Behnam Kamali - AeroMACS_ An IEEE 802.16 Standard-Based Technology for the Next Generation of Air Transportation Systems-Wiley_ IEEE Press (2019)资料下载.pdf

1、AeroMACSIEEE Press445 Hoes LanePiscataway,NJ 08854IEEE Press Editorial BoardEkram Hossain,Editor in ChiefGiancarlo FortinoAndreas MolischLinda ShaferDavid Alan GrierSaeid NahavandiMohammad ShahidehpourDonald HeirmanRay PerezSarah SpurgeonXiaoou LiJeffrey ReedAhmet Murat TekalpAeroMACSAn IEEE 802.16

2、Standard-BasedTechnology for the Next Generationof Air Transportation SystemsBehnam KamaliSam Nunn Eminent Scholar of Telecommunications andProfessor of Electrical and Computer EngineeringMercer UniversityMacon,GAPublished byStandards Information NetworkThis edition first published 2019 2019 the Ins

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10、en it is read.Neither the publisher norauthors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages,includingbut not limited to special,incidental,consequential,or other damages.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataISBN:#9781119281108Set in 10/12 pt WarnockPro-Regular

11、by Thomson Digital,Noida,IndiaPrinted in the United States of America10987654321This book is dedicated to the memory of my father,Abdul Hossain Kamali（19151973）,who was taken away from me unexpectedly,but his quest for knowledge,his enthusiasm for technology,and his insistence on the independent sea

12、rch for truthhave remained with me and inspired me.Table of ContentsPrefacexviiAcronymsxxv1Airport Communications from Analog AM to AeroMACS11.1Introduction11.2Conventional Aeronautical Communication Domains（Flight Domains）21.3VHF Spectrum Depletion41.4The ACAST Project51.5Early Digital Communicatio

13、n Technologies forAeronautics71.5.1ACARS71.5.2VHF Data Link（VDL）Systems81.5.2.1Aeronautical Telecommunications Network（ATN）81.5.2.2VDL Systems81.5.3Overlay Broadband Alternatives for Data Transmission101.5.3.1Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum Overlay111.5.3.2Broadband VHF（B-VHF）111.5.4ControllerPilot

14、Data Link Communications（CPDLC）121.6Selection of a Communications Technology forAeronautics141.7The National Airspace System（NAS）151.7.1Flight Control161.7.2United States Civilian Airports171.8The Next Generation Air Transportation Systems（NextGen）201.8.1The NextGen Vision221.8.2NextGen Key Componen

15、ts and Functionalities221.9Auxiliary Wireless Communications Systems Availablefor the Airport Surface25vii1.9.1Public Safety Mobile Radio for Airport Incidents261.9.1.1Public Safety Communications（PSC）Systems Architectureand Technologies261.9.1.2Public Safety Allocated Radio Spectrum271.9.1.3700 MHz

16、 Band and the First Responder Network Authority（FirstNet）281.9.2Wireless Fidelity（WiFi）Systems Applications for AirportSurface301.10Airport Wired Communications Systems311.10.1Airport Fiber-Optic Cable Loop System341.10.2Applications of CLCS in Airport Surface Communications andNavigation351.11Summa

17、ry36References362Cellular Networking and Mobile Radio ChannelCharacterization412.1Introduction412.2The Crux of the Cellular Concept422.2.1The“Precellular”Wireless Mobile CommunicationsSystems432.2.2The Core of the Cellular Notion452.2.3Frequency Reuse and Radio Channel Multiplicity482.2.3.1Co-Channe

18、l Reuse Ratio（CCRR）,Cluster Size,and Reuse Factor492.2.3.2Signal to Co-Channel Interference Ratio（SIR）502.2.3.3Channel Allocation552.2.4Erlang Traffic Theory and Cellular Network Design572.2.4.1Trunking,Erlang,and Traffic582.2.4.2The Grade of Service602.2.4.3Blocked Calls Handling Strategies602.2.4.

19、4Trunking Efficiency622.2.4.5Capacity Enhancement through Cell Splitting642.2.4.6Capacity Enhancement via Sectorization672.3Cellular Radio Channel Characterization692.3.1Cellular Link Impairments692.3.2Path Loss Computation and Estimation712.3.2.1Free-Space Propagation and Friis Formula732.3.2.2The

20、Key Mechanisms Affecting Radio WavePropagation742.3.2.3The Ray Tracing Technique762.3.2.4Ground Reflection and Double-Ray Model762.3.2.5Empirical Techniques for Path Loss（Large-ScaleAttenuation）Estimation81viiiTable of Contents2.3.2.6OkumuraHata Model for Outdoor Median Path LossEstimation822.3.2.7C

21、OST 231-Hata Model842.3.2.8Stanford University Interim（SUI）Model:#Erceg Model852.3.2.9ECC-33 Model862.3.3Large-Scale Fading:#Shadowing and Foliage872.3.3.1Log-Normal Shadowing882.3.3.2Estimation of Useful Coverage Area（UCA）withina Cell Footprint912.3.4Small-Scale Fading:#Multipath Propagationand Dop

22、pler Effect942.3.4.1Multipath Propagation952.3.4.2Double Path Example972.3.4.3Doppler Shift992.3.4.4Impulse Response of Multipath Channels1002.3.4.5Delay Spread and Fading Modes1022.3.4.6Methods of Combating Frequency-Selective Fading1032.3.4.7Coherence Bandwidth and Power Delay Profiles（PDPs）1052.3

23、.4.8Frequency Flat Fading versus Frequency-Selective Fading1082.3.4.9Frequency Dispersion and Coherence Time1092.3.4.10 Classification of Multipath Fading Channels1102.3.4.11 Probabilistic Models for Frequency Flat Fading Channels1122.3.4.12 Rayleigh Fading Channels1122.3.4.13 Rician Fading Channels

24、1152.4Challenges of Broadband Transmission over the AirportSurface Channel1172.5Summary118References1193Wireless Channel Characterization for the 5 GHz BandAirport Surface Area1233.1Introduction1233.1.1Importance of Channel Characterization1233.1.2Channel Definitions1253.1.3Airport Surface Area Chan

25、nel1273.2Statistical Channel Characterization Overview1293.2.1The Channel Impulse Response and Transfer Function1293.2.2Statistical Channel Characteristics1303.2.3Common Channel Parameters and Statistics1333.3Channel Effects and Signaling1343.3.1Small-Scale and Large-Scale Fading1343.3.2Channel Para

26、meters and Signaling Relations1353.4Measured Airport Surface Area Channels137Table of Contentsix3.4.1Measurement Description and Example Results1373.4.2Path Loss Results1413.5Airport Surface Area Channel Models1433.5.1Large/Medium-Sized Airports1443.5.2Small Airports1443.6Summary144References1474Ort

27、hogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing and MultipleAccess1514.1Introduction1514.2Fundamental Principles of OFDM Signaling1524.2.1Parallel Transmission,Orthogonal Multiplexing,Guard Time,and Cyclic Extension1544.2.1.1Cyclic Prefix and Guard Time1554.2.2Fourier Transform-Based OFDM Signal1564.2.3Wind

28、owing,Filtering,and Formation of OFDM Signal1574.2.4OFDM System Implementation1594.2.5Choice of Modulation Schemes for OFDM1604.2.6OFDM Systems Design:#How the Key Parametersare Selected1614.3Coded Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing:#COFDM1614.3.1Motivation1624.3.2System-Level Functional Blo

29、ck Diagram of aFourier-Based COFDM1624.3.3Some Classical Applications of COFDM1644.3.3.1COFDM Applied in Digital Audio Broadcasting（DAB）1644.3.3.2COFDM Applied in Wireless LAN（Wi-Fi）:#The IEEE802.11 Standard1654.4Performance of Channel Coding in OFDM Networks1674.5Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multi

30、ple Access:#OFDMA1694.5.1Multiple Access Technologies:#FDMA,TDMA,CDMA,and OFDMA1714.5.2Incentives behind Widespread Applications of OFDMAin Wireless Networks1754.5.3Subchannelization and Symbol Structure1764.5.4Permutation Modes for Configuration of Subchannels1784.5.4.1The Peak-to-Average Power Rat

31、io Problem1794.6Scalable OFDMA（SOFDMA）1794.6.1How to Select the OFDMA Basic Parameters vis-visScalability180 xTable of Contents4.6.2Options in Scaling1824.7Summary183References1845The IEEE 802.16 Standards and the WiMAX Technology1895.1Introduction to the IEEE 802.16 Standards forWireless MAN Networ

32、ks1905.2The Evolution and Characterization of IEEE 802.16Standards1935.2.1IEEE 802.16-2004 Standard1935.2.2IEEE 802.16e-2005 Standard1945.2.3IEEE 802.16-2009 Standard1945.2.4IEEE 802.16j Amendment1945.2.5The Structure of a WirelessMAN Cell1955.2.6Protocol Reference Model（PRM）for the IEEE802.16-2009

33、Standard1975.3WiMAX:#an IEEE 802.16-Based Technology2005.3.1Basic Features of WiMAX Systems2005.3.2WiMAX Physical Layer Characterization2045.3.2.1OFDMA and SOFDMA for WiMAX2055.3.2.2Comparison of Duplexing Technologies:#TDDversus FDD2065.3.2.3Subchannelization for Mobile WiMAX2075.3.2.4WiMAX TDD Frame Structure2115.3.2.5Adaptive（Advanced）Modulation and Coding（AMC）2155.3.2.6ARQ and Hybrid ARQ:#Multilayer Error C