食品专业英语词汇.docx

1、食品专业英语词汇词头mono-一uni- 一bi-二di- 二tri- 三tertio-三tertrial-三tetra-四quart-四penta-五hexa-六hepta- 七octa-八nona-九deca- 十undeca-十一dodeca-十二trideca- 十三tetradeca-十四pentadeca-十五hexadeca-十六Heptadeca-十七Octadeca-十八Nonadeca-十九Arachidic-二十Methyl-甲基Ethyl-乙基Propyl-丙基Butyl-丁基Amyl-戊基Hexyl-己基Heptyl-庚基Octyl-辛基Nonyl-壬基Decyl-癸

2、基Cyclo-环Iso-异Hemi-半Semi-半Hemo-血Homo-同Holo-完全Heter(o)-杂，异，其它Ov-卵alkane烷烃 paraffin石蜡 olefin石蜡alkene烯烃 alkyne炔烃 alcohol醇ketone酮aldehyde醛phenol酚ether醚acid酸ester酯amine胺amide酰胺acylhalide酰卤halide卤代物quinone醌hyper-过于，超，极度super-过于，超，极度hypo-次，亚，在之下per-高oligo- 寡，少数的ortho- 正-，邻-，（o-）meta-偏-，间-，(m-)para-傍-，对-，副-n

3、ormal正-trans反-cis 顺-benzyl苄基benzoyl 苯甲酰（基）acetyl乙酰基propionyl丙酰基butyryl 丁酰基thionyl 亚硫酰基thio-硫-sulfonyl-磺酰fluoro-氟代chloro-氯代iodo-碘代bromo-溴代hydroxyl(l)-羟基carboxy(l)-羧基carbony(l)-羰基alkyl烷基alkoxyl烷氧基amido酰胺基amino氨基imino亚氨基sulfhydryl巯基guanidino胍基imidazole咪唑基methylol羟甲基methylene亚甲基primary伯-，一级secondary仲-，二

4、级tertiary叔-，三级quaternary 季-，四级2、词尾-ane-烷-ene-烯-yne-炔-enol-烯醇-ol-醇-al-醛-aldehyde-醛 -one-酮-amine-胺-amide-酰胺-imine-亚胺-ate-盐，-酯-ester-酯-ether-醚-ide-酐，-化-ite-亚盐-itol-糖醇-oside-糖苷-onic-酮酸，-糖酸-ose-醛糖-ulose-酮糖-an-聚糖-yl-基-genin-配基-ase-酶有机酸与核苷酸Formic acid甲酸Acetic a.乙酸Propionic a.丙酸Butyric a.丁酸Caproic a.己酸Hepto

5、ic a.庚酸Caprylic a.辛酸Capric a.癸酸Lauric a.月桂酸Myristic a.肉豆蔻酸Palmitic a.棕榈酸（软脂酸）Palmitoleic a.棕榈油酸Stearic a.硬脂酸Oleic a.油酸Linoleic a.亚油酸Linolenic a.亚麻酸eicosanoic花生酸，二十烷酸Arachidonic花生四烯酸butannoic丁酸hexanoic己酸heptylate, heptanoate庚酸octanoic, octoic辛酸decanoic癸酸dodecanoic十二酸tetradecanoic十四酸hexadecanoic十六酸9-h

6、exadecenoic十六-9-烯酸octadecanoic十八酸9-octadecenoic十八-9-烯酸9,12,15-octadecatrienoic十八碳三烯酸Arachidic 二十酸5,8,11,14-eicostetraenoic二十碳四烯酸13-docosenoic二十二碳-13-烯酸Citric 柠檬酸Lactic乳酸Acetic乙酸，醋酸Malic 苹果酸Tartaric 酒石酸Oxalic 草酸Amber 琥珀酸Fumaric 富马酸Succinic 琥珀酸Tannic 丹宁酸Tannin单宁Benzoic 苯甲酸Sorbic 山梨酸Adenosine(A)腺苷Guano

7、sine(G)鸟苷Cyridine(C)胞苷Uridine(U)尿苷Thymine(Thy)胸腺嘧啶Cytosine(Cyt)胞嘧啶Uracil(Ura)尿嘧啶Nucleic acid核酸Nucleotide核苷酸Ribonucleic acid核糖核酸Deoxyribonucleic脱氧核糖核酸Nucleoside核苷Ribose核糖Purine嘌呤Adenine(Ade)腺嘌呤Guanine(Gua)鸟嘌呤Pyrimidine嘧啶糖类与脂类furanose呋喃糖pyranose吡喃糖arabinose阿拉伯糖xylose木糖ribose核糖glucose葡萄糖fructose果糖galac

8、tose半乳糖mannose甘露糖sorbose山梨糖fucose岩藻糖galacturonic acid半乳糖醛酸glucuronic acid葡萄糖醛酸oligosaccharide寡糖oligose寡糖polysaccharide多糖polyose多糖mucopolysaccharide粘多糖sucrose蔗糖maltose麦芽糖isomaltose异麦芽糖dextrin糊精cyclodextrin环状糊精amylose直链淀粉amylopectin支链淀粉glycogen糖原cellulose纤维素hemicellulose半纤维素pectic substances果胶质protope

9、ctin原果胶levulose左旋糖dextrose右旋糖monosaccharide单糖monose单糖monosaccharose单糖disaccharide双糖disaccharose双糖triose三碳糖tetrose四碳糖aldose醛糖Ketose酮糖homoglycan同（均）聚糖heteroglycan杂聚糖glycan聚糖glycosan聚糖glucan葡聚糖fructosan果聚糖xylan木聚糖mannan甘露聚糖hexosan己聚糖glycoside糖苷，配糖物glucosyl葡萄糖（基）glycerol甘油glycerine甘油glycoritol甘油酸盐glycer

10、ate甘油糖醇sorbitol山梨糖醇glucitol葡萄糖醇xylitol木糖醇mannitol甘露糖醇syrup糖浆golden syrup糖蜜，佐餐糖浆molasses（废）糖蜜caramel焦糖，酱色molasses mass废糖蜜浆caramelize焦糖化saturated fatty acid饱和脂肪酸glyceride甘油酯glycerin ester甘油酯 triglyceride甘油三酸酯tristearin三硬脂酸甘油酯glycerin单硬脂酸甘油酯triolein三油酸甘油酯phosphatide磷脂phospholipid磷脂glycerophospholipid甘油

11、磷脂lecithin卵磷脂cephalin脑磷脂glycolipid糖酯choline胆碱inositol肌醇ethanolamine乙醇胺sterol固醇cholesterol胆固醇steroid类固醇化合物5、分析reagent试剂sequestering agent螯合剂chelating agent螯合剂qualitative analysis定性分析quantitative analysis定量分析methyl red甲基红methyl orange甲基橙neutral red中性红sensuous identification感观鉴定optical analysis光学分析accu

12、racy准确度precision精密度deviation偏差error误差visible - ultraviolet 可见-紫外absorbance吸光度spectral curve光谱曲线titrimetry 滴定分析standard curve标准曲线standardization标定fluorometry荧光分析法fluorescence荧光spectrometry光谱测定法mass spectrometry质谱法volumetric flask容量瓶beaker烧杯flask烧瓶conical flask三角瓶graduated cylinder量筒funnel漏斗desiccator

13、干燥器desiccant干燥剂drying oven烘箱defecate用石灰澄清defect缺陷，疵病6、无机盐sodium carbonate碳酸钠sodium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠sodium bisulphate硫酸氢钠Sodium bisulphate亚硫酸氢钠phosphite亚磷酸盐phosphate磷酸盐disodium phosphate磷酸氢二钠phosphide磷化物Mono-sodium phosphate磷酸氢钠nitrate硝酸盐Nitrite亚硝酸盐Sulphur(S)硫Sulphuric acid硫酸Sulphate(sulfate)硫酸盐Sulphu

14、rous acid亚硫酸Sulphite(sulfite)亚硫酸盐Sulphide(sulfide)硫化物oxide氧化物fluoride氟化物fluorine氟chloride氯化物chlorine(Cl)氯bromide溴化物bromine(Br)溴iodide碘化物iodine(I)碘carbide碳化物silicate硅酸盐iodate碘酸盐Chloride漂白粉bleaching powder漂白粉high test hypochlorite漂白精Hypochlorite次氯酸盐Perchlorate高氯酸盐Chlorate正氯酸盐Hydroxide氢氧根离子Chlorinity氯含

15、量Cyanide氰化物Cyanic acid氰酸7食品化学emulsifier乳化器，乳化剂emulsion乳浊液Glycerin monostearate单硬脂酸甘油酯Soybean phospholipid大豆磷脂spicery香料，佐料seasoning佐料，调味料seasoner佐料，调味料Seasoning matter佐料，调味料Sweet orange oil甜橙油Mandarin oil橘子油Lemon oil柠檬油Spearmint oil 薄荷油vanillin香兰素maltol麦芽酚ethylmaltol乙基麦芽酚Active carbon活性碳diatomaceous硅

16、藻土kaolin高岭土，白陶土antifoamer消泡剂antiadhesive抗粘着剂Anti-caking agent抗结块剂Benzyl acetate乙酸苄酯antimold防霉剂Isoamyl acetate乙酸异戊酯Antiseptic agent消毒剂Sweetener甜味剂Antitoxic解毒剂Thickener增稠剂Synergist增效剂Sodium alginate海藻酸钠Stabilizer稳定剂carboxy methyl cellulose羧甲基纤维素adsorption isotherm 吸附等温线desorption解吸resorption回吸moisture

17、湿度，水分centrifugate离心clarify澄清，净化clarification澄清，净化homogenize均质，均化homogenate匀浆emulsify乳化Deshell脱壳Decorticate脱皮Degum脱胶Defatting脱脂Dehull脱壳Degrease脱脂Hygroscopicity吸湿性Diffusion扩散性Viscosity粘性，粘度Volatility挥发性Plasticity可塑性permeability渗透性Impermeability不渗透性，气密性Osmotic pressure渗透压Depolymerize解聚Hydrolysis水解作用Pyr

18、olysis热解，高温分解Browning褐变Rancidity酸败Palatability可口性Lubrication润滑Solubility溶解度/性Solvability溶解能力Dipolar偶极Dielectric constant介电常数Equilibrium constant平衡常数8 常见食品分类名词mango芒果cashew腰果pomegranate石榴guava番石榴Passion fruit西番莲mandarin(e)蜜橘，橘orange橙Litchi, lychee荔枝longan龙眼plum李，梅jujube枣hawthorn山楂papaya木瓜sugar cane甘蔗

19、Betel nut, areca槟榔Chinese mustard芥菜cinnamon肉桂clove丁香menthol薄荷onion洋葱ginger姜scallion葱chive细香葱leek韭菜garlic蒜头garlic sprouts蒜苗mustard芥末spice香料essence香精sesame芝麻soy sauce酱油beef牛肉pork猪肉mutton羊肉flesh of rabbit/hare兔肉fish flesh鱼肉seaweed海藻laver紫菜bean curd豆腐sausage香肠margarine人造黄油yogurt酸奶yolk蛋黄Sauerkraut泡菜pickl

20、ed cabbage 腌菜Chinese cabbage大白菜spinach菠菜eggplant茄子bitter melon苦瓜bitter gourd苦瓜cucumber黄瓜cucumber in soy酱黄瓜wax gourdwhite gourd冬瓜冬瓜cantaloup香瓜，甜瓜pumpkin南瓜dishcloth gourd丝瓜pea豌豆，青豆soy bean, soya黄豆，大豆peanut花生carrot胡萝卜Chinese radish萝卜lotus root藕Cassava, manioc木薯9 微生物学名Aspergillus曲霉属A.flavus黄曲霉A.foetidus

21、臭曲霉A.niger黑曲霉A.oryzae米曲霉A.usamii宇佐美曲霉Absidia梨头霉属Acetobacter醋酸杆菌属Agaricus蘑菇属Bacillus芽孢杆菌属Bacillus subtilis枯草芽孢杆菌Brevibacterium短杆菌属Candida假丝酵母属Clostridium梭状芽孢杆菌属Corynebacterium棒杆菌属Escherichia coli大肠埃希氏菌Hansenula汉逊酵母属Lactobacillus乳杆菌属Mucor毛霉属Rhizopus根霉属Rhodotorula红酵母属Saccharomyces酿酒酵母属Salmonella沙门氏菌属st

22、reptococcus链球菌属Trichoderma木霉属Trichoderma viride绿色木霉Willianus威尔酵母菌10食品微生物及发酵diplobacillus双杆菌colony菌落spore芽孢，孢子capsule荚膜bacteriophage噬菌体family科hypha菌丝spore孢子Infect感染，传染Infuse浸制，泡制Commercial fermentation工业发酵Feeding进料Diffuse浸提Corrupt腐败的，不洁Defoam消泡De-esterification脱脂作用Degeneration退化Degrade退化，降解Depurate净化

23、，精制Desiccate干燥Dextrine糊精Assimilation同化作用dissimilation异化作用nitrification硝化作用denitrification反硝化作用Nitrogen fixation固氮作用Pasteur fixation巴氏效应fermentability可发酵性Homofermentation同型发酵heterofermentation异型发酵Autolysis自溶现象Schizogenesis裂殖Budding芽殖Dormancy休眠Lag phage延滞期Decline phase衰亡期Stationary phase稳定期Exponential

24、 growth指数生长期Recipient受体Log phage对数生长期Corrosive腐败性，腐蚀性deastringent脱涩Clone克隆Mutation突变Mutant突变体Mutagenesis诱变Mutagen诱变剂 Variation变异Genotype基因型Prototroph原氧型Auxotroph营养缺陷型nutrient agar营养琼脂nutrient broth营养肉汤bean sprouts medium豆芽汁培养基agar 琼脂meat extract肉膏beef extract牛肉膏malt wort麦芽汁yeast extract酵母膏agar slant

25、 琼脂斜面contaminant污染物（杂菌）inoculum接种物inoculation接种inoculate接种culture transferring移菌aseptic technique无菌操作cultivation培养purification纯化sterilization灭菌autoclave高压灭菌tyndallization间歇分段）灭菌filtration sterilization过滤除菌inactivate钝化，灭活incineration灼烧灭菌pasteurization巴氏消毒法confection糖食，糖果candy糖果，蜜饯colloid胶体，胶态colloid mill胶体磨congeal凝固，冻凝order目fungi真菌fruiting子实体exospore外生孢子parasexuality准性