.What

18、 else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11问姓名 Whats your aunts name? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen.Whats your first name? My first names Ben.Whats your family name? My family names Smith.12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 问字母 What lette

19、r is it? Its big D/small f.14 问价格 How much are these pants? Theyre 15 dollars.15 问电话号码 Whats your phone number? Its 576-8349.16 问谓语(动作) Whats he doing? Hes watching TV.17 问职业(身份) What do you do? Im a teacher.Whats your father? Hes a doctor.三、七年级英语语法时态1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：Be 动词：Shes a

20、worker. Is she a worker? She isnt a worker.情态动词：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I cant play the piano.行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They dont want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesnt have a watch.2

21、、现在进行时 结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它. Im playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? Im not playing baseball. Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isnt writing a letter. Theyre listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They arent listening to the pop music.一 动词be

22、（is,am,are）的用法我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。二this，that和it用法 (1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。 (2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。如： This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处) That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处) (3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this, 后说that。如： This i

23、s a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。 (4)向别人介绍某人时说This is, 不说That is。如： This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆。 (5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如： This is a bike. Thats a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。 (6)打电话时，介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。如： Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐吗？ Yes, this is. Whos that? 是的，

24、我是，你是谁？ I am, Are you？/Who are you? (7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。如： Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗？ Yes, it is. 是的，它是。 Whats that? 那是什么？ Its a kite. 是只风筝。一these和those用法this, that, these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。1This is my bed. That

25、 is Lilys bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。2These pictures are good. 那些画很好。3Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗？4在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如：5Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗？6Yes, they are. 是的，他们是。7四不定冠词a和ana和an都是不定冠词，表示一(个，支，本，块)的意思，但不强调数量概念，而是强调类别，用来限定名词。a用在辅音素开头的单数名词前，如：a pencil(一支铅笔

26、)，a book(一本书)；an用在元音音素开头的名词前，如an eraser(一块橡皮)。如果名词前有修饰语，用a还是用an，则以该修饰语的第一音素决定用a还是用an。如：a clock 一座钟 an old clock 一座旧钟 a book一本书 an English book 一本英语书a nice apple 一个可爱的苹果 an apple 一个苹果五名词s所有格名词s所有格单数名词后直接加 “ s ”Jims coat 吉姆的外套 Jeffs mother杰夫的妈妈以s结尾的复数名词，只加“”Teachers Day教师节 the twins books双胞胎的书不以s结尾的不规

27、则的名词复数，加“ s ”Childrens Day 儿童节 mens shoes男式鞋表示两者共同拥有时，只在最后一个名词后加s表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加sLucy and Lilys mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈，一个妈妈)Lucys and Kates rooms 露茜和凯特的房间（各自的房间，两间房子）六There be句型(1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处（某时）有某人（某物）。”其基本结构为“There be某物（某人）某地（某时）”其中there是引导词，没有词义；主语是be后面的名词， be是谓语动词，在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式

28、。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构：There be放句首，主语跟在后。地、时放句末，强调置前头。如：There is a book on the desk.有时为了强调地点，也可把介词短语放在句首。如：On the desk there is a book.(2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢？请先看看下面这首歌诀：Be动词，有三个，am，is还有are。“There be”真特别，不留am只留俩，那就是is还有are。要用is还是are，须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is，否则就用are。如：There is a tree behind th

29、e house.There is some water（水）in the bottle（瓶子）.There are some pears in the box.(3)注意：如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词，那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说，“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is，是复数就用are。如：There is a book and some pens on the floor.There are some pens and a book on the floor.七like一词的用法like用作及物

30、动词，译为“喜欢”。(1)后接名词或代词，表示喜欢某人或某物。如：I like the baby very much. 我非常喜欢这个小孩。(2)后接动名词(v. -ing)，表示“喜欢做某事”，着重于习惯、爱好。如：Tom likes playing football. 汤姆喜欢踢足球。(3)后接动词不定式(to do )，表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”，着重于某次具体的行为。如：I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜欢读书，但我今晚想看电视。八一般现在时一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作，或表示现在的特征、状态。当主语是非第三人称单数时，行为动词的一般现在时变化形式(见下表)。如： 句式结构例句肯定句主语行为动词原形其他We speak Chinese.否定句主语dont行为动词原形其他We dont speak Chinese.一般疑问句Do主语行为动词原形其他？Do you speak Chinese?肯定回答否定回答Yes，主语