语法填空做题技巧.docx

1、语法填空做题技巧语法填空考纲解读语法填空题是在一篇200词左右的材料中留出10处空白，要求考生根据句子结构的语法性和上下文的连贯性，命题方式有两种，一是有提示词的（7个设空）；二是没有提示词的（3个设空）。语法填空考查点名词形容词副词动词+非谓语动词冠词代词介词连接词2014全国I 14210022014全国II 02501112016全国I02311132016全国II11411022015全国I 12401112015全国II1241011请谨记：十个必考语法点包括动词两个，名词一个，形容词一个，副词一个，连词一个，还有三个空考点在冠词，介词，代词，连词，固定句式或者语境填词。做完一定要检

2、查填写的动词时态，三单，连词（并列连词和从属连词）别混淆but, and或者where, that, what。语篇型语法填空题备考思路大致有如下特点：一、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，可能需要填写两个或三个词，或是填写非谓语动词；二、给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；三、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；四、不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。有提示词 ： 考查 谓语动词 非谓语动词 形容词 副词 无提示词 ：考查 冠词 介词 连词 代词 【语法填空考点】纯空格题：冠词：a,a

3、n,the指示代词：this,that,those,these人称代词：I，me,them,they,he,his等形容词性物主代词：your,my,his,its等名词性物主代词：mine,his,its,hers,yours,ours等反身代词：themselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,itself,ourselves等 代词不定代词：another,other,some,many,much, little,anything,somebody,no,such等关系代词：who,whom,which,that,as等疑问代词：what,wh

4、atever,which,who等 介词：in,at,on,above,below,through,across,onto,into,over,after,before,as(做为)等从属连词：since(既然，自从),because,as(因为),although,though,after,before 连词并列连词: but,not only.but also.;or,and,for（因为）等 起连接作用的副词：however,therefore,thus,besides，then,next,first,also,instead，too,never,not等有提示题： 谓语动词的时态和语态

5、（主谓一致）表具体某次情况：to do非谓语动词 作主语/宾语 表习惯/一般情况：doing 作目的/结果/形容词后的状语：to do(adj. enough to do,too.to do,only to do等) 主动或正在进行：doing作定语/状语/补语： 被动或完成：done 未发生：to do形容词和副词及其对应的比较级、最高级和词类转换（词性转换、加否定或反义的前/后缀）等。【语法填空七字诀】“全”：看完整句；“位”：确定空格所处的位置，分清在句子当中充当什么作用（词性为主）；“考”：知道考什么；“形”：知道用什么形式（主被动，词性的变化，特别是不规则词形的变化和书写等）；“断”

6、：对于长难句，要学会断句（断成相对完整的小单位，使空格的位置明朗化）；“删”：对于复杂句，要学会删掉修饰部分，让句子的基本结构浮出水面。“查”：填完后，读一遍，看是否自然通顺、前后一致、符合逻辑，看整体是否完整。语法填空解题方法技巧类型1：有提示词 (用所给词的适当形式填空)1.括号内提供动词首先考虑：动词的数就是三单、时态和语态；其次考虑：非谓语动词（to do/doing/done）注意：动词和非谓语动词的判定（很重要）所给空格是动词时，首先要找出句子谓语动词。若是找不到谓语动词，则空格处的动词即为该句谓语动词，此时要考虑时态、语态或第三人称单数。若是找到了句子的谓语动词，则空格处的动词就

7、要考虑“非谓语动词”啦。一般来说，doing表主动+进行，done表被动或完成，to do表将来发生或目的。最后考虑：该动词的名词、形容词形式。如果所给的是amaze，disappoint，embarrass，amuse，frighten，excite，surprise等一类的动词，则首先要考虑变-ing形式或-ed形式。最后考虑虚拟语气：在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气，“should”常被省略。We suggested that the meeting should_（be） put off.They insist

8、ed that the boy go (go) with them.常用的此类动词有：表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：propose, suggest, recommend, advise.表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg表示“同意，坚持”的：insist表示“决定，命令”的：decide, order（2015全国I）Yangshuo67 (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers conducted by the websiteTrip Advisor names Yangshuo

9、as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 考查时态和第三人称单数。（2015全国I）It was raining lightly when I 61 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. （2014全国II）A boy on a bike _45_ （catch）my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. 考查时态，一般过去时。(2016全国卷) So it was a great honor to be invite

10、d backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.（2015全国II）The adobe dwellings(土坯房)41(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of archite

11、cts and engineers. 句子谓语是are admired by，故build部分只能“沦落为”非谓语动词啦。（2016全国卷）My ambassadorial duties will include _67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.（2014全国I）While there are 68 （amaze）stories of instant transformat

12、ion形容词修饰名词。（2016全国卷） Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top_61_ (attract).1.动词的时态和语态(1). The sun was setting down when my car _ ( break ) down near a remote and poor village .(2). I _ (impress) by its garden-

13、like campus, its enthusiastic students and especially its learning atmosphere. (3). That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _ (close) my book and walked away. 【小结】 动词的时态、语态是每年的考点， 也是历年高考重点考查的项目，通常1-2道题。 重点考查的是时态 ，且多与语态一起考查。时态理解错误在考生中是常见的， 把握命题人的意图是至关重要的。【解题思

14、路】1). 先判断所给动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，2). 谓语动词的话，判断用主动语态还是被动语态，3). 判断用哪种时态（根据时间状语、另一动词或具体的语境、）。4). 确定所填动词的形式，保证谓语动词时态、语态、人称和数的一致。5). 特别注意：时态变化时不规则动词的拼写。考点2 . 非谓语动词(1). Miss Bean expected me to have my own opinion about difficult questions and taught me that _ (think) for oneself was the real key to success in l

15、earning.(2). With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ (buy) presents for my dad. (3). _ (approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.(4). The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ (carry) out regularly, can impro

16、ve our health. (5). _ (seat) in your home, your are capable of finding a lot of sources. (6). Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _ (succeed). (7). With the problem _ (solve), I felt proud of my achievement.(8). My pupils, Donnie _ (include), adored

17、 her. (9). Therefore, good learning habits can help us gain great learning results (include) high scores and abundant knowledge. (10). The last one _ (arrive) pays the meal. (11). Before _ (come) into the house in Japan, it is good manner to take off your coat. (12). Once _ ( ask), everyone needs to

18、 co-operate without hesitation. (13). From his bag he took out a bowl of _ (boil) rice and started to eat. (14). Then I went to a post office to have them (deliver) by air without delay.(15). Inside the building, the students saw nothing but broken walls and doors and pieces of the building 22 . (li

19、e) all over the place. 【小结】 非谓语动词每年必考，至少1道题，主要考查：1). 动名词和不定式做宾语的区别；2). 非谓语动词做宾补的区别；3). 非谓语动词的时态、语态、否定式和复合结构。【解题思路】1) 确定非谓语动词；（先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时，所给的动词就是非谓语动词） 2) 确定用哪种非谓语动词；（在句子中作什么句子成分，结合固定搭配和习惯用法）3) 确定语态；（结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定填哪种语态）4) 确定用那种时态；（非谓语动词所表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作生的先后关系确定时态）2.括号内提供形容词时首先考虑：形容词变副词。

20、或是一些常见形容词变化如many变much.形容词变副词的基本形式是在其后加ly，或变y为i再加ly，或去e加y或ly。如：quickquickly, happyhappily, necessary necessarily, possiblepossibly, truetruly, simplesimply, terrible terribly。其次考虑：变比较级或最高级。最后考虑：形容词变反义词like-unlike/dislike formal-informal possible-impossible happy-unhappy （2015全国卷I）Abercrombie& Kent, a

21、 travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people livingin Shanghai and Hong Kong. (2016全国卷) The title will be _63_(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.（2015全国卷II）In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their

22、43 (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment. their是形容词性物主代词，后面要用名词。（2014全国卷I）Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _66_（clean） than ever. 由than ever可知应用比较级。(1). Then he started spending money on 37 （necessary）things. When we got together for a me

23、al at a restaurant, Al paid every time. (2). It worked 40._（well）than I had ever imagined, and before long she knew every kids name, and they were all playing taga kind of game!(3). They said their finding was much more 36 (color)than it should have been. (4). I may _（probable）protest loudly when yo

24、u try to wake me up.(5). The Old Library today contains about 13,000 manuscripts and more than 800,000 books, and many of them are very _ (value). (6). Only in this way will you know how to arrange your time and to spend your time 9._(proper)(7). When the horse with the bell returns to the barn each

25、 evening, he will stop _ (frequent) to look back, making sure that the other isnt too far behind to hear the bell. (8). He had witnessed too many deaths and wounds at the Battle of Solferino in Italy four years _ (early), in which 40,000 people were killed, wounded or missing.(9). One of the _ (bad)

26、 gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms Chen. 【小结】 主要考查点是 形容词作定语、形容词和副词的比较级、 形容词和副词的相互转换等。 【解题思路】(1). 先分析句子成分， 作定语、表语、补语等用形容词；修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、或整个句子用副词；注意： 形容词（短语）可作伴随状语或结果状语。(2). 结合上下文，分清句子结构，正确处理级的变化；注意隐含的比较级。(3). 注意特殊的形容词、副词的比较等级的句型。(4) .注意比较级的修饰词: 表“ 稍微” a bit, a lit

27、tle , some , any； 表“-得多” much, very much, far, a great/good deal, by far, a lot ; 表 “ 更加 ” still, even, rather, yet 等以及另外一些表程度的修饰词 （ 序数、 倍数、分数、 百分数等）3.括号内提供名词时首先考虑：复数。注意规则变化和不规则变化。其次考虑：该名词的形容词、副词然后考虑：该名词的动词形式。最后考虑名词所有格。My sisters bag two hoursdrive （2015全国卷I）Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place f

28、or tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that/whichare pictured by artists in somany Chinese 65 (painting). 形容词Chinese后要用名词，many修饰复数。（2015全国卷II）As 49 (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the

29、cycle work on most days.定语位置，用形容词作定语。名词、数词(1). The order in which they finished would decide the order of their 31 （appear）in the Chinese calendar. 【小结】要注意 语境中词性的判断、词的转换、序号和倍数的表示法。广东考题常给出提示词要求用它的正确形式填空【解题思路】1. 判断是否填名词；（一般在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格和一些不定代词后面）；2. 注意名词的活用和具体的考查方式；a ) 考名词的书写方式b ) 单复数变化；c ) 是不可数

30、名词具体化（ 不可数名词在特定的情况下可转化成可数名词）；d ) 名词修饰名词等。派生词（ 词性变换）(1). Most of the _( Africa ) are still living in poverty. (2). Chinas _ ( develop) of economy needs more careful planning. (3). Can you tell me the _ ( long) of the Great Wall ? (4). Im very thankful for your _ ( help ) me. (5). Going out for a part-time job can _ ( rich ) ones social experience. (6). He _ ( achievement)