最新财经资讯142.docx

1、最新财经资讯142 最 新 财 经 资 讯第32期（总第142期）国际司 2014-3-6目 录一、 全球1. 为什么知识共享对发展合作至关重要2. 对化石燃料的补贴超过发展可再生能源资金数十亿二、 欧洲1. PMI指数显示欧元区经济活跃度提升三、 中国1. “7.5%”与“李克强经济学”2. 中国经济的后发优势Why knowledge sharing matters for development cooperationDEVEX| Mar.5 2014Many developing countries, including those that have become middle-in

2、come countries, have concrete and successful development programs built upon workable, effective policies. Sharing their experiences and lessons learned with others is of tremendous benefit. We must use their best practices to address fellow developing countries concerns.Plenty of examples already s

3、how that knowledge sharing is a crucial part of development cooperation. Indonesias own experience highlights the importance of developing a knowledge sharing mechanism to foster such exchanges. For example, the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH, or Family Hope Program in English) is based on Brazils Bo

4、lsa Familia experience of conditional cash transfers to individual households. Learning best practices from other countries similar programs, adjusting them to the Indonesian context and further modification has helped create this “best-fit” social protection program, first started by the World Bank

5、. The PKH pilot, covering around 500,000 households in 2007, has now been scaled up to become a national program funded by the national budget covering 3.2 million households in 2014.Knowledge sharing also helped some countries to assist Haiti following its devastating 2010 earthquake. Facilitated b

6、y the World Bank, Indonesia shared our experience of rebuilding following the 2004 tsunami, focusing on planning and implementation tools for community-based housing reconstruction. Brazil and Korea also shared knowledge and experience through South-South exchange to rebuild Haitis garment industry

7、by improving policies, attracting investment and integrating in the international supply chain.One of the most important components of knowledge sharing is the further development of knowledge hubs. These can help seekers and providers of development solutions to come together around specific issues

8、.Creating knowledge sharing networks is key to enriching conversations and to connecting policymakers, practitioners and other stakeholders providing opportunities to interact and engage.Four success factors for effective knowledge sharing of development solutions are:1. Identifying specific topics

9、or thematic issues around which to center knowledge sharing in the post-2015 development agenda.2. Using existing platforms for brokering mechanisms.3. Using country-led knowledge hub infrastructure for successful development results.4. Optimising existing funding activities and new financial resour

10、ces including from the private sector, foundations and triangular cooperation partners.Indonesia is collaborating with the World Bank, Korea, the United Nations Development Program and others to lead discussions on knowledge sharing. We are also working with Mexico to look at this important topic al

11、ong with South-South and triangular cooperation. This way, common elements of successful knowledge sharing initiatives can be scaled up to meet knowledge demands post-2015. Such discussions will include the showcasing thematic aspects of knowledge sharing, the policy and institutional framework, and

12、 innovative practices leading from effective knowledge sharing networking.Indonesia will strengthen country-led knowledge hubs and promote knowledge sharing among government institutions in order to improve our national development policy and contribute to international development cooperation. We h

13、ave identified and inserted the importance of knowledge sharing in our government medium-term development plan for 2015-2019. We will encourage systems that enable learning among Indonesian regional governments as well as among line ministries on development programs. We will also share these experi

14、ences with international stakeholders.It is important to support knowledge sharing around specific solutions rather than simply providing technical assistance. Such work can be driven by comprehensive partnership among different knowledge providers. This requires the proactive involvement of various

15、 development actors such as national governments, parliament, private sector, philanthropic organizations, civil society and others. Besides that, existing hubs developed by international organizations such as UNDP and the World Bank, as well as the G-20 knowledge platform areas, should be further p

16、romoted. Some have already become significant knowledge brokers. For example, Collaboration for Development, or C4D, hosted by the World Bank, has provided several secure social development platforms where members can share knowledge and gain inputs for their work through e-discussion, webinars and

17、other means.High-level political support is also crucial. Effective knowledge sharing will be one priority of the Global Partnerships first high-level meeting in Mexico in April 2014. This will be an opportunity for knowledge sharing champions to work together towards: 1. Specific principles for eff

18、ective knowledge sharing.2. Improved capacity for country-level information exchange.3. Stronger support for exchange between local institutions.The Global Partnership can also help move technical assistance beyond the traditional provider-recipient model towards one where partners engage as equals,

19、 leading to greater development effectiveness. Meanwhile, knowledge exchange should not be limited to South-South cooperation, but can also be between all kinds of partners from both North and South.Armida S. Alisjahbana has served as the Indonesian minister of national development planning since 20

20、09.Fossil fuel subsidies outstrip renewables funding by billions The Guardian | Mar.5 2014Billions of euros are spent on subsidies for fossil fuel producers. But just how much? The International Energy Agency says annual subsidies are about 400 billion, but the IMF puts the figure at a trillion euro

21、s.Back in 2009, at the G20 summit in Pittsburgh, leading heads of state decided that subsidies for oil, gas and coal would slowly have to be cut worldwide. The closing statement of the meeting reads:The inefficient subsidization of fossil fuels supports wasteful behaviour, complicates investments in

22、 clean energy sources and undermines efforts to fight the dangers of global warming.”Move forward five years and international organizations such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Energy Agency (IEA) continue to report the problem of fossil subsidies arou

23、nd the globe. Depending on the calculation method used, estimates of the amount of fossil fuel subsidies worldwide varies between 400 billion ($548 billion) and 2.6 trillion euros per year.According to IEA data, fossil fuel energy use is subsidized to some extent in just about all countries with oil

24、 and gas deposits. Countries like Iran, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Venezuela and Nigeria rank their fossil fuels well below the market price for electricity, transport and heating within their own state.About a quarter of global subsidies for oil and gas, the IEA says, are accounted for by importing coun

25、tries. In order for energy to be affordable for the population, imported fossil fuels are also kept cheap in countries like India, China and Indonesia. The problem of fossil fuelsSwantja Kchler, an economist from Green Budget Germany, told DW that money from German state budgets is used to keep pric

26、es low. She explained that tax breaks exist for the fossil fuel industries too and pointed out that Germany provides state aid to the coal industry.This is direct assistance so German coal will be cheaper, Kchler said. And farmers only have to pay about half of the amount of tax on diesel.Within sci

27、entific and political circles, the costs incurred by burning fossil fuels is greatly disputed. Carbon dioxide emissions have a knock-on effect across society, primarily through climate change.It is estimated to be about 80 euros per ton of CO2, says Kchler. The price has never previously been determ

28、ined, but instead its passed on to society. The worldwide cost on the climate is around 2.7 billion euros per year, Kchler estimates. Some institutes and experts classify these as-yet unpaid climate costs as fossil subsidies and include them in their calculations. Others leave them out. That would e

29、xplain the huge discrepancies between figures from the IMF and the IEA, says Kchler. She is currently comparing international studies, in an attempt to pinpoint costs represented in the published figures.Germany also guiltyGermany and many other EU countries keep a record of their subsidization leve

30、ls of fossil fuel industries. The OECD also monitors subsidies worldwide.Economic scientists, energy experts and politicians are in agreement that fossil fuel subsidies dont just speed up damage to the climate, they also interfere with competition. The phase-out of fossil fuel subsidies is actually

31、an important instrument in tackling climate change, says Achim Steiner of the UN Environment Program.If we compare the different energy providers on price right now, then we can see renewables will overtake fossil fuel suppliers very quickly, Steiner told DW.According to Germanys Federal Environment

32、 Agency, the country set aside 52 billion euros for fossil fuel subsidies in 2010. That represented about a sixth of the German national budget. By comparison, in the same year renewable energy was subsidized to the tune of around 10 billion euros.Eurozone PMI shows business activity picking up speedFT| Mar.5 2014The eurozones recovery gathered pace last month with activity rising at its fastest rate since before the height of the currency blocs sovereign debt crisis, according to a closely watched poll of purchasing managers.The c