职称英语考试理工类B真题及答案代码21.docx

1、职称英语考试理工类B真题及答案代码212020年职称英语考试理工类B真题及答案(代码21）第一部分：词汇选项1.The organization was bold enough to face the press. A.pleased B.powerful C.brave D.sensible 2.I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A.accept B.control C.observe D.regulate 3.I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the pres

2、ent. A.limit B.fear C.power D.fool 4.Most people find rejection hard to accept. A.excuse B.client C.destiny D.refusal 5.Shes extremely competent and industrious. A.hardworking B.honest C.objective D.independent 6.The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. A.hide B.handle C.disclose D.establish 7.H

3、e tried to assemble his thoughts. A.clear B.share C.gather D.spare 8.The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A.message B.punishment C.guilt D.obligation 9.Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. A.flexible B.terrible C.reasonable D.serious 10.These products are inferi

4、or to those we brought last year. A.poorer than B.narrower than C.larger than D.richer than 11.The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly. A.improved B.changed C.worsened D.developed 12.There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building. A.coexisting B.fair C.full D

5、.pubic 13.Theyre petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport. A.requesting B.planning C.preparing D.looking 14.He said some harsh words about his brother. A.unkind B.proper C.normal D.unclear 15.We were attracted by the lure of quick money. A.amount B.supply C.sum D.temp第二

6、部分：阅读判断ADHD Linked to Air PollutantsChildren have an increased of attention problems, seen as early as grade school. If their noses inhaled(吸入)a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. Thats the finding of a new study. Released when things arent burned completely, this pollution is kn

7、own as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. The biggest sources of these PAHs： the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash.Frederica Perera works at Columbia Universitys Mailman School of Public Health is New York City. She researches how exposure to things in the environment affects childrens

8、 health in a new study, she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew(排放)PAHs into the air and lungs, Pereras team focused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to probe(探查)other sources of PAHs, ones thats

9、would have been hard for an individual to avoid.The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy. The reason Any PAHs in a womans blood would also be available to the baby in her womb. Nine years later, the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in those children, n

10、ow age 9. They asked each childs mother a series of questions. These included whatever her child had problems doing things that needed sustained(长期的)mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent, carel

11、ess mistakes. All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD. About one in U.S. children has ADHD.Among the women studied, traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure, Perera and her team suspect. Some of these wome

12、n had low levels of PAHs in their blood. Ohters had high levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9. The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.16.Perera and her team chose nonsmoking pregnant women all ove

13、r America.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjects physical health.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of smoking on PAHs was unclear.A.RightB.WrongC.Not

14、 mentioned19.The blood of each woman was tested once a month during pregnancy.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20.Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned

15、22.Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of PAHs for the subjects in the research.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned第3部分：概况大意与完成句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试理解：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第14段每段选择1个标题;(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个选项。First Image-recognitions software1)Dartmouth rese

16、archers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far greater accuracy than ever before.2)The new system, witch was tested on photos and is now being applied to videos, shows for the first time that a machine learn

17、ing algorithm(运算法则)for image recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficienti enough to improve large-scale document searches online. The system uses pixel(像素)data in images and potentially videorather than just textto locate documents. It learns to recognize the pixels associatedwith a search p

18、hrase by studying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledge gleaned(收集)from those results can then be applied to other photos without tags or captions(图片说明),making for more accurate document search results.3)“Over the last 30 years,” says Associate Professor Korenzo Torresani,

19、a co-author of the study,”the web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia datastet, where nearly every page includes multiple pictures of videos. When a person looks at a Web page, he immediately get the gist(主旨)of it by looking at t

20、he pictures in it. Yet, sruprisingly, all existing popular search engine, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained in the photos and use exclusively the text of Wed pages to perform the document retrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accu

21、rate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve document search.”4)The researchers designed and tested a machine vision systema type of artificialintelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmed that extracts sema

22、ntic(语义的)information from pixels of photos in Web pages. This informationg is used to enrich the description of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. The researchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries(查询)on a database of 50 million Wed pages. They selecte

23、d the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the Web pages. They found tht this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely base

24、d on text.23.Paragraph 1 _24.Paragraph 2 _25.Paragraph 3 _26.Paragraph 4 _A.Popularity of the new system B.Publication of the new discovery C.Function of the new system D.Artificial intelligence software created E.Problems of the existing search engines F.Improvementi in document retrieval27.The new

25、 system does document retrieval by _. 28.The new system is expected to improve precision in _. 29.When performing document retrieval the existing search engines ignore _. 30.The new system was found more effective in document search than the _.A.information in images B.current popular search engines

26、 C.using photos D.machine vision systems E.document search F.description of the HTML page第四部分：阅读理解第一篇Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, theyre usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pr

27、essure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy(树冠)of taller indigenous(土生土长的)trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-su

28、n coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there arent any trees. With increased production come increased profits.Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators

29、(捕食者)in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds ea

30、t the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coff

31、ee with such labels as shade grown and bird friendly. Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But were paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think its worth it.31.What is the main idea of this passage? 文章的主旨是A.Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee. 农民正改变他们种咖啡的方式B.Coffee is becoming more expensive