比利时运输物流的经济效应外文翻译.docx

比利时运输物流的经济效应外文翻译.docx

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比利时运输物流的经济效应外文翻译

本科毕业论文外文翻译

外文题目：

EconomicImportanceofBelgianTransportLogistics

出处：

NBBWorkingPaper

作者：

FredericLagneaux

原文：

EconomicImportanceofBelgianTransportLogistics

FredericLagneaux

Abstract

ThispaperisapublicationissuedbytheMicroeconomicAnalysisserviceoftheNationalBankofBelgium.

ThisistheoutcomeofafirstresearchprojectontheBelgiantransportlogisticssectors.Inthepastfewyears,thelogisticsbusinesshasturnedouttoplayasignificantpartinwealthcreationinourcountry,whoseeconomyisdrivenbyservices.ThisstudycanbeseenasanextensionofWorkingPaperNo.115onBelgianports,issuedinMay20071,astheactivitiesunderreviewarecloselytiedtotransportingeneralandmaritimetransportinparticular.

ConsideringthatthisisafirstattempttoestimatetheeconomicimportanceofBelgiantransportlogistics,itwasdecidedtofavourasectoralapproach,byfocusingonsomefreighttransportlogisticssectorsclearlydefinedintheNACEclassification.Theimpactispresentedintwoparts:

thedirecteffectsandtheindirecteffects.Furthermore,ashortanalysisisprovidedabouttheeconomicimpactofotheractivities,suchasin-houselogisticsandEuropeandistributioncentres.

Anoverviewofsomedevelopmentspersub-sectorisprovidedfortheperiod2000-2005,withtheemphasison2005.Thecoreoftheanalysis,whichisstatisticalandthereforenotbasedonasurvey,looksmorespecificallyintodevelopmentsintermsofvalueadded,employment,investmentandthefinancialsituationofthecompaniesconcerned.Afirstestimateofdevelopmentsoverthe2005-2006periodisalsoprovidedforvalueaddedandemployment.

AnnualaccountsdatafromtheCentralBalanceSheetOfficeareusedforthecalculationofdirecteffects,thestudyoffinancialratiosandanalysisofthesocialbalancesheet.Alsoworthmentioningisthattheindirecteffectsoftheactivitiesconcernedhavebeenestimatedintermsofvalueaddedandemployment,onthebasisofdatafromtheNAI（NationalAccountsInstitute）.AcomprehensiveanalysisofthelinkagesbetweenthesectorsunderreviewandtheotherBelgiansectorsispresented.

Theactivitiesunderreviewaccountedfornolessthan3.1p.c.ofBelgianGDPand3.4p.c.ofthecountry'sdomesticemploymentin2005.Includingindirecteffects,thesepercentagesrespectivelyamountedto5and5.3p.c.inthesameyear.Takingsomesurveydataintoaccount,theoverallimpactwouldreachroughly8p.c.oftheBelgianeconomy,iftransportlogisticsbusinessprovidedbyexternalbranchesontheonehandandin-housetransportlogisticsontheotherwereaddedtotheseabove-mentionedsectoralpercentages.

Thisreportprovidesacomprehensiveaccountoftheseissues,givinginformationpereconomicsector.

FOREWORD

Everyyear,theBank2publishesanupdateofitsstudyontheeconomicimportanceoftheFlemishmaritimeportsandtheLiegeportcomplex.ThatpublicationprovidessomeusefultoolsenablingthecompetentauthoritiesandthepublictogetaclearpictureoftheimpactBelgianportshaveontheentirenationaleconomy.Thereisgrowinginterestinsimilarresearchworkforthelogisticssectorsinacountrythatisincreasinglydominatedbyservicesand,therefore,bylogisticsactivities,intertwinedwiththeports'operationsand,further,withalltransportactivities.Belgiumisindeedincreasinglyreferredtoasalogisticsparadise（seebelow）.Itisoneofthetasksofthisreporttoverifythisstatement.Thiscompetitiveadvantagehastobeborneinmindandfurthercapitalisedon,inordertoembracetheeverfasterpaceofglobalisationandtowithstandworldwidecompetition.Thisstudyisaimedtohelpnationalandregionaldecision-makerstobetterunderstandtheeconomicstakeslyingintransportlogistics,bywayofathoroughestimationofitsoveralleconomicimpact.Thispaperdoesnotfocusonthestructuralortechnicalbackgroundofeverysinglesectorreviewed.

INTRODUCTION

Economiccontext2006sawaconfirmationofgrowthacrosstheEuropeancontinent,whichbalancedoutagainsttheUSeconomy.Economicgrowthintheeuroareaisestimatedtohaverisenfromanaverageof1.5p.c.in2005to2.8p.c.in2006（GDPinvolume）,thehighestratesincethebeginningofthecentury.Howevertherisingactivityandtheriskofinflationresultedinmostcentralbanks'raisingtheirinterestrates,includingtheECB'sgradualincreaseinitsbenchmarkrate.InBelgiumtheevolutionwaspronouncedtoo,sinceeconomicgrowthreached2.9p.c.in2006,against2p.c.theyearbefore.Atgloballevel,growthwasstillmainlydrivenbytheAsianeconomies.Worldtradepickedup,andalmostequalledthepaceseenin2004,itsexpansionstillfarexceedingthatofworldGDP3.

TheBelgianeconomyismainlydrivenbythetertiarysector,asapproximately75p.c.ofGDPisderivedfromservices,rangingfromtransportandcommunicationstobusinessservices.Thisistheresultofthede-industrialisation,accompaniedbytheoutsourcingandrelocationofasubstantialshareofindustrialactivitiesfromthelate1980sonwards,andtheensuingboomofservicesandtransportsectorsoverthesameperiod.Thatpercentageisroughly10p.c.higherthantheaveragefortheEU-27.In2004and2005,investmentsurgedintheservicesectors,especiallymaritimetransportandlogisticalservices,followedbyasubstantialincreaseinindustrialsectorsthenextyear.Globalisationkeepsintensifyingandshippedvolumeskeepgrowing4,alongwithever-strengtheningtradingrelationswiththerestofEurope,inwhichtheEUenlargementplaysaconsiderablepart,andtherestoftheworld.BelgianforeigntradeisdynamicintheEU,withrespecttoitsannualproduction5,whichmakesourcountryverydependentonitstransportinfrastructureandlogistics.BelgiumisregardedasatransitcountryanditsseaportsareseenasmajorEuropeangatewaysthatsupplythewholecontinent.Aboveall,BelgianandEuropeanportsandconsequentlyallmodesoftransportdrawdirectbenefitfromthegrowthofinternationaltrade.Inthiscontext,containerisationhasconfirmeditsascendancyoverotherpackagingmethodsandlogisticsarounditisgainingatremendousmomentum.

1.LOGISTICS:

DEFINITIONSANDMETHODOLOGY

Theevidentcomplexityoftheobjectofthisstudycallsforclearguidelinesintermsofscopeandcalculationmethods.Afterquotingafewhistoricdefinitions,onesingledefinitionwillcometotheforeandthemethodologyusedforthisanalysiswillbeexplained.

1.1DEFINITIONS

Astraightforwarddefinitionoflogistics,whichpervadesthewholeeconomy,iselusive.Butanoverviewofsomeconceptsattachedtoitcanhelpbringoutitssignificanceforthisstudy.

1.1.1Definitionsfromliterature

Thetermoriginatesinthemilitaryworldbutistodaybroadlyusedinbusinessandindustry.Logisticsexpertsarerequiredonboardlargemanufacturingcompaniesandmoreandmorespecializedcompaniesaredesignedtoofferawiderangeoflogisticsservicesaddressedtocompanieswhichdecidetooutsourcesuchactivities.Originally,logisticsreferredtothemilitaryorganisationofmoving,lodging,andsupplyingtroopsandequipment.Itsgeneraldefinitiontodayisthedetailedorganizationandimplementationofaplanoroperation19.Italsoreferstoallmeansandmethodsoforganisingaservice,anenterprise,etc.20,aswellastheprocessofcontrollinggoodsandinformationmovements21.Thefollowingdefinitionsaddsomeusefulelementstothisfirstdescription.

1.1.2BUSINESSLOGISTICSANDSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENT22:

Logisticsisthatpartofthesupplychainprocessthatplans,implements,andcontrolstheefficient,effectiveflowandstorageofgoods,services,andrelatedinformationfromthepointoforigintothepointofconsumptioninordertomeetcustomers'requirements23.Theconceptofsupplychainmanagementhasemergedinrecentyears.Itcapturestheessenceofintegratedlogisticsandevengoesbeyondit.Supplychainmanagementisdefinedasthesystematic,strategiccoordinationofthetraditionalbusinessfunctionsandthetacticsacrossthesebusinessfunctionswithinaparticularcompanyandacrossbusinesseswithinthesupplychain,forthepurposesofimprovingthelong-termperformanceoftheindividualcompaniesandthesupplychainasawhole24.

1.1.3FLANDERSINSTITUTEFORLOGISTICS25:

Inthecontextofthelogisticsofsupplychainmanagement,logisticsencompassesfourfunctionaldomains:

purchaseandprocurementlogistics,productionlogistics,distributionlogisticsandreverselogistics.Transportlogisticsisseenastheorganisationofflowsofgoodsandinformationacrossthesefunctions.

1.1.4HANDBOOKOFLOGISTICSANDSUPPLYCHAINMANAGEMENT26:

Logisticscontributestothecreationoftime,place,andevenformutilitythroughthemanagementofprocessesthatenablecompaniestogettherightgoodstotherightplaceattherighttimeintherightconditionandattherightcost.

2.ECONOMICIMPACTOFTRANSPORTLOGISTICSINBELGIUM

Theanalysisispresentedinthreedistinctparts.Thefirstonefocusesonthefindingsmadeatthenationallevel,indirectterms:

valueadded,employment,socialbalancesheet,investmentandfinancialsituation.Asub-sectionattemptstobreakfiguresdownaccordingtolocationsofactivity.Thesecondpartdealswiththeindirecteffects,whichcomplementstheanalysisofthedirecteffects.Theyareexpressedintermsofindirectvalueaddedandemployment,thenintermsofsector-to-sectorlinkages.Thethirdparttacklesthetransportlogisticsactivitieswhichcouldneitherberecordednoranalysedviathistraditionalsectoralapproach.Alastparagraphsummarisestheanalysisbygloba