纺织服装外文翻译文献.docx

1、纺织服装外文翻译文献外文文献翻译完整版 译文3200多字 (含：英文原文及中文译文) 文献出处： Kar F, Fan J, Yu W. Comparison of different test methods for the measurement of fabric or garment moisture transfer propertiesJ. Measurement Science & Technology, 2007, 18(7):2033.英文原文 Comparison of different test methods for the measurement of fabric

2、 or garment moisture transfer propertiesF Kar, J Fan and W YuAbstractSeveral test methods exist for determining the water vapour permeability or resistance of textile fabrics or garments. The differences and interrelationships between these methods are not always clear, which presents a problem in c

3、omparing results from different test methods. This study is aimed at investigating the relationships between the test results from four typical test methods, including the moisture transmission test (Model CS-141), ASTM E96 cup method, sweating guarded hot plate method (ISO11092) and the sweating fa

4、bric manikin (Walter). For the range of air permeable knitted fabrics tested, it was found that good interrelationships exist between the results from the four types of test methods, although some discrepancies exist between different tests due to differences in testing conditions. Test results from

5、 different moisture transfer test methods can therefore be convertible with due consideration.Keywords: fabric, water vapour transmission rate, clothing comfort, water vapour resistance1. IntroductionMoisture transfer properties of textile fabrics and garments are important to the thermal comfort of

6、 clothed persons. A number of test methods have been developed to evaluate the moisture transfer properties of textile fabrics and garments. However, since the techniques and testing conditions of these tests are very different, results from these tests are not directly comparable. It is therefore n

7、ecessary to investigate the differences and interrelationships between the results from these different test methods.Dolhan compared two Canadian Standards (CAN2-4.2-M77 and CAN/CGSB-4.2 No. 49-M91) and the ASTM E96 test methods for measuring the water vapour transmission properties and found that t

8、he results of these tests were not directly comparable because of the differences in the water vapour pressure gradients driving the moisture transmission in the different test methods Gibson 8 conducted an extensive investigation on the relationship of the test results from the sweating guarded hot

9、 plate (ISO11092) and those from the ASTM E96 Cup Method. In his work, permeable materials, hydrophobic and hydrophilic membrane laminates were tested and the results were standardized in the units of air resistance and water vapour transmission rate. It was found, except for the hydrophilic samples

10、, there is a clear correlation between the results from the two tests. As the test condition in the guarded sweating hot plate tests resulted in much higher equilibrium water content in the hydrophilic polymer layer, which influences the polymers permeability, the water vapour transmission rate thro

11、ugh the hydrophilic membrane is greater when tested using the sweating guarded hot plate. As pointed out by a number of previous researchers 7, 12, different relative humidity gradients present in the various test methods cause the intrinsic transport characteristics of hydrophilic polymers to chang

12、e. For such fabrics, there tend to be poor correlations between different test methods that employ differing relative humidity gradients, since the resistance is a function of the water vapour concentration and temperature. Consequently, Lomax 11 pointed out the need for investigating the correlatio

13、ns of results from different test methods for different types of fabrics.Gretton et al 9 classified the fabric samples into four categories, including air permeable fabrics, microporous membrane laminated fabrics, hydrophilic membrane laminated/coated fabrics and hybrid coated/laminated fabrics, in

14、investigating the correlation between the test results of the sweating guarded hotplate (ISO 11092) and the evaporative dish method (BS 7209). They showed that there is a good correlation between the two test methods for all fabrics except for the hydrophilic coated and laminated fabrics that transm

15、it water vapour without following the Fickian law of diffusion.Recently, Indushekar et al 10 compared the water vapour transmission rates measured by a modulated differential scanning calorimeter and those by the conventional dish technique as specified in BS7209 for a wide range of woven based fabr

16、ics used in cold weather protective clothing. The study showed that results from these two test methods differ widely due to the differences in the water vapour gradients which occurred in the two methods.With the development of novel techniques for the measurement of moisture transmission propertie

17、s of fabrics and garments, it is necessary to further investigate the relationship between different test methods. The present study was therefore aimed at investigating the correlations between the moisture vapour resistances/transmission rates measured using the newly developed sweating fabric man

18、ikin (Walter) 4, 6, the moisture transmission test (Model CS-141) 1, the ASTM E96 testing method 2 and the sweating guarded hot plate method 5. Since the correlations between the moisture vapour resistances/transmission rates tested using the different test methods are generally different for differ

19、ent categories of fabrics, the present investigation is focused on air permeable functional T-shirt type fabrics2. Methods2.1. SamplesFour interlock and four single jersey functional T-shirt fabrics were chosen from commercial sources for the experiment. The samples represent typical T-shirt fabrics

20、 in the market. The fabrics were sewn into long-sleeved T-shirts for the tests on the sweating fabric manikin (Walter) and the wearer trial experiments. Table 1 lists the characteristics of the fabrics used in this study.2.2 Experimental Measurement2.2.1 Moisture Transfer Test Method (Model CS-141)T

21、he instrument moisture transfer tester used in this test was developed by Ludlow. The company claims that this instrument can quickly and easily determine the water transfer rate of a fabric. This test is based on gas permeability law. This rule refers to the mass transfer ratio and the ability of t

22、he fabric to block moisture penetration, the pressure difference between the upper and lower sides of the fabric, and the thickness of the fabric. Figure 1 shows the structure of the moisture transfer tester. Small enclosed water tanks The clips on both sides sandwich the fabric sample in the middle

23、 of its vertical direction. Underneath the fabric is distilled water, which is less than half the height of the sink. Above is the air that has been dried with desiccant at the beginning of the test. The height of the air gap between the surface of the water in the tank and the lower surface of the

24、material is 10 mm. The tank was placed in a chamber with a temperature of 20C and a relative humidity of 65%. During the experiment, moisture was transferred from the wet side (below the fabric) through the fabric sample to the dry side (above the fabric) and the humidity sensor maintained the monit

25、oring of humidity changes in the upper part of the tank. During the time when the humidity increased from 50% to 60%, the rise in relative humidity was recorded every 3 minutes. The ratio of gas per hour per m 2 of steam in terms of g can be calculated by taking the data into the equation below.T =

26、(269 107)(%RH 60/t)(H)/(100 0.02252) (1)Where: %RHaverage of the relative humidity difference between the upper and lower halves; tthe time interval between two successful data reads (t=3min); Hwater content per unit volume of the tank (H=45.74 gm-3).2.2.2. American Materials and Testing Association

27、 E96 vertical cup methodThis method is a very common method for testing the moisture transfer properties of fabrics. This method can be used to determine the rate of vapor-water transport in the vertical direction of the fabric under conditions of constant ambient humidity, constant humidity and a k

28、nown fabric area. Figure 2 shows the principle of this test method. A cup filled with distilled water covered by fabric samples was placed in an adjustable environment with a temperature of 20C and a relative humidity of 65%. At the beginning of the experiment, 80 g of water was poured into the cup,

29、 which determined the distance from the lower surface of the fabric to the water surface to be 19 mm. The test lasted for five days, during which time the quality of each cup was recorded once a day. The vaporous water transfer rate (WVTR) per square meter per hour can be obtained by taking the data

30、 into the equation below.WVTR = G /tA (2)Where: Gthe value of the change in the weight of the cup covered by the fabric; tthe duration of the change in the mass of the cup, measured in h; Athe area of the fabric sample tested in m 2 .2.2.3. New thermal resistance wet resistance instrument test metho

31、dThe new thermal resistance wet resistance instrument was developed by Fan et al. This instrument complies with the test requirements specified in ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 11092. Compared with the conventional heat resistance and moisture resistance instrument, it makes i

32、t possible to simultaneously perform simulation tests on heat loss due to moisture evaporation and moisture evaporation loss. In addition, the instrument can be operated at subzero temperatures. Figure 3 shows the construction and working principle of the instrument.As can be seen from the measurement of evaporative heat loss, the total moisture resistance of the fabric sample placed on the porous board, sandwiched between the artificial skin and the air layer can be obtained by taking the data into the following formula.Ea sa ss et H ) H -PA (P = R (3) where: R et - total moisture resista