中考英语专题讲练状语从句解析版.docx

1、中考英语专题讲练状语从句解析版中考英语专题讲练：状语从句(解析版)状语从句知识精讲一、状语从句概述定义状语从句用作状语，是起副词作用的句子。位置状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开。分类根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。作用它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句子。二、状语从句的分类1. 时间状语从句用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句，具体用法如下表。从句引导词用法例句when/while/as(当时)when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性

2、动词，又可以是瞬时动词。when有时表示“就在那时”。1 1. When she came in, I stopped eating.(瞬时动词)当她进来的时候，我停下吃东西。2 2. When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.(延续性动词）当我住在乡下的时候，我经常带些水给他。while引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。while有时还可以表示对比。1 1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was

3、watching TV. (同时发生)当我妻子在读报纸的时候，我在看电视。2 2. I like playing football while you like playing basketball.（对比）我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。as表示“一边一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后”。1. We always sing as we walk. (一边一边)我们总是边唱边走。2. As we were going out, it began to snow.（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生）我们刚一出门就开始下雪了。before

4、 (在之前) before的本意为“在之前”，根据具体语境还可理解为“就/才”1 1. Make sure that all the lights are off before you go to bed. 睡前确定所有的灯都关上。2 2. You cant watch TV before you finish your homework.写完作业才能看电视。since (自从)表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。1. Its a long time since I met you last. 好久不见。2. Mr. Green

5、 has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.自从三年前来到中国，Mr. Green就在那所学校教书。since可以引导原因状语从句；一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”)，较为正式，语气比because弱。1 Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.既然今天你有时间，最好能帮我补补数学。till/until(直到)主句为肯定式，主句谓语动词必须为持续性动词，且该动词所表示的动作或状态一直

6、延续到 until / till 从句所表示的时间为止。1. He waited until/till I returned.他会等到我回来。2. He kept learning Math till his mother came back.直到他妈妈回来，他一直在学数学。主句为否定式（包括含no, nobody, nothing, never, hardly, little 等否定词的肯定句）一般先译从句“直到”，后译主句，not译成“才”，即“直到才” 1. He didnt leave until/till he was asleep.直到他睡着，他才离开。2. She didnt s

7、leep until/till I returned.她直到我回来才睡下。2. 结果状语从句结果状语从句的从句部分是补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果的，通常位于主句之后。引导结果状语从句的从属连词如下表。引导词构成备注例句sothat（如此以至于）1. so+adj./adv.+that 2. so+adj.(a/an)+n.+that so与表示数量的代词many，few，much，little等连用1. It was so hot that we wanted to go swimming.天如此热以至于我们想去游泳。2. The poor family has so little mon

8、ey that they cant afford the expensive car.这个家庭有如此少的钱，以至于买不起这昂贵的车。suchthat（如此以至于）such(+a/an)(+adj.)+n.+thatsuch与a lot of 组成固定搭配，此时a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配如：such a lot of people 1. He is such a marvelous joker that you cant help laughing.他是如此出色的一个段子手，以至你会不禁大笑。2. There are such a lot of people on the

9、beach that we have no place to enjoy our holiday.海滨有如此多的人，以至我们没地度假。3. 目的状语从句：从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的。1). so that 以便（达到某种目的）如：You must speak louder so that you can be heard by all.你要大点声说，这样大家就都能听到你了。2). in order that 为了，如：She got up early in order that she could get to school on time.=She got up earl

10、y in order to get to school on time.为了能够准时到校，她很早起床。4. 条件状语从句由连接词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。引导词用法例句if(如果)1. 由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。（真实条件句）构成：1) 主句：主语+ 一般将来时从句：if+主语+ 一般现在时2) 主句：祈使句从句：主语+ 一般现在时3) 主句：主语+情态动词从句：if+主语+ 一般现在时1. If you ask him, he will help you.如果你让他帮忙，他会帮的。2. Study hard, if you want to

11、 pass the exam.如果想通过考试，要努力学习。3. I can go with you if you want.如果你想，我可以跟你走。2. if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设；（非真实条件句）表示与现在事实相反的情况，构成：从句：if+主语+过去时(be动词均用were)主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do1. If I were you, I would invite him to the party.如果我是你，我就会邀请他去派对。2. If I had any money with me, I cou

12、ld lend you some.如果那会我有钱，我就会借给你。unless（除非）表示强烈的否定；意思上=if not翻译为：除非,若不,除非在的时候；1. You will fail unless you work harder.你如果不努力，就会失败。2. Dont come unless I call you.除非我叫你，否则不要来。as long as(只要就)as long as也表示一种条件，但不是很强烈，是一种假设的条件。I will be ready to help you as long as you need me.只要你需要，我随时可以帮忙。注意：1). unless

13、从句里的谓语只能是肯定式，因为unless本身表示否定；unless=if not，如：Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired. =If you are not too tired, lets go out for a walk.如果你不是很累，我们出去散个步吧。2). 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.如：If you will(愿意) wait a minute, Ill go and tell my mother that you are here.如果你愿意等一分钟，我将去告诉我

14、妈妈你在这里。3). 下列从句中的will不是将来时助动词，而是情态动词。翻译为“愿意”，如：If you will read the book, I will lend it to you.如果你愿意读书，我就会借给你。Will you marry me? 你愿意嫁给我吗？5. 让步状语从句1). 让步状语从句一般翻译为“尽管”或“即使”，就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说”的感觉。2). 引导让步状语从句的连词有:although, though, as, if, even if, even though, while, whether (.) or not, whatever, no ma

15、tter what/how/why，如：Though they are twin brothers, they dont look like each other.尽管他们是双胞胎，但看起来一点都不像。6. 地点状语从句引导词用法示例where（在地方）“where引导的地点状语从句，（there+）主句” “哪里哪里就”。主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用；主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there.Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。You should have put the book where you found it.你应该

16、把书放回原处。wherever（无论在哪）anywhere/wherever引导地点状语从句+主句。anywhere本身是个副词，但是常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相当于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。Wherever the sea is, you will find seaman.无论海在何处，你都能找到海员。Ill go anywhere you go.我会跟你去任何地方。7. 原因状语从句引导词用法示例as（既然）引导原因状语从句时表示附带。说明“双方已知的原因”，语气比si

17、nce弱，较为正式，位置较为灵活（常放于主句之前）。As the weather is cold, I stay at home.既然天很冷，我还是待在家里吧。As it is raining, youd better take a taxi.既然碗面下着雨，你最好打个车。since（因为）引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由（通常被翻译成“既然”），较为正式，语气比because弱。Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.既然人都到齐了，我们就开始开会吧。because（因为）引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后，表述

18、直接原因，语气较强，最适合why引导的疑问句。Because引导的原因状语从句有时可以与because of短语互换。The woman prefers winter because she can skate.这个女人更喜欢冬天，因为那时她可以滑冰。for（因为）引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些辅助性的补充说明，for引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后，并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。He must be ill, for he is absent today.他一定是生病了，因为今天他没来。三点剖析一、重难点：状语从句在三大从句中较为简单，不涉及语序变换，先行词判

19、断等复杂过程，我们只需要根据实际语境进行判断句子中缺什么东西，对应性地选出相应的关系词。然而有些关系词的意思比较多变，区分这些词在不同语境中的意思是这一部分的唯一难点。二、易错点：1. 状语从句的区分和转换sothat与enough to的转换当主句和从句的主语一致，且that从句是肯定句时，可用“enough to do sth.”来转换The man is so strong that he can lift the heavy box. The man is strong enough to lift the heavy box.当主句和从句的主语不一致，且that从句是肯定句时，可以用

20、“enough for sb. to do sth.”来替换，但注意不定式的宾语要省略。The question is so easy that I can work it out. The question is easy enough for me to work out.so.that.与too.to.的转换当主句和从句的主语一致，且that从句是否定句时，可以用“too.to.”来替换。The girl is so young that she cant dress herself. The girl is too young to dress herself. 当主句和从句的主语不一

21、致，且that从句是否定时，如果要用“too.to.替换“so.that.”，则用介词for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语，可以用“too.for sb. to do sth.”来替换，注意不定式的宾语要省略。The bag is so heavy that she cant move it. The bag is too heavy for her to move. It is so hot that we cant sleep. It is too hot for us to sleep. so.that.与suchthat的转换sothat与suchthat之间的转换既为so与such之间的转

22、换。Its such an interesting film that we all want to see it. Its so interesting a film that we all want to see it. 从用法上看，so后应接形容词或副词，而such后接名词(参见以上例句)。但有时“so+形容词”后还可接一个名词，且这个名词总是带不定冠词的单数可数名词(不能是复数名词或不可数名词)。试比较：正：He is so clever a child that we all like him.这小孩很聪明，我们都喜欢他。正：They are such clever children

23、 that we all like them. 误：They are so clever children that we all like them. 2. if在宾语从句和状语从句中不同的含义。在宾语从句中我们说过if在宾语和状语从句中意义不同，宾语从句中意为“是否”，而条件状语从句中作“如果”理解，如：I dont know if they will come tomorrow. 我不知道明天他们会不会来。If we I get any information about him, I will tell you.如果我得到他的任何信息，我都会告诉你。题模精选题模一：时间，结果，目的状语

24、从句例1.1.1 John fell asleep _ he was listening to the music.A afterB beforeC whileD as soon as例1.1.2 Can you play game with us when your homework _?A is finishedB will finishC finishD will be finished例1.1.3 Lin Shuhao is _ famous _ all the basketball fans in China know him.A too; toB enough toC so; th

25、atD as; as例1.1.4 Mr. Green speaks very loudly _ all the students can hear him clearly.A whenB so thatC becauseD in order to题模二：条件，原因，让步状语从句例1.2.1 You will fall behind others _ you work hard.A ifB unlessC thoughD since例1.2.2 We should give the boy another chance _ he has made some mistakes.A thoughB

26、whenC unlessD because例1.2.3 根据中文提示完成句子，每空一词。李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。Li Ming didnt come to school _ _ _ _.随堂练习随练1.1 Tom was sleeping _ his brother was reading a magazine.A untilB whileC beforeD after随练1.2 _ hes old, he can still carry this heavy bag.A ThoughB SinceC ForD So随练1.3 I was late for class yesterday

27、 _ there was something wrong with my bike.A whenB thatC untilD because随练1.4 We will stay at home if my aunt _ to visit us tomorrow.A comesB comeC will comeD is coming随练1.5 根据中文提示完成句子1. 无论他跟我开什么玩笑，我都不生气。I am not angry with him, _ _ _ jokes he _ on me.2. 布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当做母亲。Mrs. Bruce was _ kind

28、to her students _ they _ her _ their mother.3. 只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。Our parents will be pleased with our performance _ _ _ we try our best.4. 你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？Will you please call me _ _ _ you get to Shanghai?5. 这个七岁的女孩如此酷爱钢琴，以至于他已经坚持练习两年了。The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano _ _ _ she has

29、kept practicing for two years.随练1.6 -Do you know if he _ to play basketball with us?-I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow.A comes; isB comes; will beC will come; isD will come; will be自我总结课后作业作业1 You should finish your lessons _ you go out to play.A beforeB afterC whenD while作业2 I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.A sinceB so thatC as ifD unless作业3 When you read the b