考研精品班写作之讲1.docx

1、考研精品班写作之讲1考研精品班写作之讲义篇 陈少清写作：A.内容、观点：煽情（） Logic：不要跑题、不要违反原则问题 B.结构：三段、总分总（中心突出、层次鲜明）中心突出：1.describe 2.explain ment (from my perspective) depict interpret deduce the purpose层次鲜明：To start with in addition equally important For one thing For another on the macro level on the micro level C.语言：单词多变、句子灵活 D

2、.格式：段与段之间不空行，每段开头空两格而非齐头式 句子不要改，单词应该改 E.错误：时态；主谓一致；简单单词拼写图画类作文：一、 现象（问题）原因类 描述，原因、解决二、 道理；精神类 1.的重要 2.原因 3.提倡三正反对比类 1.positive 2.negative 3.how表chart 柱状图bar chart/column 饼图pie chart 曲线图line chart 表格图table chart 上升 ascend (steeply) surge soar rise下降 descend drastically plunge plummet drop shrink cons

3、iderably(shrink fromto)占据 take up make up account for constitute大约 nearly roughly approximately 20% of the total / whole （一、二合为一段）一、引入话题1.It is a striking fact that the issue ofhas triggered a heated discussion.2.Being a controversial issue,has sparked a public concern those days.二、现状In contemporary

4、 China, especially in some metropolitans,an enormous number(numerous/piles and piles of) of smokers can be seen ubiquitously. As the second pie chart illustrated, there are 5.8 billion people in the world, and the smokers are about 1.1billion,which accounts for roughly 20% of the whole.三、危害Undoubted

5、ly, no one could fail to notice the undesirable consequences exerted by smoking. For one thing, smoking cost s a great deal of money. According to the third picture, smoking wastes 200 billion dollars annually. For another, around 3 billion people die from smoking-related diseases every year, as is

6、revealed in the last drawing.四、总结、预测Therefore, smoking indeed does harm to our society. Nevertheless, we still can predict the picture tendency confidently that the amount of tobacco consumption is on the decrease. From the statistics given in the first bar chart, the total production of tobacco in

7、the world shrank drastically from 14.364 billion pounds in 1994 to 14.2 billion pounds in 1995.图画类作文：一、两幅图引入话题 It is a striking fact that . has aroused public attention.描写（总分结构）As is vividly depicted in the set of drawings, The set of drawings present us with a scene thatIn the set of pictures we co

8、uld see clearly that flowers in the greenhouse cannot withstand wind and rain.It is obvious that the number of fishes shrank drastically due to excessive commercial fishing, as is vividly portrayed in the pictures below.More specifically / more precisely / to put it more exact, there was only one bo

9、at but numerous / a vast number of / piles and piles of / a host of / a multitude of fish in 1900. On the contrary, there were piles and piles of fishing boats but only one fish in 1995. 练习：举一反三 03年温室的花朵的首段描写The set of drawings present us with a scene that flowers in the greenhouse cannot ? wind and

10、 rain. To put it more exact, in the greenhouse this flower ?. In contrast, when it leaves the house, the flower ? To put it more precise, under full protection, the flower grows up and blooms vigorously. However, when it leaves the shelter, it cannot survive any longer. withers and then perishes. 二、

11、一幅图：由中文小标题描小标题，没有的话描两句话浅描In this drawing we could see clearly that there is a small lamp against the background of full darkness.深描More specifically, there is a flame on the lamp, while it looks like a smiling faceJust as the caption indicates, “爱心是一盏灯，在越黑暗的地方越明亮。”练习：举一反三 05年养老足球赛的首段描写The drawing pr

12、esents us with a scene that four children are playing a football match of supporting their father. . . a scene that a poor father is kicked around by his children just like a football.More specifically, the eldest son kicks their father out of his home, while two sons and one daughter keep this poor

13、 old man away from/out of their houses. 21Caption subtitleWe see in the picture This is a very interesting picture of 问题解决型图画类文章！养老足球赛主体段落前4句1. 说明这个图表达的一个社会现象/问题i. In fact, this kind of 文化全球化/偶像崇拜/不尊重老人 is not uncommon nowadays in our society. （见教材2006年偶像崇拜）ii. In fact, what this picture illustrates

14、 is a phenomenon that has long existed in todays China. That is, a vast number of young men are not willing to take care of their aging parents.iii. In fact, this seemingly simple cartoon subtly discloses a prevalent phenomenon that has long existed in nowadays society. That is, . .iv. In effect, th

15、is cartoon is a miniature of a prevalent phenomenon in contemporary China: 偶像崇拜；不赡养老人etc2. Unfortunately, in contemporary China, especially in some big cities/metropolis, this sort of phenomenon can be seen everywhere. 3. Considering the seriousness of the present situation, it is necessary to point

16、 out the causes behind it. （见教材p50：分析原因句型）For one thing For another 源于教材p503. Why is phenomenon of disrespect for the old so prevalent nowadays? One reason is . Another factor is . Perhaps the primary cause is .5. A number of factors could account for the prevalence of disrespect for the old. One re

17、ason is . Another factor is . Perhaps the primary cause is .替换句的原因如下：Why, you may wonder, is不尊重老人so prevalent and ubiquitous in China today?变为 Why, you may wonder, is the phenomenon of disrespect for the old so prevalent and ubiquitous nowadays? 1. One reason is . 2. Another factor is . 3. Perhaps t

18、he primary cause is .1. To start with, . 2. Whats more, . 3. Equally important, .Two fundamental factors, in my mind, could account for .不尊重老人.变为 Three fundamental factors, in my mind, could account for the prevalence of disrespect for the old. One reason is . Another factor is . Perhaps the primary

19、 cause is .1. To start with, . 2. In addition, . 3. Equally important, .教材p54 坏处如下教材p55 三种如下坏处如下 Undoubtedly, no one could fail to notice the undesirable effects exerted by _ 1, . 2, . 3, .好处如下Undoubtedly, no one could fail to notice the benefits that _ bring to us. 1, . 2, . 3, .社会现象类（养老足球赛）末段As fo

20、r me, it is particularly important to take actions to solve the problem.On the macro level, the government and mass media need to advocate social responsibility and civil morality. (the traditional Chinese virtue of respecting the old.) On the micro level, relevant laws and regulations should be ena

21、cted and enforced to severely punish those who / every one of us might as well .Only with the combined efforts of both the authority and the grassroots can we curb the evil phenomenon revealed in the picture. (and build up an orderly and harmonious society.)一 描图1It is obvious that 在黑暗中有一盏灯, as is vi

22、vidly portrayed in the drawing above. 2. More precisely, 油灯上的火焰像一个笑脸，while他在向周围散发出光和热。3. Just as the caption reads, “爱心是一盏灯，在越黑暗的地方越明亮。”二、（精神）1表达作者写作目的，即：interpret/explaini. In fact, the purpose of these pictures is to show us that (见教材2000年捕鱼)ii. In fact, the symbolic/intended meaning conveyed by t

23、his cartoon is thought provoking and apparent: the spirit of contributing to others is very important.（见教材2004年的终点起点）iii. In effect, though the picture is simple, the idea conveyed by it is thought-provoking/profound.iv. In effect, the message is simple: the spirit of showing love to others is very

24、important as to the young generation. 2 比较：现象多见 Unfortunately, in contemporary China, especially in some metropolis, this sort of phenomena can be seen everywhere.精神缺失Unfortunately, in contemporary China, especially in some metropolis, this kind of spirit is universally lacked or even missed among t

25、he citizens.3 为什么这种精神重要？Considering the seriousness of the current situation, it is necessary to point out the importance of this spirit. （比如献爱心为什么重要？见教材：爱心是一盏灯Jew）Why, you may wonder, is 精神cooperation/self-confidence so crucial and indispensable to success?Two fundamental reasons, in my mind, could

26、 be responsible for the importance of cooperation as to the young men.精神的重要原因=精神给人们带来的好处However, no one could fail to notice the favorable effects exerted by _(品质/精神). 1. 2. 3.精神类末段 From my perspective, it is particularly important that we should take actions to improve the situation. On the macro l

27、evel, the government and mass media need to advocate social responsibility and civil morality / the spirit of self-confidence and optimism. On the micro level, some relevant laws and regulations should be enacted and enforced to punish those(或 从我做起 It is every individuals duty to . / Every one of us

28、 might as well learn to cultivate .Only through the concerted efforts of both the government/authority and the people can we curb the current evil phenomenon revealed in the picture, and build up an orderly and harmonious society.写作文章体系：规定动作： i. 开头2-3句 template ii. 三句话+why(1 2 3) iii. 结尾4句自选动作：Why =

29、 素材+展开素材：源自国外考试的理念考研精品班写作之素1.doc展开：1.换言之：That is to say In other words To put it another way P93 paraphrase 2.举例：Numerous illustrations can be given, but this will suffice To specify my statement, I would like to takeas an example. P93 A case in point is that .万能例证：To specify my statement, I would l

30、ike to take Qian Xuesen as an example. Qian, “the Chinese father of Missile”, is commemorated by the people for his spirit of patriotism and outstanding contribution to the development of the countrys nuclear and space industries. 3.反证：by contrast conversely on the contrary but for without p95/4 If

31、it were not forwould 反问：Conversely, if it were not for,how could it be possible forto?Two fundamental factors, in my mind, could account for the necessity and importance of self-confidence and courage. For one thing, 传统美德。钱学森。For another, confidence plays an indispensable role in success. 否则，如果缺乏自信心的话，学生们又怎么可能在考试中获得好成绩？Without. how could it be possible for sb.to do sth.? 如果缺乏自信心的话，运动员又怎么可能在比赛中打败对手呢？Otherwise, if the students lacked confidence, how could they get good marks in the test?Otherwise, without confidence, how could it be possible for the s