组织学与胚胎学组培英语词汇表双语.docx

1、组织学与胚胎学组培英语词汇表双语GlossaryEpithelial Tissue,epi 9 l：li?ti?u上皮组织covering epithelium被覆上皮simple squamous epithelium skweim ?s单层扁平上皮endothelium ,end ?u 9 i：lim?内皮mesothelium ,mes ?u 9 i：lim?间皮simple cuboidal epithelium kju：b ?idl单层立方上皮simple columnar epithelium k?l?mn?单层柱状上皮pesudostratified ciliated colum

2、nar epithelium假复层纤毛柱状上皮stratified squamous epitheliumstr? tifaid复层扁平上皮transitional epithelium变移上皮cell coat细胞衣microvillus(microvilli) ,maikr ?uvil?s微绒毛cilium(cilia) sili ?m纤毛tight junction紧密连接intermediate junction中间连接desmosomedezm ?s?um桥粒gap junction缝隙连接basement membrane基膜plasma membrane infoldingpl?

3、 zm?质膜内褶hemidesmosome半桥粒Connective Tissue结缔组织connective tissue proper固有结缔组织loose connective tissue疏松结缔组织dense connective tissue致密结缔组织reticular tissueritikjul ?网状组织adipose tissue? dip?us脂肪组织fibroblast faibr ?ubl a :st成纤维细胞macrophagem? kr?ufeid ?巨噬细胞plasma cell浆细胞mast cell肥大细胞fat cell脂肪细胞ground substa

4、nce基质collagenous fiberk?l? d?n?s胶原纤维elastic fiber弹性纤维reticular fiber网状纤维reticular cell网状细胞cartilage k a :tilid?cartilage tissue hyaline cartilage hai ? lain elastic cartilage fibrous cartilage/fibrocartilage chondrocytek?ndr?sait isogenous groupais?d?in?s perichondrium ,perik ?ndri?m bone软骨 软骨组织 透明软

5、骨 弹性软骨 纤维软骨 软骨细胞 同源细胞群 软骨膜 骨 骨组织 骨质osseous tissue/bone tissue?si?s bone matrixosteoprogenitor cell骨祖细胞osteoblast?sti ?ubl? st成骨细胞osteocyte ?sti ?sait骨细胞osteoclast ?sti ? ukl? st破骨细胞circumferential lamella l?mel?环骨板osteone骨单位Haversian system哈弗斯系统interstitial lamella间骨板periosteum,peri, ?sti?m骨外膜endost

6、eumend ?sti?m骨内膜Blood血液serum si?r?m 血清blood plasma血浆Wright s stain瑞氏染色hemocyte hi:m ?sait血细胞erythrocyte iri usait红细胞hemoglobin(Hb) ,hi:m ?u g l?ubin, ,hem-血红蛋白reticulocyte ritikjul ?usait网织红细胞leukocyte lju:k?usait白细胞granulocyte g r?njul?usait有粒白细胞agranulocyte ei g r?njul?usait无粒白细胞azurophilic granul

7、es gr? nju:ls嗜天青颗粒neutrophil (neutrophilic granulocyte) nju:tr ?fil中性粒细胞eosinophil ,i:?sin?fil,-fail, -fil嗜酸性粒细胞basophil beis?fil嗜碱性粒细胞monocyte m?n?usait单核细胞lymphocyte limf ?usait淋巴细胞blood platelet pleitlit血小板肌组织Muscle Tissuemuscle fibersarcolemma,s a :k?ulem? sarcoplasm s a :k?pi?z?m sarcoplasmic r

8、eticulum skeletal muscle skelit ?l epimysium ,epimisi ?m perimysium ,perimi ?i?m, -zi ?m endomysium ,end ?mizi?m striated musclestraieitid myofilament ,mai?ufil?m?nt isotropic band ,ais?utr?pik anisotropic band? n,ais?utr?pik sarcomeresa :k?mi? myofibril ,mai ? u faibril transverse tubule (T tubule)

9、 longitudinal tubule ,l?nd?itju:din ?l terminal cisternaet?:min ?l sist?:ni: triad trai?d, -? d cardiac muscle ka :di?k intercalated disc diad dai? d smooth muscle肌纤维 肌膜 肌浆 肌浆网 骨骼肌 肌外膜 肌束膜 肌内膜 横纹肌 肌丝I带 A带 肌节 肌原纤维 横小管 纵小管 终池 三联体 心肌 闰盘 二联体 平滑肌神经组织 神经细胞 神经胶质细胞 神经元 胞体 突起 树突 轴突 尼氏体 神经原纤维 神经丝 微管Nervous Ti

10、ssue nervous cell neuroglial cell neuron nju?r?n somas?um? neurite nju ?rait dendrite dendrait axon ? ks?n Nissl s body neurofibril ,nju?r?ufaibril neurofilament ,nu?r?fil?m?nt microtubule ,maikr ?utju:bju:lsynapsesain?ps,突触axosomatic synapse轴体突触axodendrite synapse轴树突触chemical synapse化学性突触presynapti

11、c element ,pri:sin? ptik突触前成分synaptic vesiclevesikl突触小泡synaptic cleft突触间隙postsynaptic element突触后成分glial cell g lai?l胶质细胞astrocyte? str ? sait星形胶质细胞oligodendrocyte ?lig ?udendr?sait少突胶质细胞microglia maikr ?glai?小胶质细胞ependymal cell epend ?,me?ri室管膜细胞Schwanns cell施万细胞neurilemmal cell ,njur ?l?m? tik神经膜细胞

12、satellite cell s? t?lait卫星细胞nerve fiber神经纤维myelinated nerve fiber mai ?lineitid,有髓神经纤维unmyelinated nerve fiber无髓神经纤维central axon? ks?n轴索myelin sheath髓鞘neurilemma神经膜Ranvier s node郎飞结internode int?n?ud结间体nerve神经epineurium ,epinju ?ri?m神经外膜perineurium ,per ? nju:ri ?m神经束膜endoneurium ,per ? nju:ri ?m神经内

13、膜sensory nerve ending感觉神经末梢free nerve ending游离神经末梢encapsulated nerve endingink? ps?leitid被囊神经末梢tactilet? ktail corpuscle k?:p?sl触觉小体lameller corpuscle k?:p?sl环层小体muscle spindle spindl肌梭motor nerve ending运动神经末梢somatic s?um?tik motor nerve ending visceral vis?r?l motor nerve ending motor end plate躯体运动

14、神经末梢 内脏运动神经末梢 运动终板Circulatory System循环系统Cardiovascular system,k a :di?uv?skjui?心血管系统heart心walls of heart心壁endocardium,end?uka:di?m心内膜endothelium ,end ?u e i：im内皮subendothelial layer lei?内皮下层subendocardiai iayer心内膜下层Purkinje fibers浦肯野纤维myocardium ,mai?uka :di?m心肌膜epicardium ,epik a :di?m心外膜artery a :

15、t?ri动脉medium-sized artery中动脉muscuiar artery肌性动脉tunica intima tju:nik ? intim ?内膜internai eiastic membrane内弹性膜tunica media中膜tunica adventitia,?dventi?i?外膜externai eiastic membrane外弹性膜iarge artery大动脉eiastic artery弹性动脉smaii artery小动脉arterioie a :ti?ri?u微动脉capiiiary k?pii?ri, k? pi-毛细血管continuous capiii

16、ary连续性毛细血管fenestratedfinestreitid capiiiary有孔毛细血管discontinuous sinusoidai,sin?s?idi capiiiary不连续毛细血管biood sinusoid血窦vein vein静脉iymphatic ,iimf? tik system淋巴系统iymphatic capiiiary毛细淋巴管iymphatic vesseives?i淋巴管iymphatic trunks淋巴干iymphatic ducts淋巴导管Immune imju:n System lymphoid limf ?id organ central lym

17、phoid organ peripheral p?rif ?r ?l lymphoid organ lymphatic tissue diffuse lymphoid tissue lymphoid nodule n?dju:l, -d ?u:l immune cellthymus 0 aim?capsulek?psju:l interlobular septumthymocyte 0 aimsa?it epithelial reticular cell thymic epithelial cell thymic corpuscle lymphoid nodetrabecula cortica

18、l sinus sain?s subcapsular sinus peritrabecular sinus superficial ,sju:p ?fi ?l cortex k ?:teks paracortex zonep?r ?k?:teks thymus dependent area medullary cord med?l?ri medullary sinusspleen white pulp p?lpperiarterial lymphatic sheathcentral artery splenic corpuscle k?:p?sl red pulp splenic cordsp

19、lenic sinus marginal zone m a :d?in?l palatine p? l?tain tonsil t?nsil mononuclear ,m?n?unju:kli ? phagocytic ,f? g ?sitik单核吞噬细胞系统 systemDigestive System消化系统digestive did ?estiv tract消化管mucosamju:k ?us?粘膜lamina propria固有层muscularis mucosa粘膜肌层submucosa粘膜下层muscularis肌层adventitia ,?dventi ?i?外膜tongue t

20、 ?舌lingual li? g vpkplla p?pil?舌乳头filiform papilla丝状乳头fungiform filif ?:m papilla菌状乳头circumvallate ,s?:k?mv?leit papilla轮廓乳头esophagusi:s?f?g s?食管stomach胃fundic f?ndik gland胃底腺chief cell主细胞zymogen cellzaim?ud?n胃酶细胞parietal cellp?raiit?l壁细胞oxyntic ?ksintik cell泌酸细胞mucous mju:k?s neck cell颈粘液细胞small in

21、testineintestin小肠plicae plaik? circularis环行皱襞absorptive ?bs?:ptiv cell吸收细胞striated border纹状缘goblet cell杯状细胞endocrine cellend?ukrain,内分泌细胞small intestinal gland小肠腺Paneth cell潘氏细胞undifferentiated cell未分化细胞intestinal vilus肠绒毛large intestine大肠digestive gland消化腺pancreasp?nkri ?s胰exocrine portion eks?krai

22、n外分泌部pancreas isletailit胰岛glucagon g lu:k? g ?n胰高血糖素insulin insjulin胰岛素somatostatin,s?um?t?st?tin,生长抑素liverliv ?肝hepatic hip?tiklobule/liver lobule/l ?bju:l/肝小叶hepatic plate/liver plate肝板limiting plate界板hepatocytehep?t?sait,肝细胞Kupffer cell库普弗细胞hepatic sinusoidsain ?s?id肝血窦Disse space狄氏间隙perisinusoid

23、al space窦周隙bile bailcanaliculus,k?n ?likjul ?s胆小管portal canal area门管区interlobular vein小叶间静脉interlobular artery小叶间动脉interlobular bile duct小叶间胆管Respiratory resp ?r?t?ri,System呼吸系统tracheatr?ki:?, treiki ?气管lungl ?肺conducting portion导气部lobar bronchusbr?k?s叶支气管small bronchus小支气管bronchiolebr?ki?ul细支气管term

24、inal t?:min?lbronchiole终末细支气管respiratoryresp?r?t?ri, portion呼吸部respiratory bronchiole呼吸性细支气管alveolar ?lvi ?l? duct肺泡管alveolar sac肺泡囊pulmonary, p?lm ?n?ri acinus?sin?s肺泡alveolar epithelium肺泡上皮type I alveolar cellI型肺泡细胞type n alveolar celln型肺泡细胞surfactants?:f?kt ?nt表面活性物质alveolar septumsep?tm肺泡隔alveol

25、ar pore肺泡孔pulmonary macrophage肺巨噬细胞dust cell尘细胞blood-air barrier血气屏障respiratory membrane呼吸膜Urinaryju ?rin ?ri System泌尿系统kidney kidni肾renalri:n?l cortexk?:teks肾皮质renal medulla med?l?肾髓质cortical labyrinth l?b ?rin 0皮质迷路medullary ray髓放线uriniferous tubule泌尿小管nephron nefr?n肾单位renal corpuscle肾小体vascularv?

26、skjul? pole血管极urinary pole尿极renal glomerulus g l?merjul?s肾小球mesangium mes?nd?i?m血管系膜mesangial cell系膜细胞mesangial matrixmeitriks系膜基质renal capsule k?psju:l肾小囊parietal layer p?raiit?l壁层visceral layer vis?r?l脏层capsular space肾小囊腔podocyte p?d?sait足细胞slit membrane裂孔膜filtrationfiltrei ?n membrane滤过膜filtratio

27、n barrier滤过屏障renal tubule肾小管proximalpr?ksim?l tubule近端小管thin segment seg m?nt细段distal tubule dist?l远端小管pars convolute k?nv?,lu:t曲部pars recta rekt?直部proximal convoluted tubule近曲小管brush border刷状缘lateral process侧突basal striation基底纵纹distal convoluted tubule远曲小管collection tubule集合管juxtaglomerular ,d?kst?gl?merjul? complex球旁复合体juxtaglomerular apparatus ,?p ?reit?s肾小球旁器juxtaglomerular cell球旁细胞renin ri:nin, re-肾素macula m?kjul ? densa extraglomerular mesangial cellSkin epidermis,epid?:mis dermisd?:mis stratumstr