室内环境监测系统外文文献.docx

1、室内环境监测系统外文文献Design and implementation of indoor environment fire alarm system based on Wireless Sensor NetworkAuthor: Xiu Wen Fu， Wenfeng Li， Lin Yang As a new network technology， wireless sensor networks （WSN） are widely used in various emergency events because of their strong local cooperative sen

2、sing and the ability to interpret data from the environment。 In this paper， we propose a fire alarm system called firealarming system indoor environment (fasie)， which innovatively integrates wireless fire alarm network with hand fire extinguishing rescue support system。 Unlike traditional wireless

3、sensor networks that implement fire networks, the fasie is able to fire into fire, including fire alarms, providing full range of services, firerescuing and Firefighter positioning. In order to explain Fahey better， we first give a general description of fasie and introduce the architecture of the s

4、ystem。 Then， the hardware and system performance are introduced。 Key words: Wireless Sensor Networks （WSN）, indoor environment, fire alarm system, handheld fire rescue support system 1 Introduction With the new manufacturing and integration technology， reduce the cost, the size of the wireless senso

5、r, we have witnessed another revolution, is conducive to the control and observation of our life and the physical world, as the network technology to do, micro sensors connected to each individual and organization deeply embedded into the physical environment of information exchange network we can o

6、bserve with the environment and in a loyal, previously not realtime humancomputer interaction。 As one of the most influential aspects of fire protection applications， public safety activities have also achieved significant benefits in the emergence of wireless sensor networks and their further devel

7、opment in 2. In this paper, we propose a wireless fire alarm system fire alarm system for indoor environment (fasie） the main contribution is the introduction of the wireless network and handheld fire alarm fire rescue fire alarm and rescue support system to provide comprehensive technical support。

8、The rest of this article is organized as follows. Section 51。2 describes the state-of-theart of existing fire alarm systems. In the 51.3 section， fasie is introduced from the point of view of system composition and function. The 51.4 section describes the fasie layered architecture. The 51.5 section

9、 introduces the key hardware of fasie。 The 51。6 part analyzes the performance of fasie. Finally, conclusions and future work are presented in sect。 51。7. 2 related work Because wireless sensor networks have great potential in the field of fire protection， many fire protection systems have been devel

10、oped based on WSN. But in most cases， the only purpose of the network is to obtain environmental data, which are collected and displayed in a base station, stored in a database， or sent to a remote location 3,4. Here, several representative proposals differ from the traditional paradigm as follows:

11、(1） CFFDRS 5 is a forest fire that has been extensively implemented in the United States and new zealand。 The main component of the system is the fire weather index （FWD), and this index is the key meteorological element through the fire, such as temperature, evaluation of relative humidity， wind sp

12、eed and precipitation. The acquisition of CFFDRS information relies on wireless sensor nodes deployed in thousands of forested areas. The CFFDRS monitoring network collects various information (e。g.， temperature， wind speed, and humidity）。 The base station of the monitoring network provides environm

13、ental information directly to the remote server。(2) scier 6 is a comprehensive system for the detection, monitoring and prediction of natural disasters。 Sciers target applications are urban and rural areas。 The unique component in scier is the local alarm control unit， used to control the wireless s

14、ensor network （WSN) and is responsible for the early detection, location and subsequent fire alarm function of the fire。 Scier develops wireless sensor nodes in two different urban and rural areas: citizens, masters， public sensors, sensors. The citizens of the owners， sensors, and sensors of public

15、 ownership, sensors， and installations are different, depending on their application scenarios。 (3) Eidos 7 is a comprehensive system including alarm， fire alarm and rescue。 The main component of the system is a network composed of thousands of sensor nodes, deployed in the field of unmanned aerial

16、vehicles (UAV）. Another key element of the system is the handheld device that firefighters carry。 The network is responsible for monitoring the monitoring area and sending environmental information to remote servers. Handheld devices are integrated with lightweight browsers that have access to remot

17、e databases or data centers。 In summary， although the system has experienced significant improvement compared with the traditional cases， most of them only focus on the realization of single professional fire alarm network or fire rescue support network， resulting in inability to undertake more comp

18、lex tasks. To a certain extent， they do waste a lot of resources. Therefore， the fasie aims to provide more comprehensive services for fire protection activities, including fire monitoring, fire fighting， rescue and fire personnel positioning. 3 system introduction The fasie system consists of two c

19、omponent application architectures： a wireless fire alarm network and a handheld fire rescue support system. Wireless fire alarm networks are deployed by hundreds of wireless sensor nodes in buildings and other application scenarios. Since wireless sensor nodes have specialized applications in fire

20、scenarios, each node is encapsulated in fire protection package。 With WSN forest monitoring, the main applications of fasie are mainly focused on indoor environmental monitoring. Therefore， the node is equipped with two power modules （battery module and fixed power module). When the fire happens， th

21、e wireless fire alarm network can detect the fire at once and send out alarm information to the base station. In fasie， the base station is a small high-performance embedded system with two communication interfaces （such as WiFi and 3G）， which can be deployed easily. When the base station receives t

22、he alarm information， the alarm information is forwarded to the monitoring platform through the WiFi， and corresponding evacuation and call service decisions are made according to the received information. A key element of the handheld fire rescue support system in FASIE is unique features that can

23、distinguish this system from other existing support systems for fire protection。 A handheld fire rescue system consists of two devices： a fire PDA and a wireless sensor node with a Bluetooth interface。 Portable wireless sensor nodes can share information with PDA via Bluetooth interface。 Information

24、 (such as RSSI and LQI） is dynamically self organized. Through the indoor environment location algorithm, PDA can access the accurate location of fire fighters and notify the supervision platform through the 3G network. In addition to indoor location services, the handheld fire rescue system also in

25、cludes outdoor location services and health status monitoring. With the support of the GPS chip within the PDA， the PDA is able to access the exact location and can provide great help to fire equipment and crew scheduling。 Because of the integration of multiple sensors for portable wireless sensor n

26、odes, wireless sensor nodes are able to sense the ambient environment and monitor the physical parameters of the firefighters。 Through the 3G network， the monitoring center can monitor the firefighters health and surrounding conditions。 When the fire fighters are in danger， supervise the platform an

27、d organize rescue immediately. In addition, since the handheld firealarming system is a lightweight browser integration, firefighters can access remote databases through Web services。4 Tier Architecture In order to improve the versatility， flexibility and scalability of the system， the fasie design

28、adopts a hierarchical architecture， followed by the open system interconnection reference model (OSI), and the 8 is divided into six layers。 From top to bottom, they are application layer, forwarding layer, assembly layer， link management layer, equipment layer and sensing layer。 1.as the lowest lev

29、el of the system， the perception layer is responsible for the environment awareness and information collection. In general, the sensing layer collects environmental information and information passed to the device layer via data interfaces （such as SPI and PC）. Depending on the device， the data rela

30、yed from the sensor layer is also different. For wireless sensor nodes, sensing layer mainly fuses smoke and temperature information。 For handheld devices, the sensor layer also includes physical parameters such as ECG and blood pressure， in addition to the environmental parameters mentioned above.

31、The selection of sensor and data interface and the configuration of sampling rate are the key technologies of sensor layer. 2。 the device layer is the basis of the system, and all client oriented functions must be implemented through this layer. The responsibility for the device layer is to provide

32、hardware support for wireless communications between devices (such as Wi-Fi， ZigBee， and Bluetooth)。 In general, the device layer mainly includes gateway devices， and its core technology is to realize the sharing of information。 There are many kinds of devices between different types and different d

33、ata interfaces。 3。 link management layer plays an important role in network self organization， and is considered as the main technical bottleneck that hinders the progress of WSN research。 The responsibilities of managing link layer include neighbor discovery， authentication and link estimation and selforganization。 In fasie, when a new