职称英语考试理工类B真题及答案代码21.docx
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职称英语考试理工类B真题及答案代码21
2020年职称英语考试理工类B真题及答案(代码21)
第一部分:
词汇选项
1.Theorganizationwasboldenoughtofacethepress.
A.pleased
B.powerful
C.brave
D.sensible
2.Iwillnottoleratethatsortofbehaviorinmyclass.
A.accept
B.control
C.observe
D.regulate
3.IrealizedtomyhorrorthatIhadforgottenthepresent.
A.limit
B.fear
C.power
D.fool
4.Mostpeoplefindrejectionhardtoaccept.
A.excuse
B.client
C.destiny
D.refusal
5.She'sextremelycompetentandindustrious.
A.hardworking
B.honest
C.objective
D.independent
6.Thedoctorsdidnotrevealthetruthtohim.
A.hide
B.handle
C.disclose
D.establish
7.Hetriedtoassemblehisthoughts.
A.clear
B.share
C.gather
D.spare
8.Thelawcarriesapenaltyofuptothreeyearsinprison.
A.message
B.punishment
C.guilt
D.obligation
9.Prisonerswerekeptinthemostappallingconditions.
A.flexible
B.terrible
C.reasonable
D.serious
10.Theseproductsareinferiortothosewebroughtlastyear.
A.poorerthan
B.narrowerthan
C.largerthan
D.richerthan
11.Thepoliticalsituationintheregionhasdeterioratedrapidly.
A.improved
B.changed
C.worsened
D.developed
12.Therewasasimultaneoustrialtakingplaceinthenextbuilding.
A.coexisting
B.fair
C.full
D.pubic
13.They'repetitioningforbetterfacilitiesforthedisabledonpublictransport.
A.requesting
B.planning
C.preparing
D.looking
14.Hesaidsomeharshwordsabouthisbrother.
A.unkind
B.proper
C.normal
D.unclear
15.Wewereattractedbythelureofquickmoney.
A.amount
B.supply
C.sum
D.temp
第二部分:
阅读判断
ADHDLinkedtoAirPollutants
Childrenhaveanincreasedofattentionproblems,seenasearlyasgradeschool.Iftheirnosesinhaled(吸入)acertaintypeofairpollutionwhentheywerepregnant.That'sthefindingofanewstudy.Releasedwhenthingsaren'tburnedcompletely,thispollutionisknownaspolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons,orPAHs.ThebiggestsourcesofthesePAHs:
theburningoffossilfuels,woodandtrash.
FredericaPereraworksatColumbiaUniversity'sMailmanSchoolofPublicHealthisNewYorkCity.Sheresearcheshowexposuretothingsintheenvironmentaffectschildren'shealthinanewstudy,sheandherteamstudiedtheexposuretoairpollutionof233nonsmokingpregnantwomeninNewYorkCity.Becauseburningtobaccocanspew(排放)PAHsintotheairandlungs,Perera'steamfocusedonnonsmokers.Theresearcherswantedtoprobe(探查)othersourcesofPAHs,onesthat'swouldhavebeenhardforanindividualtoavoid.
Theteamstartedbytestingthebloodofeachwomanduringpregnancy.ThereasonAnyPAHsinawoman'sbloodwouldalsobeavailabletothebabyinherwomb.Nineyearslater,theresearchersinvestigatedsignsofattentionproblemsinthosechildren,nowage9.Theyaskedeachchild'smotheraseriesofquestions.Theseincludedwhateverherchildhadproblemsdoingthingsthatneededsustained(长期的)mentaleffort,suchashomeworkorgameswithfriends.Thescientistsalsoaskedifthekidshadtroublefollowinginstructionsormadefrequent,carelessmistakes.AllofthesecanbesymptomsofadisordercalledAttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorder,orADHD.AboutoneinU.S.childrenhasADHD.
Amongthewomenstudied,trafficandhomeheatingweretheprimarysourcesofairpollutionexposure,Pereraandherteamsuspect.SomeofthesewomenhadlowlevelsofPAHsintheirblood.Ohtershadhighlevels.Thosewithhighlevelswerefivetimesaslikelytohavechildrenwhoshowedattentionproblemsbyage9.ThenewfindingswerepublishedNovember5inthejournalPLOSONE.
16.PereraandherteamchosenonsmokingpregnantwomenalloverAmerica.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
17.ThemainpurposeoftheresearchwastofindouthowexposuretoPAHsplayedaroleinharmingthesubjects'physicalhealth.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
18.NonsmokingmotherswereselectedbecausetheeffectofsmokingonPAHswasunclear.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
19.Thebloodofeachwomanwastestedonceamonthduringpregnancy.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
20.KidswithADHDcommonlyfailinschool.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
21.ThewomenwithhighlevelsofPAHsintheirbloodweremorelikelytohavekidswithADHD.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
22.TrafficandhomeheatingwereconsideredtobethebiggestsourcesofPAHsforthesubjectsintheresearch.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
第3部分:
概况大意与完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试理解:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段选择1个标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个选项。
FirstImage-recognitionssoftware
1)DartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartificialintelligencesoftwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInternetwithfargreateraccuracythaneverbefore.
2)Thenewsystem,witchwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingappliedtovideos,showsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm(运算法则)forimagerecognitionandretrievalisaccurateandefficientienoughtoimprovelarge-scaledocumentsearchesonline.Thesystemusespixel(像素)datainimagesandpotentiallyvideo—ratherthanjusttext—tolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepixelsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtext-basedimagesearchengines.Theknowledgegleaned(收集)fromthoseresultscanthenbeappliedtootherphotoswithouttagsorcaptions(图片说明),makingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.
3)“Overthelast30years,”saysAssociateProfessorKorenzoTorresani,aco-authorofthestudy,”thewebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytextdocumentstoamodern,massive,fast-growingmultimediadatastet,wherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepicturesofvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpage,heimmediatelygetthegist(主旨)ofitbylookingatthepicturesinit.Yet,sruprisingly,allexistingpopularsearchengine,suchasGoogleorBing,stripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseexclusivelythetextofWedpagestoperformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandefficientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontainedinimagepixelstoimprovedocumentsearch.”
4)Theresearchersdesignedandtestedamachinevisionsystem—atypeofartificialintelligencethatallowscomputerstolearnwithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed—thatextractssemantic(语义的)informationfrompixelsofphotosinWebpages.ThisinformationgisusedtoenrichthedescriptionoftheHTMLpageusedbysearchenginesfordocumentretrieval.Theresearcherstestedtheirapproachusingmorethan600searchqueries(查询)onadatabaseof50millionWedpages.Theyselectedthetext-retrievalsearchenginewiththebestperformanceandmodifiedittomakeuseoftheadditionalsemanticinformationextractedbytheirmethodfromthepicturesoftheWebpages.Theyfoundthtthisproduceda30percentimprovementinprecisionovertheoriginalsearchenginepurelybasedontext.
23.Paragraph1_____
24.Paragraph2_____
25.Paragraph3_____
26.Paragraph4_____
A.Popularityofthenewsystem
B.Publicationofthenewdiscovery
C.Functionofthenewsystem
D.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecreated
E.Problemsoftheexistingsearchengines
F.Improvementiindocumentretrieval
27.Thenewsystemdoesdocumentretrievalby_____.
28.Thenewsystemisexpectedtoimproveprecisionin_____.
29.Whenperformingdocumentretrievaltheexistingsearchenginesignore_____.
30.Thenewsystemwasfoundmoreeffectiveindocumentsearchthanthe_____.
A.informationinimages
B.currentpopularsearchengines
C.usingphotos
D.machinevisionsystems
E.documentsearch
F.descriptionoftheHTMLpage
第四部分:
阅读理解
第一篇 WhyBuyShade-GrownCoffee?
Whenpeopleargueaboutwhethercoffeeisgoodforhealth,they'reusuallythinkingofthehealthofthecoffeedrinker.Isitfoodforyourheart?
Doesitincreasebloodpressure?
Doesithelpyouconcentrate?
However,coffeeaffectsthehealthofthehumanpopulationinotherways,too.
Traditionally,coffeebusheswereplantedunderthecanopy(树冠)oftallerindigenous(土生土长的)trees.However,moreandmorefarmersinLatinAmericaaredeforestingthelandtogrowfull-suncoffees.Atfirst,thisincreasesproductionbecausemorecoffeebushescanbeplantediftherearen’tanytrees.Withincreasedproductioncomeincreasedprofits.
Unfortunately,deforestingforcoffeeproductionimmediatelydecreaseslocal-wildlifehabitat.Nativebirdsnestandhidefrompredators(捕食者)inthetalltreesandmigratingbirdsrestthere.
Furthermore,inthelongterm,thefull-sunmethodalsodamagestheecosystembecausemorechemicalfertilizersandpesticidesareneededtogrowthecoffee.Thefertilizersandpesticideskillinsectsthateatcoffeeplant,butthenthebirdseatthepoisonedinsectsandalsodie.Thechemicalskillorsickenotheranimalsaswell,andcanevenenterthewaterthatpeoplewilleventuallydrink.
Fortunately,farmersinCentralandSouthAmericaarebeginningtogrowmorecoffeebushesintheshade.Wecansupportthesefarmersbybuyingcoffeewithsuchlabelsas"shadegrown"and"birdfriendly."Sure,thesevarietiesmightcostalittlemore.Butwe'repayingforthehealthofthebirds,theland,ourselves,andtheplanet.Ithinkit'sworthit.
31.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
文章的主旨是
A.Farmersarechangingthewaytheygrowcoffee.农民正改变他们种咖啡的方式
B.Coffeeisbecomingmoreexpensive