最新财经资讯142.docx

最新财经资讯142.docx

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最新财经资讯142

最新财经资讯

第32期

（总第142期）

国际司2014-3-6

目录

一、全球

1.为什么知识共享对发展合作至关重要

2.对化石燃料的补贴超过发展可再生能源资金数十亿

二、欧洲

1.PMI指数显示欧元区经济活跃度提升

三、中国

1.“7.5%”与“李克强经济学”

2.中国经济的后发优势

Whyknowledgesharingmattersfordevelopmentcooperation

DEVEX|Mar.52014

Manydevelopingcountries,includingthosethathavebecomemiddle-incomecountries,haveconcreteandsuccessfuldevelopmentprogramsbuiltuponworkable,effectivepolicies.Sharingtheirexperiencesandlessonslearnedwithothersisoftremendousbenefit.Wemustusetheirbestpracticestoaddressfellowdevelopingcountries’concerns.

Plentyofexamplesalreadyshowthatknowledgesharingisacrucialpartofdevelopmentcooperation.Indonesia’sownexperiencehighlightstheimportanceofdevelopingaknowledgesharingmechanismtofostersuchexchanges.Forexample,theProgramKeluargaHarapan（PKH,orFamilyHopePrograminEnglish）isbasedonBrazil’sBolsaFamiliaexperienceofconditionalcashtransferstoindividualhouseholds.Learningbestpracticesfromothercountries’similarprograms,adjustingthemtotheIndonesiancontextandfurthermodificationhashelpedcreatethis“best-fit”socialprotectionprogram,firststartedbytheWorldBank.ThePKHpilot,coveringaround500,000householdsin2007,hasnowbeenscaleduptobecomeanationalprogramfundedbythenationalbudgetcovering3.2millionhouseholdsin2014.

KnowledgesharingalsohelpedsomecountriestoassistHaitifollowingitsdevastating2010earthquake.FacilitatedbytheWorldBank,Indonesiasharedourexperienceofrebuildingfollowingthe2004tsunami,focusingonplanningandimplementationtoolsforcommunity-basedhousingreconstruction.BrazilandKoreaalsosharedknowledgeandexperiencethroughSouth-SouthexchangetorebuildHaiti’sgarmentindustrybyimprovingpolicies,attractinginvestmentandintegratingintheinternationalsupplychain.

Oneofthemostimportantcomponentsofknowledgesharingisthefurtherdevelopmentofknowledgehubs.Thesecanhelpseekersandprovidersofdevelopmentsolutionstocometogetheraroundspecificissues.

Creatingknowledgesharingnetworksiskeytoenrichingconversationsandtoconnectingpolicymakers,practitionersandotherstakeholders—providingopportunitiestointeractandengage.

Foursuccessfactorsforeffectiveknowledgesharingofdevelopmentsolutionsare:

1.Identifyingspecifictopicsorthematicissuesaroundwhichtocenterknowledgesharinginthepost-2015developmentagenda.

2.Usingexistingplatformsforbrokeringmechanisms.

3.Usingcountry-ledknowledgehubinfrastructureforsuccessfuldevelopmentresults.

4.Optimisingexistingfundingactivitiesandnewfinancialresources—includingfromtheprivatesector,foundationsandtriangularcooperationpartners.

IndonesiaiscollaboratingwiththeWorldBank,Korea,theUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramandotherstoleaddiscussionsonknowledgesharing.WearealsoworkingwithMexicotolookatthisimportanttopicalongwithSouth-Southandtriangularcooperation.Thisway,commonelementsofsuccessfulknowledgesharinginitiativescanbescaleduptomeetknowledgedemandspost-2015.Suchdiscussionswillincludetheshowcasingthematicaspectsofknowledgesharing,thepolicyandinstitutionalframework,andinnovativepracticesleadingfromeffectiveknowledgesharingnetworking.

Indonesiawillstrengthencountry-ledknowledgehubsandpromoteknowledgesharingamonggovernmentinstitutionsinordertoimproveournationaldevelopmentpolicyandcontributetointernationaldevelopmentcooperation.Wehaveidentifiedandinsertedtheimportanceofknowledgesharinginourgovernmentmedium-termdevelopmentplanfor2015-2019.WewillencouragesystemsthatenablelearningamongIndonesianregionalgovernmentsaswellasamonglineministriesondevelopmentprograms.Wewillalsosharetheseexperienceswithinternationalstakeholders.

Itisimportanttosupportknowledgesharingaroundspecificsolutionsratherthansimplyprovidingtechnicalassistance.Suchworkcanbedrivenbycomprehensivepartnershipamongdifferentknowledgeproviders.Thisrequirestheproactiveinvolvementofvariousdevelopmentactorssuchasnationalgovernments,parliament,privatesector,philanthropicorganizations,civilsocietyandothers.Besidesthat,existinghubsdevelopedbyinternationalorganizationssuchasUNDPandtheWorldBank,aswellastheG-20knowledgeplatformareas,shouldbefurtherpromoted.Somehavealreadybecomesignificantknowledgebrokers.Forexample,CollaborationforDevelopment,orC4D,hostedbytheWorldBank,hasprovidedseveralsecuresocialdevelopmentplatformswherememberscanshareknowledgeandgaininputsfortheirworkthroughe-discussion,webinarsandothermeans.

High-levelpoliticalsupportisalsocrucial.EffectiveknowledgesharingwillbeonepriorityoftheGlobalPartnership’sfirsthigh-levelmeetinginMexicoinApril2014.Thiswillbeanopportunityforknowledgesharingchampionstoworktogethertowards:

1.Specificprinciplesforeffectiveknowledgesharing.

2.Improvedcapacityforcountry-levelinformationexchange.

3.Strongersupportforexchangebetweenlocalinstitutions.

TheGlobalPartnershipcanalsohelpmovetechnicalassistancebeyondthetraditionalprovider-recipientmodeltowardsonewherepartnersengageasequals,leadingtogreaterdevelopmenteffectiveness.Meanwhile,knowledgeexchangeshouldnotbelimitedtoSouth-Southcooperation,butcanalsobebetweenallkindsofpartnersfrombothNorthandSouth.

ArmidaS.AlisjahbanahasservedastheIndonesianministerofnationaldevelopmentplanningsince2009.

Fossilfuelsubsidiesoutstriprenewablesfundingbybillions

TheGuardian|Mar.52014

Billionsofeurosarespentonsubsidiesforfossilfuelproducers.Butjusthowmuch?

TheInternationalEnergyAgencysaysannualsubsidiesareabout400billion,buttheIMFputsthefigureatatrillioneuros.

Backin2009,attheG20summitinPittsburgh,leadingheadsofstatedecidedthatsubsidiesforoil,gasandcoalwouldslowlyhavetobecutworldwide.Theclosingstatementofthemeetingreads:

"Theinefficientsubsidizationoffossilfuelssupportswastefulbehaviour,complicatesinvestmentsincleanenergysourcesandundermineseffortstofightthedangersofglobalwarming.”

MoveforwardfiveyearsandinternationalorganizationssuchastheWorldBank,theInternationalMonetaryFund（IMF）andtheInternationalEnergyAgency（IEA）continuetoreporttheproblemoffossilsubsidiesaroundtheglobe.Dependingonthecalculationmethodused,estimatesoftheamountoffossilfuelsubsidiesworldwidevariesbetween400billion（$548billion）and2.6trillioneurosperyear.

AccordingtoIEAdata,fossilfuelenergyuseissubsidizedtosomeextentinjustaboutallcountrieswithoilandgasdeposits.CountrieslikeIran,SaudiArabia,Russia,VenezuelaandNigeriaranktheirfossilfuelswellbelowthemarketpriceforelectricity,transportandheatingwithintheirownstate.

Aboutaquarterofglobalsubsidiesforoilandgas,theIEAsays,areaccountedforbyimportingcountries.Inorderforenergytobeaffordableforthepopulation,importedfossilfuelsarealsokeptcheapincountrieslikeIndia,ChinaandIndonesia.

Theproblemoffossilfuels

SwantjaKüchler,aneconomistfromGreenBudgetGermany,toldDWthatmoneyfromGermanstatebudgetsisusedtokeeppriceslow.SheexplainedthattaxbreaksexistforthefossilfuelindustriestooandpointedoutthatGermanyprovidesstateaidtothecoalindustry.

"ThisisdirectassistancesoGermancoalwillbecheaper,"Küchlersaid.Andfarmers"onlyhavetopayabouthalfoftheamountoftaxondiesel".

Withinscientificandpoliticalcircles,thecostsincurredbyburningfossilfuelsisgreatlydisputed.Carbondioxideemissionshaveaknock-oneffectacrosssociety,primarilythroughclimatechange.

"Itisestimatedtobeabout80eurospertonofCO2,"saysKüchler."Thepricehasneverpreviouslybeendetermined,butinsteadit'spassedontosociety."Theworldwidecostontheclimateisaround2.7billioneurosperyear,Küchlerestimates.

Someinstitutesandexpertsclassifytheseas-yetunpaidclimatecostsasfossilsubsidiesandincludethemintheircalculations.Othersleavethemout.ThatwouldexplainthehugediscrepanciesbetweenfiguresfromtheIMFandtheIEA,saysKüchler.Sheiscurrentlycomparinginternationalstudies,inanattempttopinpointcostsrepresentedinthepublishedfigures.

Germanyalsoguilty

GermanyandmanyotherEUcountrieskeeparecordoftheirsubsidizationlevelsoffossilfuelindustries.TheOECDalsomonitorssubsidiesworldwide.

Economicscientists,energyexpertsandpoliticiansareinagreementthatfossilfuelsubsidiesdon'tjustspeedupdamagetotheclimate,theyalsointerferewithcompetition.Thephase-outoffossilfuelsubsidiesisactuallyanimportantinstrumentintacklingclimatechange,saysAchimSteineroftheUNEnvironmentProgram.

"Ifwecomparethedifferentenergyprovidersonpricerightnow,thenwecanseerenewableswillovertakefossilfuelsuppliersveryquickly,"SteinertoldDW.

AccordingtoGermany'sFederalEnvironmentAgency,thecountrysetaside52billioneurosforfossilfuelsubsidiesin2010.ThatrepresentedaboutasixthoftheGermannationalbudget.Bycomparison,inthesameyearrenewableenergywassubsidizedtothetuneofaround10billioneuros.

EurozonePMIshowsbusinessactivitypickingupspeed

FT|Mar.52014

Theeurozone’srecoverygatheredpacelastmonthwithactivityrisingatitsfastestratesincebeforetheheightofthecurrencybloc’ssovereigndebtcrisis,accordingtoacloselywatchedpollofpurchasingmanagers.

Thec