室内环境监测系统外文文献.docx

室内环境监测系统外文文献.docx

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室内环境监测系统外文文献

DesignandimplementationofindoorenvironmentfirealarmsystembasedonWirelessSensorNetwork

Author:

XiuWenFu，WenfengLi，LinYang

Asanewnetworktechnology，wirelesssensornetworks（WSN）arewidelyusedinvariousemergencyeventsbecauseoftheirstronglocalcooperativesensingandtheabilitytointerpretdatafromtheenvironment。

Inthispaper，weproposeafirealarmsystemcalledfirealarmingsystemindoorenvironment（fasie），whichinnovativelyintegrateswirelessfirealarmnetworkwithhandfireextinguishingrescuesupportsystem。

Unliketraditionalwirelesssensornetworksthatimplementfirenetworks,thefasieisabletofireintofire,includingfirealarms,providingfullrangeofservices,firerescuingandFirefighterpositioning.InordertoexplainFaheybetter，wefirstgiveageneraldescriptionoffasieandintroducethearchitectureofthesystem。

Then，thehardwareandsystemperformanceareintroduced。

Keywords:

WirelessSensorNetworks（WSN）,indoorenvironment,firealarmsystem,handheldfirerescuesupportsystem

1Introduction

Withthenewmanufacturingandintegrationtechnology，reducethecost,thesizeofthewirelesssensor,wehavewitnessedanotherrevolution,isconducivetothecontrolandobservationofourlifeandthephysicalworld,asthenetworktechnologytodo,microsensorsconnectedtoeachindividualandorganizationdeeplyembeddedintothephysicalenvironmentofinformationexchangenetworkwecanobservewiththeenvironmentandinaloyal,previouslynotreal—timehuman—computerinteraction。

Asoneofthemostinfluentialaspectsoffireprotectionapplications，publicsafetyactivitieshavealsoachievedsignificantbenefitsintheemergenceofwirelesssensornetworksandtheirfurtherdevelopmentin［2］.Inthispaper,weproposeawirelessfirealarmsystemfirealarmsystemforindoorenvironment（fasie）themaincontributionistheintroductionofthewirelessnetworkandhandheldfirealarmfirerescuefirealarmandrescuesupportsystemtoprovidecomprehensivetechnicalsupport。

Therestofthisarticleisorganizedasfollows.Section51。

2describesthestate-of-the—artofexistingfirealarmsystems.Inthe51.3section，fasieisintroducedfromthepointofviewofsystemcompositionandfunction.The51.4sectiondescribesthefasielayeredarchitecture.The51.5sectionintroducesthekeyhardwareoffasie。

The51。

6partanalyzestheperformanceoffasie.Finally,conclusionsandfutureworkarepresentedinsect。

51。

7.

2relatedwork

Becausewirelesssensornetworkshavegreatpotentialinthefieldoffireprotection，manyfireprotectionsystemshavebeendevelopedbasedonWSN.Butinmostcases，theonlypurposeofthenetworkistoobtainenvironmentaldata,whicharecollectedanddisplayedinabasestation,storedinadatabase，orsenttoaremotelocation[3,4].Here,severalrepresentativeproposalsdifferfromthetraditionalparadigmasfollows:

（1）CFFDRS［5］isaforestfirethathasbeenextensivelyimplementedintheUnitedStatesandnewzealand。

Themaincomponentofthesystemisthefireweatherindex（FWD）,andthisindexisthekeymeteorologicalelementthroughthefire,suchastemperature,evaluationofrelativehumidity，windspeedandprecipitation.TheacquisitionofCFFDRSinformationreliesonwirelesssensornodesdeployedinthousandsofforestedareas.TheCFFDRSmonitoringnetworkcollectsvariousinformation（e。

g.，temperature，windspeed,andhumidity）。

Thebasestationofthemonitoringnetworkprovidesenvironmentalinformationdirectlytotheremoteserver。

（2）scier［6]isacomprehensivesystemforthedetection,monitoringandpredictionofnaturaldisasters。

Scier'stargetapplicationsareurbanandruralareas。

Theuniquecomponentinscieristhelocalalarmcontrolunit，usedtocontrolthewirelesssensornetwork（WSN）andisresponsiblefortheearlydetection,locationandsubsequentfirealarmfunctionofthefire。

Scierdevelopswirelesssensornodesintwodifferenturbanandruralareas:

citizens,masters，publicsensors,sensors.Thecitizensoftheowners，sensors,andsensorsofpublicownership,sensors，andinstallationsaredifferent,dependingontheirapplicationscenarios。

（3）Eidos[7］isacomprehensivesystemincludingalarm，firealarmandrescue。

Themaincomponentofthesystemisanetworkcomposedofthousandsofsensornodes,deployedinthefieldofunmannedaerialvehicles（UAV）.Anotherkeyelementofthesystemisthehandhelddevicethatfirefighterscarry。

Thenetworkisresponsibleformonitoringthemonitoringareaandsendingenvironmentalinformationtoremoteservers.Handhelddevicesareintegratedwithlightweightbrowsersthathaveaccesstoremotedatabasesordatacenters。

Insummary，althoughthesystemhasexperiencedsignificantimprovementcomparedwiththetraditionalcases，mostofthemonlyfocusontherealizationofsingleprofessionalfirealarmnetworkorfirerescuesupportnetwork，resultingininabilitytoundertakemorecomplextasks.Toacertainextent，theydowastealotofresources.Therefore，thefasieaimstoprovidemorecomprehensiveservicesforfireprotectionactivities,includingfiremonitoring,firefighting，rescueandfirepersonnelpositioning.

3systemintroduction

Thefasiesystemconsistsoftwocomponentapplicationarchitectures：

awirelessfirealarmnetworkandahandheldfirerescuesupportsystem.Wirelessfirealarmnetworksaredeployedbyhundredsofwirelesssensornodesinbuildingsandotherapplicationscenarios.Sincewirelesssensornodeshavespecializedapplicationsinfirescenarios,eachnodeisencapsulatedinfireprotectionpackage。

WithWSNforestmonitoring,themainapplicationsoffasiearemainlyfocusedonindoorenvironmentalmonitoring.Therefore，thenodeisequippedwithtwopowermodules（batterymoduleandfixedpowermodule）.Whenthefirehappens，thewirelessfirealarmnetworkcandetectthefireatonceandsendoutalarminformationtothebasestation.Infasie，thebasestationisasmallhigh-performanceembeddedsystemwithtwocommunicationinterfaces（suchasWi—Fiand3G），whichcanbedeployedeasily.Whenthebasestationreceivesthealarminformation，thealarminformationisforwardedtothemonitoringplatformthroughtheWi—Fi，andcorrespondingevacuationandcallservicedecisionsaremadeaccordingtothereceivedinformation.AkeyelementofthehandheldfirerescuesupportsysteminFASIEisuniquefeaturesthatcandistinguishthissystemfromotherexistingsupportsystemsforfireprotection。

Ahandheldfirerescuesystemconsistsoftwodevices：

afirePDAandawirelesssensornodewithaBluetoothinterface。

PortablewirelesssensornodescanshareinformationwithPDAviaBluetoothinterface。

Information（suchasRSSIandLQI）isdynamicallyselforganized.Throughtheindoorenvironmentlocationalgorithm,PDAcanaccesstheaccuratelocationoffirefightersandnotifythesupervisionplatformthroughthe3Gnetwork.Inadditiontoindoorlocationservices,thehandheldfirerescuesystemalsoincludesoutdoorlocationservicesandhealthstatusmonitoring.WiththesupportoftheGPSchipwithinthePDA，thePDAisabletoaccesstheexactlocationandcanprovidegreathelptofireequipmentandcrewscheduling。

Becauseoftheintegrationofmultiplesensorsforportablewirelesssensornodes,wirelesssensornodesareabletosensetheambientenvironmentandmonitorthephysicalparametersofthefirefighters。

Throughthe3Gnetwork，themonitoringcentercanmonitorthefirefighter’shealthandsurroundingconditions。

Whenthefirefightersareindanger，supervisetheplatformandorganizerescueimmediately.Inaddition,sincethehandheldfirealarmingsystemisalightweightbrowserintegration,firefighterscanaccessremotedatabasesthroughWebservices。

4TierArchitecture

Inordertoimprovetheversatility，flexibilityandscalabilityofthesystem，thefasiedesignadoptsahierarchicalarchitecture，followedbytheopensysteminterconnectionreferencemodel（OSI）,andthe［8］isdividedintosixlayers。

Fromtoptobottom,theyareapplicationlayer,forwardinglayer,assemblylayer，linkmanagementlayer,equipmentlayerandsensinglayer。

1.asthelowestlevelofthesystem，theperceptionlayerisresponsiblefortheenvironmentawarenessandinformationcollection.Ingeneral,thesensinglayercollectsenvironmentalinformationandinformationpassedtothedevicelayerviadatainterfaces（suchasSPIandPC）.Dependingonthedevice，thedatarelayedfromthesensorlayerisalsodifferent.Forwirelesssensornodes,sensinglayermainlyfusessmokeandtemperatureinformation。

Forhandhelddevices,thesensorlayeralsoincludesphysicalparameterssuchasECGandbloodpressure，inadditiontotheenvironmentalparametersmentionedabove.Theselectionofsensoranddatainterfaceandtheconfigurationofsamplingratearethekeytechnologiesofsensorlayer.

2。

thedevicelayeristhebasisofthesystem,andallclientorientedfunctionsmustbeimplementedthroughthislayer.Theresponsibilityforthedevicelayeristoprovidehardwaresupportforwirelesscommunicationsbetweendevices（suchasWi-Fi，ZigBee，andBluetooth）。

Ingeneral,thedevicelayermainlyincludesgatewaydevices，anditscoretechnologyistorealizethesharingofinformation。

Therearemanykindsofdevicesbetweendifferenttypesanddifferentdatainterfaces。

3。

linkmanagementlayerplaysanimportantroleinnetworkselforganization，andisconsideredasthemaintechnicalbottleneckthathinderstheprogressofWSNresearch。

Theresponsibilitiesofmanaginglinklayerincludeneighbordiscovery，authenticationandlinkestimationandself—organization。

Infasie,whenanew