高考英语争分夺秒15天10定语从句.docx

1、高考英语争分夺秒15天10定语从句2019高考英语争分夺秒15天：10.定语从句第一部分:基础知识一、定语从句概述定语可以由形容词，代词，数词，名词，不定式，介词短语来充当。如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句，又可称为形容词性从句。定语从句通常修饰某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的这一名词或代词叫先行词，它位于定语从句之前，定语从句在先行词后面，应尽量紧跟先行词。定语从句的作用即在于对先行词进行限定说明或补充说明。二、定语从句的引导词。定语从句的引导词分为两类，关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose和关系副词when,where,why，引导词在先行词和定语从

2、句之间，既起连接作用，即连接先行词和定语从句，更重要的是，它又在定语从句中作一个成分。三、关系代词1.that指人，物，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语。HeisthesingerthatImetyesterday.2.which指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，在非限定定语从句中充当定语，或者代替前句Thefilmwhichwesawlastnightwasmoving.3.who指人，在从句中作主语，宾语。ThemanwhoyoujusttalkedtoisTom.4.whom指人，在从句中作宾语。Thatistheprofessorwhomyouwanttoknow.5.whose指人，物，在从句中

3、作定语，相当于先行词+s,后接一名词。Iknowtheboywhoseparentsaredead.【注】：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。四、关系副词关系副词在从句中作状语，有时相当于介词+which，其中which指代先行词不可以指示整个句子。1，when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，相当于at/on/in/duringwhich.Illneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)IreachedthetopoftheHuangshanMountain.2，where指地点，在从句中作地点状语，相当于at/in/to/which.Thisistheschoolwhere(a

4、twhich)Istudied.3，why指原因，在从句中作原因状语，相当于forwhich.Thatstherealreasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslate.第二部分：关系代词的特殊用法一关系代词指物时,用that而不用which的情况:1，先行词为something,anything,nothing,everything以及all,much,little,alot,none,few等不定代词时。MymotherwassoproudofallthatIdid2，先行词有thelast,thevery,theonly以及all,much,few,no,any,little等修饰

5、时。ThisistheverybookthatImlookingfor.3，先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatIveeverseen.4，thesame修饰先行词时,定语从句要用that或as引导,但意义不同。ThisisthesamewatchasIlostlastSunday.(表示相同但并非同一)ThisisthesameknifethatIusedyesterday.(表示就是那个)5，先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that。DoyourememberthebookanditsauthorthatappearedonTV

6、lastSunday6，Therebe后面的定语从句多用that引导,不用which。Theresaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.7，句子前面出现了who,which时,后面的定语从句用that引导。Theybuiltafactorywhichmadesomenewproductsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.Whoisthemanthatyouweretalkingaboutjustnow?8，关系代词在定语从句作表语时,常用that,而不用which、who。Myhometownisnotthesmallvillagethatitwa

7、s10yearsago.Tomisntthemanthatheusedtobe(二)关系代词指人时,有时只用who,而不用that。1，先行词为指人的代词one,those,theman,以及人称代词如he等。Thosewhoareoftenlateforschoolshouldbepunished.HewhodoesntreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.2，先行词为someone(somebody),noone(nobody),anyone(anybody),everyone(everybody)。Anyonewhowouldliketoattendthepart

8、yshouldcomeontime.3，先行词指人时,如有序数词,最高级,thevery,theonly,thelast等修饰,定语从句既可用that也可用who引导。Heisthefirststudentwho/thatworkedouttheproblem.(三)关系代词whose的用法：1，whose在从句中作定语，表示“先行词的”，既可指人，也可指物。Johnismybestfriend,whosefatherisascientist.Theoldmanlivedinthehousewhosewindowwasbroken.2，whose可以转换为ofwhich物和ofwhom人。1)

9、Thedictionarywhosecoverismissingismine.(划线部分可改为thecoverofwhich或ofwhichthecover)2)TheyalsoinvitedMrWang,whosecarwasstolenlastSunday.(划线部分可改为thecarofwhom或ofwhomthecar)(四)which的特殊用法：1，关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句,有时不是修饰某个先行词,而是指代主句的全部或部分内容。特别注意，非限定定语从句中prep+which时，which只能指代先行词，不可以指代句子。1Helenoftencamelate,which

10、madetheclassteacherangry.2，which有时可在定语从句中作定语,含义上相当于指示代词this/that。1)HestayedinEnglandfor5years,duringwhichtimehelearnedEnglishwell.2)Itmayrainhardtomorrow,inwhichcaseIwontgofishing.【注】：which的这种用法与whose作定语不同。whose表示“先行词的”。Theyretalkingaboutafilm,whosenameIhaveforgotten.3，以介词结尾的动词不定式作定语时,可借关系代词which把介词

11、前置。1TomorrowwouldbeChristmasDay,andshehadonly$1.87withwhichtobuyJimapresent.2Thosepoorpeoplehadnohousestolivein/inwhichtolive.【注】如果先行词指人，关系代词用whom。IwanttofindapersontotraveltoEnglandwith/withwhomtotraveltoEngland.(五)关系代词as的用法：1.引导限制性定语从句：当先行词有such,so,thesame等修饰时,关系代词要用as；as在从句中可作主语，宾语和表语。1).Ihavenev

12、erseensuchakindgirlassheis.2).Heissuchagoodteacher(sogoodateacher)aseverystudentrespects.比较：Heissuchagoodteacher(sogoodateacher)thateverystudentrespectshim.(此句为such/sothat引导的结果状语从句)3).Suchastudentasoftenstudieshardissuretopassthisexam.4).HeboughtthesamebikeasIdidlastweek.区别thatIdidlastweek2.引导非限制性定语

13、从句：as不修饰某个先行词，而是指代主句的全部或部分内容，可译为“这一点，此事；正如”，或不译。这种从句可位于句首、句中或句尾。常见于asweallknow，ashasbeensaidabove，asisusual，asisoftenthecase，aseverybodycansee，asisknowntousall等结构。1).Hehaspassedtheexam,asisapleasuretous.2).Asweallknow,theearthmovesaroundthesun.3).Thisexperiment,asyouhadexpected,succeededatlast.3.，如前

14、所述,which也可引导这种从句,两者常可互换。(非限定性定语从句谓语句末且指代前面的主句)1Thosetwostudentsarewearingthesameclothes,which/asisveryinteresting.2Theycametothepartyontime,as/whichhadbeenexpected.但在以下两种情况下有区别：1).as从句可位于句首(或主句前),而which从句只能在主句后。Asisoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.2).关系代词作主语时,如果从句的谓语是及物动词+宾语的结构,那么只能用whi

15、ch。Hisfatherdiedinatrafficaccident,whichmadeusgreatlysurprised.3当which在从句中指代的是先行词而不是主句，只能用whichThecar,whichwesawontheplayground,isMikes.4“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，只能用which。RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable.5当后置的非限定性定语从句是否定结构时只能用which引导。Heresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,whi

16、chwehadntexpected6“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，只能用which。RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable.第三部分：关系副词的特殊用法一关系副词when,where,why的用法：1.关系代词(which/that)与关系副词(when,where,why)的选取方法：A)当先行词是定语从句中的主语或宾语时，选用关系代词。关系代词指代先行词，并代替先行词在从句中作主语或宾语。B)如果先行词不是定语从句中的主语或宾语,先行词前面需要加上一个介词才能在从句中作成分的时候,选用关系

17、副词。关系副词在从句中作状语，常可转换为“介词+which”。1)Doyourememberthedaywhich/thatwespentinthemountainvillage?Doyourememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)wevisitedthemountainvillage?2)Thisisthefactorywhich/thatwevisitedlastyear.Thisisthefactorywhere(=inwhich)heworkedlastyear.3)Wedontbelievethereasonwhich/thathegaveforhiscominglat

18、e.Wedontknowthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hehaschangedhismind.2.关系副词where的从句还可以修饰point，situation，case，activity,scene,stage等地点意味不明显的先行词。关系副词when的从句可以修饰occasion,stay等时间意味不明显的先行词。关系副词why只修饰reason这一个先行词。1)Nowyoucanseewevecometothepointwhereachangeisbadlyneeded.2)TodaywelldiscusssomecaseswherebeginnersofEnglish

19、failtouseitproperly.3)TherearefewoccasionswhenmystudentscantunderstandwhatIteachinclass.3.when和where在少数情况下可作介词宾语。1).Thenaughtyboywashiddenbehindthedoor,fromwherehesawhismotherwalkingintothehouse.where指代behindthedoor。不能换为which，因为which只能指代thedoor2).TheywenttoAmericanthreeyearsago，sincewhentheyhavelive

20、dthere.(when指代threeyearsago。不能换为which，因为which只能指代threeyears=andsincethen)(二)that在有些句型中可视为关系副词：1way后面的定语从句常用that或inwhich引导,但可省略。Idontliketheway(that/inwhich)youspeaktoyourparents.Theway(inwhich/that)heworkedontheproblemwaswrong.注：如果way在从句中作主语或宾语,应该用关系代词which/that。Heexplainedtheprobleminawaythat/which

21、everyonecouldaccept.2.Itis(about,high)timethat(正)是的时候了。that从句中常用一般过去时,that在口语中可省略。Itwashightimethatwestoppedpollution.Itistimethatyouhadlunchnow.比较Therewasatimewhen(duringwhich)wewereshortofoil.3.Thisisthefirst(second,last)timethat(从句中常用完成时态)Thisis/willbethelasttimethatIhavecometoChina.Itwasthefirst

22、timethathehadbeeninvitedtoChina.第四部分：定语从句有关要注意的问题(一)关系代词作主语时,要注意从句中谓语动词的单复数。1.先行词只有oneof修饰时,从句谓语用复数。HeisoneofthestudentsinourclasswhohavebeentoHainan.Thisisoneofthebestbooksthatwerewrittenbythewriter.2.oneof前有the，theonly，thevery，thefirst时,从句谓语用单数。Tomistheonly/veryoneoftheboyswhoknowsthetruth.(二)定语从句

23、的隔离现象：1定语从句和先行词之间有时会被状语,定语或者其他成分隔开,要注意找准先行词。ThefilmbroughtthehoursbacktomewhenIwastakengoodcareofinthatvillage.Istherearestaurantaroundwherewecanhavelunch?(aroundadv.在周围)Thedaysaregonewhenweusedforeignoil.(主句谓语较短,隔开先行词与定语从句)2.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的后面有时会出现插入语。1)HeisthemanwhoIthinkisfitforthejob.2)-Isthatthe

24、smalltownyouoftenreferto?-Right,justtheonewhereyouknowIusedtoworkforyears.(三)定语从句中有时会使用倒装语序：Threedayslater,wefoundanoldhouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtree.Finallytheyclimbedupthemountain,abovewhichappearedabeautifulrainbow.(四)注意区别定语从句和其他从句：1.区别where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句。(最明显的区别是定语从句一定有先行词)Afterthewar,anewsch

25、oolwasputupwheretherehadoncebeenatheatre.(状语从句)Anewschoolwasputupattheplacewheretherehadoncebeenatheatre.(定语从句)2.区别“介词+which”的定语从句和“介词+what”的宾语从句。1)Thisisthecompanyinwhichheworkedthreeyearsago.(which引导定语从句)2)Amoderncityhasbeensetupinwhatwasawastelandtenyearsago.(what宾语从句)3.区别that的定语从句和同位语从句。Thenewst

26、hathewonthematchmadeusexcited.(同位语从句)Thenews(that)hetoldusmadeusveryexcited.(定语从句)【注】：同位语从句中that不作句子成分,但不能省略，去掉that从句仍然完整。定语从句中that是关系代词，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。【高考链接】1.(2017高考英语上海秋季卷,38)Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy_wemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich2.(2017高考英语重庆卷,28)Inc

27、hina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing_developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.A.where B.which C.whose D.that3.(2017高考英语浙江卷,3)Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof_lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A、whom B、which C、them D、those4.(2017高考英语天津卷,8)CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?

28、Youshouldtrythebarbers_Igo.Itsonly15.A.asB.whichC.whereD.that5.(2017高考英语四川卷,10)Aftergraduatingfromcollege，Itooksometimeofftogotravelling，_turnedouttobeawisedecision、A、thatB、whichC、whenD、where6.(2017高考英语上海春季卷,40)Samuelsurvivedwhenthecar_hewasapassengerinturnedofftheroadandhitatree.A、where B、that C、as

29、 D、why7.(2017高考英语陕西卷,11)Theoldtemple_roofwasdamagedinastormisnowunderrepair.A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose8.(2017高考英语山东卷,24)Thatsthenewmachine_partsaretoosmalltobeseen.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what9.(2017高考英语江西卷,31)Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersister_shewouldstayforanhour.Awhe

30、re Bwho Cwhich Dwhat10.(2017高考英语江苏卷,32)Thenewlybuiltcaf,thewallsof_arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,speciallyafterhardwork.A.thatB.itC.whatD.which11.(2017高考英语湖南卷,28)Ivebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool_ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.who B.where C.when D.whi

31、ch12.(2017高考英语福建卷,24)StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet_lifehasdevelopgradually.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose13.(2017高考英语大纲全国I卷,24)Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,_isnamedafterhisgrandfather.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that14.(2017高考英语大纲全国II卷,16)Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething_wassomeoneelsesfault.A.whoB.thatC.asD.what15.(2017高考英语北京卷,27)Childrenwhoarenotactiveor_dietishighinfatwil