考研精品班写作之讲1.docx
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考研精品班写作之讲1
考研精品班写作之讲义篇
——陈少清
写作：
A.内容、观点：
煽情（×）
Logic：
不要跑题、不要违反原则问题
B.结构：
三段、总分总（中心突出、层次鲜明）
中心突出：
1.describe
2.explain
ment（frommyperspective）
depictinterpret
deducethepurpose
层次鲜明：
Tostartwithinadditionequallyimportant
Foronething…Foranother…
onthemacrolevelonthemicrolevel
C.语言：
单词多变、句子灵活
D.格式：
段与段之间不空行，每段开头空两格而非齐头式
句子不要改，单词应该改
E.错误：
时态；主谓一致；简单单词拼写
图画类作文：
一、现象（问题）原因类
描述，原因、解决
二、道理；精神类
1.……的重要2.原因3.提倡
三正反对比类
1.positive2.negative3.how
表chart柱状图barchart/column饼图piechart曲线图linechart
表格图tablechart
上升ascend（steeply）surgesoarrise
下降descenddrasticallyplungeplummetdropshrinkconsiderably
（shrinkfrom…to…）
占据takeupmakeupaccountforconstitute
大约nearlyroughlyapproximately20%ofthetotal/whole
（一、二合为一段）
一、引入话题
1.Itisastrikingfactthattheissueof…hastriggeredaheateddiscussion.
2.Beingacontroversialissue,…hassparkedapublicconcernthosedays.
二、现状
IncontemporaryChina,especiallyinsomemetropolitans,…anenormousnumber（numerous/pilesandpilesof）ofsmokerscanbeseenubiquitously.Asthesecondpiechartillustrated,thereare5.8billionpeopleintheworld,andthesmokersareabout1.1billion,whichaccountsforroughly20%ofthewhole.
三、危害
Undoubtedly,noonecouldfailtonoticetheundesirableconsequencesexertedbysmoking.Foronething,smokingcostsagreatdealofmoney.Accordingtothethirdpicture,smokingwastes200billiondollarsannually.Foranother,around3billionpeoplediefromsmoking-relateddiseaseseveryyear,asisrevealedinthelastdrawing.
四、总结、预测
Therefore,smokingindeeddoesharmtooursociety.Nevertheless,westillcanpredictthepicturetendencyconfidentlythattheamountoftobaccoconsumptionisonthedecrease.Fromthestatisticsgiveninthefirstbarchart,thetotalproductionoftobaccointheworldshrankdrasticallyfrom14.364billionpoundsin1994to14.2billionpoundsin1995.
图画类作文：
一、两幅图
①引入话题Itisastrikingfactthat...hasarousedpublicattention.
②描写（总分结构）Asisvividlydepictedinthesetofdrawings,
Thesetofdrawingspresentuswithascenethat…
Inthesetofpictureswecouldseeclearlythatflowersinthegreenhousecannotwithstandwindandrain...
Itisobviousthatthenumberoffishesshrankdrasticallyduetoexcessivecommercialfishing,asisvividlyportrayedinthepicturesbelow.
Morespecifically/moreprecisely/toputitmoreexact,therewasonlyoneboatbutnumerous/avastnumberof/pilesandpilesof/ahostof/amultitudeoffishin1900.Onthecontrary,therewerepilesandpilesoffishingboatsbutonlyonefishin1995.
练习：
举一反三03年温室的花朵的首段描写
Thesetofdrawingspresentuswithascenethatflowersinthegreenhousecannot?
?
?
windandrain.Toputitmoreexact,inthegreenhousethisflower?
?
?
.Incontrast,whenitleavesthehouse,theflower?
?
?
Toputitmoreprecise,underfullprotection,theflowergrowsupandbloomsvigorously.However,whenitleavestheshelter,itcannotsurviveanylonger.withersandthenperishes.
二、一幅图：
由中文小标题描小标题，没有的话描两句话
①浅描Inthisdrawingwecouldseeclearlythatthereisasmalllampagainstthebackgroundoffulldarkness.
②深描Morespecifically,thereisaflameonthelamp,whileitlookslikeasmilingface
③Justasthecaptionindicates,“爱心是一盏灯，在越黑暗的地方越明亮。
”
练习：
举一反三05年养老足球赛的首段描写
Thedrawingpresentsuswithascenethatfourchildrenareplayingafootballmatchofsupportingtheirfather.
......ascenethatapoorfatheriskickedaroundbyhischildrenjustlikeafootball.
Morespecifically,theeldestsonkickstheirfatheroutofhishome,
…,whiletwosonsandonedaughterkeepthispooroldmanawayfrom/outoftheirhouses.
21
Captionsubtitle
Weseeinthepicture…
Thisisaveryinterestingpictureof…
问题解决型图画类文章！
！
养老足球赛主体段落前4句
1.说明这个图表达的一个社会现象/问题
i.Infact,thiskindof文化全球化/偶像崇拜/不尊重老人isnotuncommonnowadaysinoursociety.（见教材2006年偶像崇拜）
ii.Infact,whatthispictureillustratesisaphenomenonthathaslongexistedintoday’sChina.Thatis,avastnumberofyoungmenarenotwillingtotakecareoftheiragingparents.
iii.Infact,thisseeminglysimplecartoonsubtlydisclosesaprevalentphenomenonthathaslongexistedinnowadayssociety.Thatis,......
iv.Ineffect,thiscartoonisaminiatureofaprevalentphenomenonincontemporaryChina:
偶像崇拜；不赡养老人etc
2.Unfortunately,incontemporaryChina,especiallyinsomebigcities/metropolis,thissortofphenomenoncanbeseeneverywhere.
3.Consideringtheseriousnessofthepresentsituation,itisnecessarytopointoutthecausesbehindit.（见教材p50：
分析原因句型）
Foronething…
Foranother…
源于教材p50
3.Whyisphenomenonofdisrespectfortheoldsoprevalentnowadays?
Onereasonis...Anotherfactoris...Perhapstheprimarycauseis...
5.Anumberoffactorscouldaccountfortheprevalenceofdisrespectfortheold.Onereasonis...Anotherfactoris...Perhapstheprimarycauseis...
替换句的原因如下：
Why,youmaywonder,is不尊重老人soprevalentandubiquitousinChinatoday?
变为Why,youmaywonder,isthephenomenonofdisrespectfortheoldsoprevalentandubiquitousnowadays?
1.Onereasonis...2.Anotherfactoris...3.Perhapstheprimarycauseis...
1.Tostartwith,...2.What’smore,...3.Equallyimportant,...
Twofundamentalfactors,inmymind,couldaccountfor...不尊重老人.
变为Threefundamentalfactors,inmymind,couldaccountfortheprevalenceofdisrespectfortheold.Onereasonis...Anotherfactoris...Perhapstheprimarycauseis...
1.Tostartwith,...2.Inaddition,...3.Equallyimportant,...
教材p54坏处如下
教材p55三种如下
坏处如下
Undoubtedly,noonecouldfailtonoticetheundesirableeffectsexertedby___1,...2,...3,...
好处如下
Undoubtedly,noonecouldfailtonoticethebenefitsthat___bringtous.1,...2,...3,...
社会现象类（养老足球赛）末段
Asforme,itisparticularlyimportanttotakeactionstosolvetheproblem.
Onthemacrolevel,thegovernmentandmassmedianeedtoadvocatesocialresponsibilityandcivilmorality.（thetraditionalChinesevirtueofrespectingtheold.）Onthemicrolevel,relevantlawsandregulationsshouldbeenactedandenforcedtoseverelypunishthosewho…//everyoneofusmightaswell...
Onlywiththecombinedeffortsofboththeauthorityandthegrassrootscanwecurbtheevilphenomenonrevealedinthepicture.（andbuildupanorderlyandharmonioussociety.）
一．描图
1．Itisobviousthat在黑暗中有一盏灯,asisvividlyportrayedinthedrawingabove.2.Moreprecisely,油灯上的火焰像一个笑脸，while他在向周围散发出光和热。
3.Justasthecaptionreads,“爱心是一盏灯，在越黑暗的地方越明亮。
”
二、（精神）
1．表达作者写作目的，即：
interpret/explain
i.Infact,thepurposeofthesepicturesistoshowusthat…（见教材2000年捕鱼）
ii.Infact,thesymbolic/intendedmeaningconveyedbythiscartoonisthoughtprovokingandapparent:
thespiritofcontributingtoothersisveryimportant.（见教材2004年的终点起点）
iii.Ineffect,thoughthepictureissimple,theideaconveyedbyitisthought-provoking/profound.
iv.Ineffect,themessageissimple:
thespiritofshowinglovetoothersisveryimportantastotheyounggeneration.
2比较：
现象多见Unfortunately,incontemporaryChina,especiallyinsomemetropolis,thissortofphenomenacanbeseeneverywhere.
精神缺失Unfortunately,incontemporaryChina,especiallyinsomemetropolis,thiskindofspiritisuniversallylackedorevenmissedamongthecitizens.
3为什么这种精神重要？
Consideringtheseriousnessofthecurrentsituation,itisnecessarytopointouttheimportanceofthisspirit.（比如献爱心为什么重要？
见教材：
爱心是一盏灯Jew）
Why,youmaywonder,is精神cooperation/self-confidencesocrucialandindispensabletosuccess?
Twofundamentalreasons,inmymind,couldberesponsiblefortheimportanceofcooperationastotheyoungmen.
精神的重要原因=精神给人们带来的好处
However,noonecouldfailtonoticethefavorableeffectsexertedby____（品质/精神）.1...2...3...
精神类末段
Frommyperspective,itisparticularlyimportantthatweshouldtakeactionstoimprovethesituation.Onthemacrolevel,thegovernmentandmassmedianeedtoadvocatesocialresponsibilityandcivilmorality//thespiritofself-confidenceandoptimism.Onthemicrolevel,somerelevantlawsandregulationsshouldbeenactedandenforcedtopunishthose…（或从我做起Itiseveryindividual’sdutyto...//Everyoneofusmightaswelllearntocultivate...
Onlythroughtheconcertedeffortsofboththegovernment/authorityandthepeoplecanwecurbthecurrentevilphenomenonrevealedinthepicture,andbuildupanorderlyandharmonioussociety.
写作文章体系：
规定动作：
i.开头2-3句template
ii.三句话+why（123）
iii.结尾4句
自选动作：
Why=素材+展开
素材：
源自国外考试的理念考研精品班写作之素[1]...doc
展开：
1.换言之：
ThatistosayInotherwordsToputitanotherwayP93paraphrase
2.举例：
Numerousillustrationscanbegiven,butthiswillsuffice…
Tospecifymystatement,Iwouldliketotake…asanexample.
P93Acaseinpointisthat...
万能例证：
Tospecifymystatement,IwouldliketotakeQianXuesenasanexample.Qian,“theChinesefatherofMissile”,iscommemoratedbythepeopleforhisspiritofpatriotismandoutstandingcontributiontothedevelopmentofthecountry'snuclearandspaceindustries.
3.反证：
bycontrastconverselyonthecontrarybutforwithoutp95/4
Ifitwerenotfor…would…
反问：
Conversely,ifitwerenotfor…,howcoulditbepossiblefor…to…?
Twofundamentalfactors,inmymind,couldaccountforthenecessityandimportanceofself-confidenceandcourage.Foronething,传统美德。
钱学森。
Foranother,confidenceplaysanindispensableroleinsuccess.否则，如果缺乏自信心的话，学生们又怎么可能在考试中获得好成绩？
Without...howcoulditbepossibleforsb.todosth.?
如果缺乏自信心的话，运动员又怎么可能在比赛中打败对手呢？
Otherwise,ifthestudentslackedconfidence,howcouldtheygetgoodmarksinthetest?
Otherwise,withoutconfidence,howcoulditbepossibleforthes
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