英语时间状语从句.docx
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英语时间状语从句
英语时间状语从句
状语从句1.时间状语从句
(1)whenwhen用作并列连词(正在那时,突然)
Wewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.IwaswatchingTVwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.…onthepointofdoing…when…did………hadjustdonewhen……
(2)asas与延续性动词连用,侧重两个动作伴随发生,其时态一致:
Ashegrewolderhelostinterestineverythingexceptgardening.Wewerehavingbreakfastasshe________(watch)TV.(3)whilewhile“在……期间”,与延续性动词连用,和主句的动作同时发生,常用三种时态。
1.WhileIwaswaitingatthebusstop,buseswentbyintheoppositedirection.2.Whileinprison,hewrotehisfirstnovel.3.Shoesweremendedwhileyouwaited.(4)before①before“在……之前”Ihadfinishedmypapersbeforemyteacherwentabroad.②before“过…时间之后才…”,注意使用___________和___________时态。
Theyworkedlonghoursbeforeeverythingreturnedtonormal.恢复正常Itwillbealongtimebeforewefinishthisdictionary.③还没来得及ThebellrangoffbeforeIcouldanswerit.(5)assoonas“一…就….”,directly,immediately,instantly;
theinstant(that),theminute(that),thesecond(that),themoment(that)等通常都可与assoonas换用。
IrecognizedherimmediatelyIsawher.(6)…hardly...when…/…nosooner...than…“刚……就…”,从句用过去时,主句用过去完成时。
注意倒装。
Hehadnosooner/Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewasaskedtoleaveagain.Wehadhardlybegun/Hardlyhadwebegunourtalkwhenitbegantorain.(7)since从句用一般过去时,主句通常用现在完成(进行)时.We’venevermetsincewegraduatedfromthecollege.WhathaveyoubeendoingsinceImetyoulasttime?
Ithasbeen/is3yearssincehecameback.练习:
Itwasevening______hecameback.Itwasintheevening______hecameback.(8)till/until“直到……时(为止)”,till不放在句首,until多用于句首。
动词的延续性问题Tomwillremainincollegeuntil(till)hefinisheshisPh.Dcourse.肯定句Iwon’tgowithyouuntil(till)Ifinishmyhomework.否定句NotuntilIfailedintheexamdidIrealizeIshouldstudyhard.倒装ItwasnotuntilIfailedintheexamthatIrealizedIshouldstudyhard.在强调句中的倒装问题(9)whenever/eachtime/everytime/anytime“每当;
每次”,可以换用。
Whenever/Everytime/EachtimeImether,shewasstudying.(10)bythetime与完成时连用Bythetime(that)thisletterreachesyou,Iwillhaveleftthecountry.Bythetimehewas10,hehadlearned10000words.Bythetimeyougetthisletter,IwillbeinCanada.(Longman)be动词可不用完成时注意:
Bythetimeheretired,WiltheldmanyNBArecords.(11)nexttime,thefirsttimeNexttimeyouseeme,Iwillhavelost10pounds.ThefirsttimeImetyou,Iknewwewouldbefriends.比较:
That/It/Thisisthefirsttime(that)IhavebeentoLondon.Forthefirsttime仅用作状语(12)AfterWe’llarriveafteryouhaveleft.2.地点状语从句
(1)whereWherethereisawill,thereisaway.含有条件意味IfoundmybookswhereIhadleftthem.注意:
where除指具体地点外,还可表处境等抽象意义。
Hesaidhewashappywherehewas.处境很满意It’syourfaultthatsheiswheresheis.她落到今天这个地步都怪你。
(2)wherever=everywhere,anywhereWherever(Everywhere/Anywhere)theywent,theexpertswerewarmlywelcomed.Makeamarkwhereveryouhaveanyquestions.区别与其引导定语从句Bamboosgrowbestinthesouthwhereit’swetandrainy.3.原因状语从句
(1)becausebecause表示直接的原因或理由,着重点在从句。
用于回答why问句,语气最强。
强调句中用because。
被simply,just,only修饰时用because。
Ididn’tgoabroadwithherbecauseIcouldn’taffordit.JustbecauseIdon’tcomplain,peoplethinkI’msatisfied.Itwasbecausehismotherwasillthathedidn’tcometoschool.小结:
because1._______2._________3._________4.__________
(2)as因为,由于Asyouwereout,Ileftamessage.(3)since通常是双方已知信息,从句多位于主句之前。
Sinceyouwon’thelpme,I’llasksomeoneelse.(4)now(that)“因为,既然,由于”,通常可以和since换用。
其中that可省去,原因往往是已变化的情况。
Now(that)you’vepassedyourtestyoucandriveonyourown.Idoremember,now(that)youmentionit.你这一提,我倒的确想起来了。
(5)when既然,从句必须在后Howcantheyexpecttolearnanythingwhentheyneverlisten?
Whydoyouwantanewjobwhenyouhavegotagoodonealready?
(6)seeing(that);
considering(that);
Giventhat“鉴于;
由于;
考虑到”Seeing(that)theweatherisbad,we’llstayathome.Consideringhe’sonlyjuststarted,heknowsquitealotaboutit.Itwassurprisingthegovernmentwasre-elected,giventhattheyhadraisedtaxessomuch.(7)for并列连词,不用于句首,对前面内容加以推断或解释Iaskedhertostaytotea,forIhadsomethingtotellher.It’smorningnow,forthebirdsaresinging.4.目的状语从句须与情态动词连用
(1)inorderthat“为了;
以便”通常可以与sothat换用。
Theexpertspokeslowlyinorderthateveryoneshouldunderstand.Inorderthatwemightseethesunrise,westartedforthepeak(山峰)early.
(2)so(that);sothat“为了;
以便”。
从句总是放在主句之后,so可视为sothat的省略形式。
Sheworkedhardsothateverythingwouldbereadyintime.Shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshemight/couldtakecareofhismother.(3)incase/forfear(that)表示否定目的,“以免”,“以防”。
Hetookanumbrellawithhimforfearthatitmightrain.Bettertakemoreclothesincaseitrains.Youprobablywon’tneedtocall,buttakemynumber,justincase.5.结果状语从句sothat①从句只能位于主句之后,中间可以有逗号。
Suddenlyitbegantorainheavily,sothatitwasalmostimpossibletocarryondriving.Nothingmorewasheardfromhimsothatwebegantowanderifhewasdead.②“sothat”既可引导结果状语从句也可引导目的状语从句。
主要根据句意来判断;
其次根据从句中的情态动词。
Theystartedoutearly,sothattheydidn’tmissthetrain.________/theywouldnot……._______
(2)so+adj./adv....that…“如此……以致于…”,Shespokesofastthatnobodycouldcatchwhatshewassaying.倒装:
Sofrightenedwashethathecouldn’tsayaword.(3)such...that…such后可跟任何名词。
Such+a/an+形容词+单数名词+that从句=so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句。
TheJapanesestudentmadesuchrapidprogressthathesoonbegantowritearticleinChinese.Theprofessortoldussuchafunnystorythatallthestudentslaughed.=_____________________________________________________(4)suchthat多用于正式文体,主句为“主—系—表”句型。
Hisangerwassuchthathelostcontrolofhimself.Thedamagewassuchthatitwouldcostthousandstorepair.倒装:
SuchisthebeautyoftheGreatwallthatitisstillafavoriteofforeigners.转换:
___________________________________(5)特殊情况…somany/much/few/little……that…ThereissolittletimeleftthatIhavetotellyouaboutitlater.辨析:
ItsohappenedthatIcouldn’tattendthemeeting.翻译:
__________________6.条件状语从句
(1)if虚拟语气仅用if引导。
Youwouldknowwhatwasgoingonifyouhadlistened.辨别:
Idon’tknowifheisinthelabnow.
(2)unless在意义上相当于if...not,语气较强,翻译为“除非……否则……”。
You’llbelateunlessyouhurry.(3)ifonly但愿,要是…就好了.表示愿望或未实现条件Ifonlyitwouldstopraining.IfonlyIknewhername.IfonlyIhadgonebytaxi.(4)Onlyif=onlyonconditionthat“只要;
如果”。
注意倒装Onlyifthegreenlightcomesonarepeopleallowedtocrosstheroad.(5)as/solongas只要Youcanborrowthispenaslongasyoucankeepitwell.(6)provided(that)/providing(that)常接有利条件,“如果;
只要”。
We’llbuyeverythingyouproduce,providedofcoursethepriceisright.ProvidingyoupromisenottotellanyoneelseI’llexplainthesecret.(7)undertheconditionthat/onconditionthat前提是Theyagreedtolendusthecaronconditionthatwereturneditbeforetheweekend.Theyagreedundertheconditionthatthematterbedealtquickly.(8)Suppose/Supposing(that)常接有根据的假设Supposing(that)youarewrong,whatwillyoudothen?
Supposeitrainstomorrow,whatshallwedo?
(9)Themore…..(条件),themore(结果)……注意语序---“WhenshouldIaskhim?
”---“Thesoonerthebetter.”Thehigheryoustand,thefartheryouwillsee.(10)As/Sofaras仅限用于以下句型AsfarasIknow,Bettywonthefirstprize.AsfarasIamconcerned,……AsfarasIcansee(it;them),……(11)连词once(一旦)
Wedon’tknowwhattodonextoncethemoneyhasgone.7.让步状语从句
(1)although/though可与副词yet,still等副词连用但不与连词but连用;
though可用作副词用于句末,“然而,可是”Althoughtheyhavebeentalkingforalongtime,hecannotmakeherbelievehim.Hesaidhewouldcome;hedidn’t,though.though可以前置部分内容,参见倒装
(2)evenif“即使,纵然”,表示尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。
Evenifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tchangeourplan.(3)eventhough“虽然,尽管”,常表示已经发生的动作或存在的情况。
EventhoughIdidn’tunderstandaword,Ikeptsmiling.Ilikehereventhoughshecanbeannoying.(4)When虽然,然而,从句在后Hewalkswhenhemighttakeataxi.(5)while从句在句首,“虽然,尽管”WhileIunderstandyourpointofview,Idonotshareit.Whiletheyaremyneighbors,Idon’tknowthemwell.(6)whether...or…“无论…还是…”Whetherornotitrains/Whetheritrainsornot,weareplayingfootballonSaturday.Whetherhewillsucceedorfail,itdoesn’tmattermuchtome.(7)asAs在引导让步状语从句时必须前置部分内容,动词提前时从句要加情态动词may/might/can/could/will/would或助动词do/does/didTryashemight,hecouldn’topenthedoor.Happyastheywere,therewassomethingmissing.MuchasIadmirehiscourage,Idon’tthinkheactedwisely.Losemoneyashedid,hegotalotofexperience.注意:
Childas(though)heis,heknowsalot.(8)however无论以何种方式,不管怎样Youcantravelhoweveryoulike.(9)疑问词+ever=Nomatter+疑问词仅引导状语从句Whatever/Nomatterwhathesays,don’tgo.WheneverI’munhappy,hecheersmeup.Sheleavesherbedroomwindowopen,howevercolditis.8.方式状语从句
(1)As“以……方式;
如同……那样”,从句有时是省略句。
Leavethepapersastheyare.Youmaydoasyouplease.asitis,astheyare照现状看,看样子Wewerehopingtohaveaholidaynextweek-----asitis,wemaynotbeabletogetaway.
(2)asif/asthough“好像,仿佛”常用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反。
asif比asthough更为常用。
Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.Theoldmanrunsveryfastasifhewasayoungman.(3)Like=asif/asthough;
Like=asSheactslikesheownstheplace.Noonesingstheblueslikeshedoes.LikeIsaidyouarealwayswelcometostay.9.比较状语从句
(1)as...as…表示同级比较,中间用形容词或副词的原级,从句常为省略句。
Ihopeshewillmakeasmuchprogressasyou(havedone).Hedidn’tdoasmuchashehadpromised.程度so...as仅用于否定句。
It’snotsohardasIthought.
(2)than用形容词或副词的比较级形式,从句常常为省略句。
HehaslivedherelongerthanI(haslived).ItwasmuchbetterthanIhadexpected.(3)修饰比较级的副词及短语far,much,still,even,rather,any;abit,alittle,byfar,alot,agreatdeal(4)倍数表达法1.ApairofNiketrainerscouldcostuptofivetimesasmuchasasimilarLiningproduct.M5B52.Myhouseisthreetimesthesizeofhis.3.Myhouseisthreetimeslargerthanhis.(5)被比较的内容要一致,注意比较范围问题Theweatherhereishotterthanthatinyourhometown.Theboysinourclassaremoreactivethanthoseinyourclass.ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica/anyothercountryinAsia.10.省略现象
(1)若状语从句主谓语是itis,省略itisIfnecessary,Ifpossible,If(thereare)any,WhennecessaryIf(itis)important,I’llwritethisarticle.Changetheform(形式)where()necessary.
(2)或从句主语与主句主语一致,则省略主语及be动词Don’tspeakuntilspokento.Lookoutwhilecrossingtheroad.Hewouldn’tattendthemeeting,unlessinvitedto.