英语时间状语从句.docx

1、英语时间状语从句英语时间状语从句状语从句1.时间状语从句(1)whenwhen用作并列连词（正在那时，突然）Wewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.IwaswatchingTVwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.onthepointofdoingwhendidhadjustdonewhen(2)asas与延续性动词连用，侧重两个动作伴随发生,其时态一致：Ashegrewolderhelostinterestineverythingexceptgardening.Wewerehavingbreakfastasshe_(watch)TV.(3)w

2、hilewhile“在期间”，与延续性动词连用，和主句的动作同时发生，常用三种时态。1.WhileIwaswaitingatthebusstop,buseswentbyintheoppositedirection.2.Whileinprison,hewrotehisfirstnovel.3.Shoesweremendedwhileyouwaited.(4)beforebefore“在之前”Ihadfinishedmypapersbeforemyteacherwentabroad.before“过时间之后才”,注意使用_和_时态。Theyworkedlonghoursbeforeeverythi

3、ngreturnedtonormal.恢复正常Itwillbealongtimebeforewefinishthisdictionary.还没来得及ThebellrangoffbeforeIcouldanswerit.(5)assoonas“一就.”，directly，immediately，instantly；theinstant(that)，theminute(that)，thesecond(that)，themoment(that)等通常都可与assoonas换用。IrecognizedherimmediatelyIsawher.(6)hardly.when/nosooner.than“

4、刚就”，从句用过去时,主句用过去完成时。注意倒装。Hehadnosooner/Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewasaskedtoleaveagain.Wehadhardlybegun/Hardlyhadwebegunourtalkwhenitbegantorain.(7)since从句用一般过去时，主句通常用现在完成(进行)时.Wevenevermetsincewegraduatedfromthecollege.WhathaveyoubeendoingsinceImetyoulasttime?Ithasbeen/is3yearssincehecameback.练习：Itw

5、asevening_hecameback.Itwasintheevening_hecameback.(8)till/until“直到时(为止)”，till不放在句首，until多用于句首。动词的延续性问题Tomwillremainincollegeuntil(till)hefinisheshisPh.Dcourse.肯定句Iwontgowithyouuntil(till)Ifinishmyhomework.否定句NotuntilIfailedintheexamdidIrealizeIshouldstudyhard.倒装ItwasnotuntilIfailedintheexamthatIreal

6、izedIshouldstudyhard.在强调句中的倒装问题(9)whenever/eachtime/everytime/anytime“每当；每次”，可以换用。Whenever/Everytime/EachtimeImether,shewasstudying.(10)bythetime与完成时连用Bythetime(that)thisletterreachesyou,Iwillhaveleftthecountry.Bythetimehewas10,hehadlearned10000words.Bythetimeyougetthisletter,IwillbeinCanada.(Longma

7、n)be动词可不用完成时注意：Bythetimeheretired,WiltheldmanyNBArecords.(11)nexttime,thefirsttimeNexttimeyouseeme,Iwillhavelost10pounds.ThefirsttimeImetyou,Iknewwewouldbefriends.比较：That/It/Thisisthefirsttime(that)IhavebeentoLondon.Forthefirsttime仅用作状语(12)AfterWellarriveafteryouhaveleft.2.地点状语从句(1)whereWherethereis

8、awill,thereisaway.含有条件意味IfoundmybookswhereIhadleftthem.注意：where除指具体地点外，还可表处境等抽象意义。Hesaidhewashappywherehewas.处境很满意Itsyourfaultthatsheiswheresheis.她落到今天这个地步都怪你。(2)wherever=everywhere,anywhereWherever(Everywhere/Anywhere)theywent,theexpertswerewarmlywelcomed.Makeamarkwhereveryouhaveanyquestions.区别与其引导

9、定语从句Bamboosgrowbestinthesouthwhereitswetandrainy.3.原因状语从句(1)becausebecause表示直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句。用于回答why问句，语气最强。强调句中用because。被simply,just,only修饰时用because。IdidntgoabroadwithherbecauseIcouldntaffordit.JustbecauseIdontcomplain,peoplethinkImsatisfied.Itwasbecausehismotherwasillthathedidntcometoschool.小结：beca

10、use1._2._3._4._(2)as因为，由于Asyouwereout,Ileftamessage.(3)since通常是双方已知信息，从句多位于主句之前。Sinceyouwonthelpme，Illasksomeoneelse.(4)now(that)“因为,既然,由于”，通常可以和since换用。其中that可省去，原因往往是已变化的情况。Now(that)youvepassedyourtestyoucandriveonyourown.Idoremember，now(that)youmentionit.你这一提，我倒的确想起来了。(5)when既然，从句必须在后Howcantheyex

11、pecttolearnanythingwhentheyneverlisten?Whydoyouwantanewjobwhenyouhavegotagoodonealready?(6)seeing(that)；considering（that）；Giventhat“鉴于；由于；考虑到”Seeing(that)theweatherisbad，wellstayathome.Consideringhesonlyjuststarted,heknowsquitealotaboutit.Itwassurprisingthegovernmentwasre-elected,giventhattheyhadrai

12、sedtaxessomuch.(7)for并列连词，不用于句首，对前面内容加以推断或解释Iaskedhertostaytotea,forIhadsomethingtotellher.Itsmorningnow,forthebirdsaresinging.4.目的状语从句须与情态动词连用(1)inorderthat“为了；以便”通常可以与sothat换用。Theexpertspokeslowlyinorderthateveryoneshouldunderstand.Inorderthatwemightseethesunrise,westartedforthepeak(山峰)early.(2)so

13、(that);sothat“为了；以便”。从句总是放在主句之后，so可视为sothat的省略形式。Sheworkedhardsothateverythingwouldbereadyintime.Shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshemight/couldtakecareofhismother.(3)incase/forfear(that)表示否定目的,“以免”,“以防”。Hetookanumbrellawithhimforfearthatitmightrain.Bettertakemoreclothesincaseitrains.Youprobablywontn

14、eedtocall,buttakemynumber,justincase.5.结果状语从句sothat从句只能位于主句之后，中间可以有逗号。Suddenlyitbegantorainheavily，sothatitwasalmostimpossibletocarryondriving.Nothingmorewasheardfromhimsothatwebegantowanderifhewasdead.“sothat”既可引导结果状语从句也可引导目的状语从句。主要根据句意来判断；其次根据从句中的情态动词。Theystartedoutearly,sothattheydidntmissthetrai

15、n._/theywouldnot._(2)so+adj./adv.that“如此以致于”，Shespokesofastthatnobodycouldcatchwhatshewassaying.倒装:Sofrightenedwashethathecouldntsayaword.(3)such.thatsuch后可跟任何名词。Such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that从句=so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句。TheJapanesestudentmadesuchrapidprogressthathesoonbegantowritearticleinChinese.Theprofess

16、ortoldussuchafunnystorythatallthestudentslaughed_(4)suchthat多用于正式文体，主句为“主系表”句型。Hisangerwassuchthathelostcontrolofhimself.Thedamagewassuchthatitwouldcostthousandstorepair.倒装：SuchisthebeautyoftheGreatwallthatitisstillafavoriteofforeigners.转换：_(5)特殊情况somany/much/few/littlethatThereissolittletimelefttha

17、tIhavetotellyouaboutitlater.辨析：ItsohappenedthatIcouldntattendthemeeting.翻译：_6.条件状语从句(1)if虚拟语气仅用if引导。Youwouldknowwhatwasgoingonifyouhadlistened.辨别：Idontknowifheisinthelabnow.(2)unless在意义上相当于if.not，语气较强，翻译为“除非否则”。Youllbelateunlessyouhurry.(3)ifonly但愿，要是就好了.表示愿望或未实现条件Ifonlyitwouldstopraining.IfonlyIkne

18、whername.IfonlyIhadgonebytaxi.(4)Onlyif=onlyonconditionthat“只要；如果”。注意倒装Onlyifthegreenlightcomesonarepeopleallowedtocrosstheroad.(5)as/solongas只要Youcanborrowthispenaslongasyoucankeepitwell.(6)provided(that)/providing(that)常接有利条件,“如果；只要”。Wellbuyeverythingyouproduce,providedofcoursethepriceisright.Prov

19、idingyoupromisenottotellanyoneelseIllexplainthesecret.(7)undertheconditionthat/onconditionthat前提是Theyagreedtolendusthecaronconditionthatwereturneditbeforetheweekend.Theyagreedundertheconditionthatthematterbedealtquickly.(8)Suppose/Supposing(that)常接有根据的假设Supposing(that)youarewrong,whatwillyoudothen?S

20、upposeitrainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?(9)Themore.(条件),themore(结果)注意语序-“WhenshouldIaskhim?”-“Thesoonerthebetter.”Thehigheryoustand,thefartheryouwillsee.(10)As/Sofaras仅限用于以下句型AsfarasIknow,Bettywonthefirstprize.AsfarasIamconcerned,AsfarasIcansee(it;them),(11)连词once（一旦）Wedontknowwhattodonextoncethemoneyha

21、sgone.7.让步状语从句(1)although/though可与副词yet,still等副词连用但不与连词but连用；though可用作副词用于句末,“然而，可是”Althoughtheyhavebeentalkingforalongtime,hecannotmakeherbelievehim.Hesaidhewouldcome;hedidnt,though.though可以前置部分内容,参见倒装(2)evenif“即使，纵然”，表示尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。Evenifitrainstomorrow，wewontchangeourplan.(3)eventhough“虽然，尽管”，常表

22、示已经发生的动作或存在的情况。EventhoughIdidntunderstandaword，Ikeptsmiling.Ilikehereventhoughshecanbeannoying.(4)When虽然,然而,从句在后Hewalkswhenhemighttakeataxi.(5)while从句在句首，“虽然，尽管”WhileIunderstandyourpointofview，Idonotshareit.Whiletheyaremyneighbors,Idontknowthemwell.(6)whether.or“无论还是”Whetherornotitrains/Whetheritrai

23、nsornot,weareplayingfootballonSaturday.Whetherhewillsucceedorfail,itdoesntmattermuchtome.(7)asAs在引导让步状语从句时必须前置部分内容，动词提前时从句要加情态动词may/might/can/could/will/would或助动词do/does/didTryashemight,hecouldntopenthedoor.Happyastheywere,therewassomethingmissing.MuchasIadmirehiscourage，Idontthinkheactedwisely.Lose

24、moneyashedid,hegotalotofexperience.注意：Childas(though)heis,heknowsalot.(8)however无论以何种方式，不管怎样Youcantravelhoweveryoulike.(9)疑问词+ever=Nomatter+疑问词仅引导状语从句Whatever/Nomatterwhathesays，dontgo.WheneverImunhappy，hecheersmeup.Sheleavesherbedroomwindowopen,howevercolditis.8.方式状语从句(1)As“以方式；如同那样”，从句有时是省略句。Leave

25、thepapersastheyare.Youmaydoasyouplease.asitis,astheyare照现状看，看样子Wewerehopingtohaveaholidaynextweek-asitis,wemaynotbeabletogetaway.(2)asif/asthough“好像，仿佛”常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。asif比asthough更为常用。Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.Theoldmanrunsveryfastasifhewasayoungman.(3)Like=asif/asthough；Like=asSheactslikeshe

26、ownstheplace.Noonesingstheblueslikeshedoes.LikeIsaidyouarealwayswelcometostay.9.比较状语从句(1)as.as表示同级比较，中间用形容词或副词的原级，从句常为省略句。Ihopeshewillmakeasmuchprogressasyou(havedone).Hedidntdoasmuchashehadpromised.程度so.as仅用于否定句。ItsnotsohardasIthought.(2)than用形容词或副词的比较级形式，从句常常为省略句。HehaslivedherelongerthanI(haslived

27、).ItwasmuchbetterthanIhadexpected.(3)修饰比较级的副词及短语far,much,still,even,rather,any;abit,alittle,byfar,alot,agreatdeal(4)倍数表达法1.ApairofNiketrainerscouldcostuptofivetimesasmuchasasimilarLiningproduct.M5B52.Myhouseisthreetimesthesizeofhis.3.Myhouseisthreetimeslargerthanhis.(5)被比较的内容要一致,注意比较范围问题Theweatherhe

28、reishotterthanthatinyourhometown.Theboysinourclassaremoreactivethanthoseinyourclass.ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica/anyothercountryinAsia.10.省略现象(1)若状语从句主谓语是itis，省略itisIfnecessary,Ifpossible,If(thereare)any,WhennecessaryIf(itis)important,Illwritethisarticle.Changetheform(形式)where()necessary.(2)或从句主语与主句主语一致，则省略主语及be动词Dontspeakuntilspokento.Lookoutwhilecrossingtheroad.Hewouldntattendthemeeting,unlessinvitedto.