职称英语考试理工类考前押题卷1.docx

职称英语考试理工类考前押题卷1.docx

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职称英语考试理工类考前押题卷1

2013年职称英语考试理工类考前押题卷（第一套）

第一部分：

词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1　Theabilityto reactto environmentalstimuliisabasicandgeneralcharacteristicoflivingorganisms.

A　reject

B　repeat

C　returnto

D　respondto

2　Alllivingorganisms, regardlessof theiruniqueidentity,havecertainbiological,chemical,andphysicalcharacteristicsincommon.

A　asaresultof

B　considering

C　cognizantof 

D　whatever

3　AfterEmilyDickinson retreatedfrom theworldattheageoftwenty-six,shewrotemorethanonethousandpoems.

A　receivedpraisefrom

B　withdrewfrom

C　rebelledagainst 

D　traveledaround

4　ThomasFuller was so skilledat mathematicsthathewasknownintheeighteenthcenturyasthe“VirginiaCalculator.”

A　fascinatedby 

B　articulateabout

C　proficientin 

D　suspiciousof

5　Didn'tyouknowthatthenaughtygirlusedto skipclasses?

A　attendclassesintime 

B　missclasses

C　cheatinclasses 

D　beunhappyaboutclasses

6　Marxismdoctrinewas spelledout intheCommunistManifesto. 

A　evaluated

B　detailed

C　supported 

D　mentioned

7　Themegaphonemakesthevoicesoundlouderbecauseitpointssoundwavesinonedirectionandkeepsthemfrom spreadingout inalldirections.

A　slithering

B　radiating

C　interfering 

D　murmuring

8　Theexploitsofthelegendaryminer,JohnHenry,havecometosymbolizethemanuallaborer standagainst mechanization.

A　contrastwith

B　interactionwith

C　ignoranceof 

D　defianceof

9　Inarithmetic,anumber standsfor thesizeofasetofthings.

A　measures

B　estimates

C　cancels

D　represents

10　Somespeciesofbacteriaandfungi thriveon simplecompoundssuchasalcohol.

A　mixwith 

B　dowellon

C　existin 

D　floaton

11　Whydoyouwantto throwaway thosebooks?

A　imitate

B　discuss

C　extract

D　discard

12　ThePullmanStrikeof1894 tiedup transportationandwasfinallyendedonlybygovernmentintervention.

A　reliedupon 

B　hindered

C　linkedwith

D　imitated

13　AlthoughaherdofAfricanelephantsmayhave upto onethousandmembers,Asiaticelephantsliveinbandsoffivetosixtyanimals.

A　asmanyas 

B　morethan

C　fewerthan 

D　atleast

14　ProhibitionintheUnitedStates usheredin aneraofcrimeandcorruption.

A　introduced

B　caused

C　used

D　upset

15　TheSpanish,French,Dutch,andEnglishall viedfor NorthAmericanterritory.

A　arrivedon 

B　competedfor

C　disposedof

D　sailedfor

第二部分：

阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。

TelevisionIsDoingIrrearableHarm

“Yes,butwhatdidweusetodobeforetherewastelevision?

”Howoftenwehearstatementslikethis!

Televisionhasn'tbeenwithusallthatlong,butwearealreadybeginningtoforgetwhattheworldwaslikewithoutit,Beforeweadmittedtheone-eyedmonsterintoourhomesweneverfounditdifficulttooccupyoursparetime.Weusedtoenjoycivilizedpleasures.Forinstance,weusedtohavehobbies,weusedtoentertainourfriendsandbeentertainedbythem,weusedtogooutsideforouramusementstotheatres,cinemas,restaurantsandsportingevents,Weevenusedtoreadbooksandlistentomusicandbroadcasttalksoccasionally.Allthatbelongstothepast.Nowallourfreetimeisregulatedbythe“gogglebox”.Werushhomeorgulpdownourmealstobeintimeforthisorthatprogramme.Wehaveevengivenupsittingattableandhavingaleisurelyeveningmeal,exchangingthenewsoftheday.Asandwichandaglassofbeerwilldoanything,providingitdoesn'tinterferewiththeprogramme.Themonsterdemandsabsolutesilenceandattention.Ifanymemberofthefamilydarestoopenhismouthduringaprogramme,heisquicklysilenced. 

Wholegenerationaregrowingupaddictedtothetelly.Foodisleftuneaten,homeworkundoneandsleepislost,Thetellyisauniversalpacifier.Itisnowstandardpracticeformothertokeepthechildrenquietbyputtingtheminthelivingroomandturningontheset.Itdoesn'tmaterthatthechildrenwillwatchrubbishycommercialsorspectaclesofsadism（性虐狂）andviolence—solongastheyarequiet.

Thereisalimittotheamountofcreativetalentavailableintheworld,Everyday,televisionconsumesvastquantitiesofcreativework,Thatiswhymostoftheprogrammesaresobad：

itisimpossibletokeeppacewiththedemandmaintainhighstandardsaswell.Whenmillionswatchthesameprogramme,thewholeworldbecomesavillage,andsocietyisreducedtotheconditionswhichobtaininpre-literatecommunities（有文字之前的时期）.Webecomeutterlydependentonthetwomostprimitivemediaofcommunication:

picturesandthespokenwork.

Televisionencouragespassiveenjoyment.Webecomecontentwithsecond-handexperiences.Itissoeasytositinourarmchairwatchingothersworking.Littlebylittle“television”cutsusofffromtherealworld.Wegetsolazy,wechoosetospendafinedayinsemi-darkness,gluedtooursets,ratherthangooutintotheworlditself,Televisionmaybeasplendidmediumofcommunication,butitpreventsusfromcommunicatingwitheachother.Weonlybecomeawarehowtotallyirrelevanttelevisionistoreallivingwhenwespendaholidaybytheseaorinthemountains,farawayfromcivilization,Inquietnaturalsurroundingswequicklydiscoverhowlittlewemissthehypnotic（催眠）tyrannyofKingTelly.

16　Thisarticleisaboutthedisadvantagesoftelevision.

A　Right

B　Wrong

C　Notmentioned

17　Weoftengooutsideforouramusementsnow.

A　Right 

B　Wrong

C　Notmentioned

18　Werushhometobeintimeforaprogramme.

A　Right 

B　Wrong

C　Notmentioned

19　“Theone-eyedmonster”referstotheTVset.

A　Right

B　Wrong

C　Notmentioned

20　Oneharmoftellyistoconsumequantitiesofcreativework.

A　Right 

B　Wrong

C　Notmentioned

21　ThisarticleimpliesthatalltheTVsetsintheworldshouldbedestroyed.

A　Right 

B　Wrong

C　Notmentioned

22　WatchingtoomuchTVmaynotonlyresultsinthelazinessbutalsothelowabilitytodothings.

A　Right

B　Wrong

C　Notmentioned

第三部分：

概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：

（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1、3、4、6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；

（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上

ScreenTest

1　EveryyearmillionsofwomenarescreenedwithX-raystopickupsignsofbreastcancer.Ifthishappensearlyenough,thediseasecanoftenbetreatedsuccessfully.AccordingtoasurveyAustralia,Canada,theUSandSpain,screenwomenunder50.

2　Butthemedicalbenefitsofscreeningtheseyoungerwomenarecontroversial,partlybecausetheradiationbringsasmallriskofinducingcancer.Also,youngerwomenmustbegivenhigherdosesofX-raysbecausetheirbreasttissueisdenser.

3　ResearchersatthePolytechnicUniversityofValenciaanalysedtheeffectofscreeningmorethan160,000womenat11localclinics.Afterestimatingthewomen'scumulativedoseofradiation,theyusedtwomodelstocalculatethenumberofextracancersthiswouldcause.

4　ThemathematicalmodelrecommendedbyBritain'sNationalRadiologicalProtectionBoard（NRPB）predictedthatthescreeningprogrammewouldcause36cancersper100,000women,18ofthemfatal.ThemodelpreferredbytheUNScientificCommitteeontheEffectsofAtomicRadiationledtoalowerfigureof20cancers.

5　Theresearchersarguethatthelevelofradiation-inducedcancersis“notverysignificant”comparedtothefarlargernumberofcancersthatarediscoveredandtreated.TheValenciaprogramme,theysay,detectsbetween300and450casesofbreastcancerinevery100,000womenscreened.

6　Buttheypointoutthattheriskofwomencontractingcancerfromradiationcouldbereducedbybetween40and80percentifscreeningbeganat50insteadof45,becausetheywouldbeexposedtolessradiation.Theresultsoftheirstudy,theysuggest,couldhelp“optimizethetechnique”forbreastcancerscreening.

7　“Thereisatrade-offbetweenthediagnosticbenefitsofbreastscreeninganditsrisks,”admitsMichaelClarkoftheNRPB.Buthewarnsthatthestudyshouldbeinterpretedwithcaution.“Onthebasisofthecurrentdata,forevery10cancerssuccessfullydetectedandpreventedthereisariskofcausingonelaterinlife.That'swhyradiationexposureshouldbeminimizedinanyscreeningprogramme.”

23　Paragraph2___________

24　Paragraph3___________

25　Paragraph4___________

26　Paragraph5___________

A　HarmScreeningMayDotoaYoungerWoman

B　InvestingtheEffectofScreening

C　EffectsPredictedbyTwoDifferentModels

D　SmallRiskofInducingCancersfromRadiation

E　TreatmentofCancers

F　FactorsThatTriggerCancers

27　Earlydiscoveryofbreastcancermay___________.

28　Advantagesofscreeningwomenunder50are___________.

29　Delayingtheageatwhichscreeningstartsmay___________.

30　Radiationexposureshouldbe___________.

A　becostly

B　harmful

C　savealife

D　stillopentodebate

E　reducetheriskofradiationtriggeringacancer

F　reducedtotheminimum

第四部分：

阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。

请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇

PuttingPlantstoWork

Usingthepowerofthesunisnothingnew.Peoplehavehadsolar-poweredcalculatorsandbuildingswithsolarpanelsfordecades.Butplantsaretherealexperts:

They'vebeenusingsunlightasanenergysourceforbillionsofyears.

Cellsinthegreenleavesofplantsworkliketinyfactoriestoconvertsunlight,carbondioxide,andwaterintosugarsandstarches,storedenergythattheplantscanuse.Thisconversionprocessiscalledphotosynthesis.Unfortunately,unlessyou'reaplant,it'sdifficultandexpensivetoconvertsunlightintostorableenergy.That'swhyscientistsaretakingacloserlookatexactlyhowpla