职称英语考试理工类考前押题卷1.docx

1、职称英语考试理工类考前押题卷12013年职称英语考试理工类考前押题卷（第一套）第一部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1The ability toreact toenvironmental stimuli is a basic and general characteristic of living organisms.ArejectBrepeatCreturn toDrespond to2All living orga

2、nisms,regardless oftheir unique identity, have certain biological, chemical, and physical characteristics in common.Aas a result ofBconsideringCcognizant ofDwhatever3After Emily Dickinsonretreated fromthe world at the age of twenty-six, she wrote more than one thousand poems.Areceived praise fromBwi

3、thdrew fromCrebelled againstDtraveled around4Thomas Fullerwassoskilled atmathematics that he was known in the eighteenth century as the “Virginia Calculator. ”Afascinated byBarticulate aboutCproficient inDsuspicious of5Didnt you know that the naughty girl used toskip classes?Aattend classes in timeB

4、miss classesCcheat in classesDbe unhappy about classes6Marxism doctrine wasspelled outin the Communist Manifesto.AevaluatedBdetailedCsupportedDmentioned7The megaphone makes the voice sound louder because it points sound waves in one direction and keeps them fromspreading outin all directions.Aslithe

5、ringBradiatingCinterferingDmurmuring8The exploits of the legendary miner, John Henry, have come to symbolize the manual laborerstand againstmechanization.Acontrast withBinteraction withCignorance ofDdefiance of9In arithmetic, a numberstands forthe size of a set of things.AmeasuresBestimatesCcancelsD

6、represents10Some species of bacteria and fungithrive onsimple compounds such as alcohol.Amix withBdo well onCexist inDfloat on11Why do you want tothrow awaythose books?AimitateBdiscussCextractDdiscard12The Pullman Strike of 1894tied uptransportation and was finally ended only by government intervent

7、ion.Arelied uponBhinderedClinked withDimitated13Although a herd of African elephants may haveup toone thousand members, Asiatic elephants live in bands of five to sixty animals.Aas many asBmore thanCfewer thanDat least14Prohibition in the United Statesushered inan era of crime and corruption.Aintrod

8、ucedBcausedCusedDupset15The Spanish, French, Dutch, and English allvied forNorth American territory.Aarrived onBcompeted forCdisposed ofDsailed for第二部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。Television Is D

9、oing Irrearable Harm“Yes, but what did we use to do before there was television?” How often we hear statements like this! Television hasnt been with us all that long, but we are already beginning to forget what the world was like without it, Before we admitted the one-eyed monster into our homes we

10、never found it difficult to occupy our spare time. We used to enjoy civilized pleasures. For instance, we used to have hobbies, we used to entertain our friends and be entertained by them, we used to go outside for our amusements to theatres, cinemas, restaurants and sporting events, We even used to

11、 read books and listen to music and broadcast talks occasionally. All that belongs to the past. Now all our free time is regulated by the “goggle box”. We rush home or gulp down our meals to be in time for this or that programme. We have even given up sitting at table and having a leisurely evening

12、meal, exchanging the news of the day. A sandwich and a glass of beer will do anything, providing it doesnt interfere with the programme. The monster demands absolute silence and attention. If any member of the family dares to open his mouth during a programme, he is quickly silenced.Whole generation

13、 are growing up addicted to the telly. Food is left uneaten, homework undone and sleep is lost, The telly is a universal pacifier. It is now standard practice for mother to keep the children quiet by putting them in the living room and turning on the set. It doesnt mater that the children will watch

14、 rubbishy commercials or spectacles of sadism(性虐狂)and violenceso long as they are quiet.There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world, Every day, television consumes vast quantities of creative work, That is why most of the programmes are so bad：it is impossible to keep pa

15、ce with the demand maintain high standards as well. When millions watch the same programme, the whole world becomes a village, and society is reduced to the conditions which obtain in pre-literate communities (有文字之前的时期 ). We become utterly dependent on the two most primitive media of communication:

16、pictures and the spoken work.Television encourages passive enjoyment. We become content with second-hand experiences. It is so easy to sit in our armchair watching others working. Little by little “television” cuts us off from the real world. We get so lazy, we choose to spend a fine day in semi-dar

17、kness, glued to our sets, rather than go out into the world itself, Television may be a splendid medium of communication, but it prevents us from communicating with each other. We only become aware how totally irrelevant television is to real living when we spend a holiday by the sea or in the mount

18、ains, far away from civilization, In quiet natural surroundings we quickly discover how little we miss the hypnotic (催眠)tyranny of King Telly.16This article is about the disadvantages of television.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned17We often go outside for our amusements now.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned18We

19、rush home to be in time for a programme.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned19“The one-eyed monster”refers to the TV set.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned20One harm of telly is to consume quantities of creative work.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned21This article implies that all the TV sets in the world should be destroye

20、d.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned22Watching too much TV may not only results in the laziness but also the low ability to do things.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1、3、4、6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上S

21、creen Test1Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. According to a survey Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.2But the medical benefits of screening the

22、se younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.3Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 16

23、0,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the womens cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.4The mathematical model recommended by Britains National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening program

24、me would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.5The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far la

25、rger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.6But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if s

26、creening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimize the technique” for breast cancer screening.7 “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,” admits Michael Cl

27、ark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. Thats why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programme.”23Pa

28、ragraph 2 _24Paragraph 3 _25Paragraph 4 _26Paragraph 5 _AHarm Screening May Do to a Younger WomanBInvesting the Effect of ScreeningCEffects Predicted by Two Different ModelsDSmall Risk of Inducing Cancers from RadiationETreatment of CancersFFactors That Trigger Cancers27Early discovery of breast can

29、cer may _.28Advantages of screening women under 50 are _.29Delaying the age at which screening starts may _.30Radiation exposure should be _.Abe costlyBharmfulCsave a lifeDstill open to debateEreduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerFreduced to the minimum第四部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每

30、篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇Putting Plants to WorkUsing the power of the sun is nothing new. People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with solar panels for decades. But plants are the real experts: Theyve been using sunlight as an energy source

31、 for billions of years.Cells in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches, stored energy that the plants can use. This conversion process is called photosynthesis. Unfortunately, unless youre a plant, its difficult and expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. Thats why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how pla