比利时运输物流的经济效应外文翻译.docx

1、比利时运输物流的经济效应外文翻译本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目： Economic Importance of BelgianTransport Logistics 出 处： NBB Working Paper 作 者： Frederic Lagneaux 原 文：Economic Importance of BelgianTransport LogisticsFrederic LagneauxAbstractThis paper is a publication issued by the Microeconomic Analysis service of the National Bank

2、of Belgium.This is the outcome of a first research project on the Belgian transport logistics sectors. In the past few years, the logistics business has turned out to play a significant part in wealth creation in our country, whose economy is driven by services. This study can be seen as an extensio

3、n of Working Paper No. 115 on Belgian ports, issued in May 20071, as the activities under review are closely tied to transport in general and maritime transport in particular.Considering that this is a first attempt to estimate the economic importance of Belgian transport logistics, it was decided t

4、o favour a sectoral approach, by focusing on some freight transport logistics sectors clearly defined in the NACE classification. The impact is presented in two parts: the direct effects and the indirect effects. Furthermore, a short analysis is provided about the economic impact of other activities

5、, such as in-house logistics and European distribution centres. An overview of some developments per sub-sector is provided for the period 2000 - 2005, with the emphasis on 2005. The core of the analysis, which is statistical and therefore not based on a survey, looks more specifically into developm

6、ents in terms of value added, employment, investment and the financial situation of the companies concerned. A first estimate of developments over the 2005 - 2006 period is also provided for value added and employment. Annual accounts data from the Central Balance Sheet Office are used for the calcu

7、lation of direct effects, the study of financial ratios and analysis of the social balance sheet. Also worth mentioning is that the indirect effects of the activities concerned have been estimated in terms of value added and employment, on the basis of data from the NAI (National Accounts Institute)

8、. A comprehensive analysis of the linkages between the sectors under review and the other Belgian sectors is presented.The activities under review accounted for no less than 3.1 p.c. of Belgian GDP and 3.4 p.c. of the countrys domestic employment in 2005. Including indirect effects, these percentage

9、s respectively amounted to 5 and 5.3 p.c. in the same year. Taking some survey data into account, the overall impact would reach roughly 8 p.c. of the Belgian economy, if transport logistics business provided by external branches on the one hand and in-house transport logistics on the other were add

10、ed to these above-mentioned sectoral percentages.This report provides a comprehensive account of these issues, giving information per economic sector.FOREWORDEvery year, the Bank2 publishes an update of its study on the economic importance of the Flemish maritime ports and the Liege port complex. Th

11、at publication provides some useful tools enabling the competent authorities and the public to get a clear picture of the impact Belgian ports have on the entire national economy. There is growing interest in similar research work for the logistics sectors in a country that is increasingly dominated

12、 by services and, therefore, by logistics activities, intertwined with the ports operations and, further, with all transport activities. Belgium is indeed increasingly referred to as a logistics paradise (see below). It is one of the tasks of this report to verify this statement. This competitive ad

13、vantage has to be borne in mind and further capitalised on, in order to embrace the ever faster pace of globalisation and to withstand worldwide competition. This study is aimed to help national and regional decision-makers to better understand the economic stakes lying in transport logistics, by wa

14、y of a thorough estimation of its overall economic impact. This paper does not focus on the structural or technical background of every single sector reviewed.INTRODUCTIONEconomic context 2006 saw a confirmation of growth across the European continent, which balanced out against the US economy. Econ

15、omic growth in the euro area is estimated to have risen from an average of 1.5 p.c. in 2005 to 2.8 p.c. in 2006 (GDP in volume), the highest rate since the beginning of the century. However the rising activity and the risk of inflation resulted in most central banks raising their interest rates, inc

16、luding the ECBs gradual increase in its benchmark rate. In Belgium the evolution was pronounced too, since economic growth reached 2.9 p.c. in 2006, against 2 p.c. the year before. At global level, growth was still mainly driven by the Asian economies. World trade picked up, and almost equalled the

17、pace seen in 2004, its expansion still far exceeding that of world GDP3. The Belgian economy is mainly driven by the tertiary sector, as approximately 75p.c.of GDP is derived from services, ranging from transport and communications to business services. This is the result of the de-industrialisation

18、, accompanied by the outsourcing and relocation of a substantial share of industrial activities from the late 1980s onwards, and the ensuing boom of services and transport sectors over the same period. That percentage is roughly 10 p.c. higher than the average for the EU-27.In 2004 and 2005, investm

19、ent surged in the service sectors, especially maritime transport and logistical services, followed by a substantial increase in industrial sectors the next year. Globalisation keeps intensifying and shipped volumes keep growing4, along with ever-strengthening trading relations with the rest of Europ

20、e, in which the EU enlargement plays a considerable part, and the rest of the world. Belgian foreign trade is dynamic in the EU, with respect to its annual production5, which makes our country very dependent on its transport infrastructure and logistics. Belgium is regarded as a transit country and

21、its sea ports are seen as major European gateways that supply the whole continent. Above all, Belgian and European ports and consequently all modes of transport draw direct benefit from the growth of international trade. In this context, containerisation has confirmed its ascendancy over other packa

22、ging methods and logistics around it is gaining a tremendous momentum.1.LOGISTICS: DEFINITIONS AND METHODOLOGYThe evident complexity of the object of this study calls for clear guidelines in terms of scope and calculation methods. After quoting a few historic definitions, one single definition will

23、come to the fore and the methodology used for this analysis will be explained.1.1DEFINITIONSA straightforward definition of logistics, which pervades the whole economy, is elusive. But an overview of some concepts attached to it can help bring out its significance for this study.1.1.1 Definitions fr

24、om literatureThe term originates in the military world but is today broadly used in business and industry. Logistics experts are required on board large manufacturing companies and more and more specialized companies are designed to offer a wide range of logistics services addressed to companies whi

25、ch decide to outsource such activities. Originally, logistics referred to the military organisation of moving, lodging, and supplying troops and equipment. Its general definition today is the detailed organization and implementation of a plan or operation19. It also refers to all means and methods o

26、f organising a service, an enterprise, etc.20, as well as the process of controlling goods and information movements21.The following definitions add some useful elements to this first description.1.1.2BUSINESS LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT22:Logistics is that part of the supply chain process

27、 that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet customers requirements23. The concept of supply chain management has emerged in recent years. It captures

28、the essence of integrated logistics and even goes beyond it. Supply chain management is defined as the systematic, strategic coordination of the traditional business functions and the tactics across these business functions within a particular company and across businesses within the supply chain, f

29、or the purposes of improving the long-term performance of the individual companies and the supply chain as a whole24.1.1.3FLANDERS INSTITUTE FOR LOGISTICS25:In the context of the logistics of supply chain management, logistics encompasses four functional domains: purchase and procurement logistics,

30、production logistics, distribution logistics and reverse logistics. Transport logistics is seen as the organisation of flows of goods and information across these functions.1.1.4HANDBOOK OF LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT26:Logistics contributes to the creation of time, place, and even form ut

31、ility through the management of processes that enable companies to get the right goods to the right place at the right time in the right condition and at the right cost.2.ECONOMIC IMPACT OF TRANSPORT LOGISTICS IN BELGIUMThe analysis is presented in three distinct parts. The first one focuses on the

32、findings made at the national level, in direct terms: value added, employment, social balance sheet, investment and financial situation. A sub-section attempts to break figures down according to locations of activity. The second part deals with the indirect effects, which complements the analysis of

33、 the direct effects. They are expressed in terms of indirect value added and employment, then in terms of sector-to-sector linkages.The third part tackles the transport logistics activities which could neither be recorded nor analysed via this traditional sectoral approach. A last paragraph summarises the analysis by globa