高中英语课文的导入.docx

1、高中英语课文的导入 ；中国多媒体教学学报2006年第2期英语课的导入内容提要：导入是一节课的开始，也是教师进行教学活动的开始，它直接影响到整节课的效率。本文试图从利用文中插图、各种教学媒体，到以学生为中心、教师为主导，来介绍不同的导入手段，以期得到良好的课堂效果。关 键 词：导入，英语课，兴趣前言导入的意义导入在课堂教学中起着重要的作用，导入恰当与否，直接关系到教学效果的好坏。俗话说，良好的开端是成功的一半。一堂课如果导入得当，就能直接吸引学生，引起学生的注意，从而使其产生良好的学习动机，极大地调动学生学习的积极性，使课堂气氛变得轻松活泼，课堂活动顺利进行，提高课堂效率。因此，我们应对于不同单

2、元的课题选用不同的导入手段，激发学生学习的兴趣，使学生能主动参与教学过程，为整节课作好准备与铺垫。英语课堂教学的导入，包括把学生的注意力集中到授课的内容上，复习旧课以导入新课，以及传授新知识各个步骤的过渡。导入得法可以使学生在心理和知识上做好学习的准备，使学生进入良好的学习状态，激发学生的学习兴趣和求知欲望，从而集中精神学习新的内容。如果呈现新知识的方法单调呆板，平平淡淡，千篇一律，学生就会产生厌倦情绪。因此，英语课堂教学的导入是一个不容忽视的教学环节，是个值得研讨的课题。而我们对于不同课题的单元可以采用不同的导入手段，因为话题不同学生的喜好程度就不同，对于比较容易引起学生兴趣的课题可以稍做引

3、入马上进入正题；而对于学生不是特别有兴趣的话题可以多花点时间让学生的兴趣浓厚起来以后再入正题，这样可以为以后这一单元的学习做好准备。以下是针对新教材的一些话题的几种导入方法。1.利用Warming up，通过问答、讨论的形式进行导入高中英语新教材图文并茂，每一个单元第一部分是Warming up,在这一部分会提供一些图片或对话并针对这些图片或对话提出一些问题，学生通过对图片的描述、问答和教师言简意赅、提纲挈领的导语，逐步引入本课的话题。让学生适度地了解话题的内容，易激发学生内在的学习动力，使课堂气氛活跃。利用文中的插图导入新课，能激活学生认知图式的能力，并使其产生阅读课文以了解信息的愿望，为以

4、下教学铺平道路。如高中新教材一册（上）第三单元 Going Places，这一单元的Warming up 中提供了一些图片，并附有下一个层次的问题，在学生回答完第一部分图片问题需要进一步思考并回答接下来的问题。图片1已给出实例，学生可根据图片思考并回答以下三幅图的问题。T: Now lets have a look at the picture. What are they doing?Ss1: In picture 2, the boy is littering.Ss2: In picture 3, the woman is smoking where she shouldnt. Ss3:

5、The car is parking where no parking is allowed.T: Do you think they are doing the right thing?Ss(together): Of course not!T: In all these pictures, they are perhaps on their travel. If you have a travel, which means of transportation will you choose? Now I give you some destinations, you should deci

6、de the transportation means. First, if you travel from Shanghai to Tokyo, which means of transportation will you choose?St1: I will go to Tokyo from Shanghai by air.T: What about from Beijing to Shanghai?St2: I will go to Shanghai from Beijing by train.通过这种导入方法进入新课，比较自然，学生比较容易能够接受，进行比较顺利，而且占时较短。2. 充

7、分利用各种教学媒体进行导入随着经济的发展和科学的进步，各种教学设施日趋完善，电脑、电视机、投影仪、VCD、录像机、录音机等相继进入课堂。在我们学校高中英语课基本每天都会使用课件及投影设备，学生也觉得应用这些先进的教育手段上课他们感到非常有兴趣，对学习也很有帮助。所以，我们充分利用了这些设备进行教学导入。21直观导入法。直观导入法是指通过具体的实物、图片、简笔画、照片、幻灯片、录音、录像、VCD等手段，导入教学。它往往能直接引起学生的兴趣，将学生的注意力集中起来，直观的手段要比言语描述更为清晰明了，更容易激起学生的好奇心。如在上高中一册（上）第四单元Unforgettable experienc

8、es的阅读文章The Rescue时，教师可事先找一些与此有关的录像或VCD片段，通过放映，让学生感受到地震时人们的心情及地震所造成的灾难，从而更好地理解课文。又如在上第五单元The silver screen中的阅读Getting To Know STEVEN SPIELBERG时, 可直接放映由他导演的电影片段，学生往往在笑过之余，更迫切地希望了解STEVEN SPEILBERG的有关背景知识，起到了事半功倍的成效。又如上第十二单元Art and literature的阅读Harry Potter时，如果时间允许可放映电影Harry Potter的部分片断，这部电影学生都非常喜欢，所以能够

9、激发他们学习的热情，增强对文章的理解。再如在上第二单元的阅读文章English Around The World时，教师可充分利用收音机和录音机的功能，选择性转录了BBC和VOA的英语节目，上课时让学生听，然后让他们判断英国英语和美国英语在发音和用词上的区别，加深学生的感性认识,并进而总结出一些典型的英音与美音的差别。这种导入方法非常贴近学生的生活，学生看得听得津津有味，老师也能够比较容易的掌控整体的注意力。在讲Art and Literature那一单元reading课的导入时，我播放了一段Harry Potter的影片片断，学生特别喜欢，看得意犹未尽之时停放，借而把学生的思绪迁到课上来，效

10、果比较好，因为学生对这部电影很了解也很喜欢，非常容易进入状态，所以利用学生所喜爱的电影导入新课无疑会让学生的思路轻而易举的被老师调动起来。22音乐欣赏导入法。教师可根据课文的需要，可直接让学生欣赏有关音乐、歌曲，因势利导地组织学生讨论音乐的作者、作品的主题等。如在上第十一单元The sounds of the world时，可让学生先欣赏Country Road （乡村音乐），双截棍（R&B）,jazz, hip-hop , classic 等多种不同种类的歌曲并让学生判断这些歌曲分别属于何种音乐，从而引出The sounds of the world这个话题，进一步说明各种不同种类音乐的概念

11、及特点，使学生感到兴趣盎然，意犹未尽。或者可以以自身为例，请学生欣赏一段My favorite music-Endless Love(蓝色生死恋主题曲),然后让学生谈论自己喜欢的音乐类型及原因。For example:Student A: My favourite music is Beijing Opera, because I was born in Beijing . Beijing opera is very traditional in China and it is deeply loved by Beijingers. At first you will find difficu

12、lt to understand the words in it but after some time Im really in love with it.Student B: My favourite music are the songs by Jay Zhou. I think he is cool and I like his style very much. I can sing all the songs by him.Student C: My favourite music is pop music. Because it is easy for me to understa

13、nd the words in it and it is easy to follow. I like singing Karoke very much.23背景知识导入法。对于一些历史题材的课文，如在第七单元Cultural relics,第八单元Sports，教师可事先通过各种途径（如上英特网Internet等）找到相关的材料或背景知识，把它们制成幻灯片：或以关键词出现、或以时间为序、或以图片形式展示。教师采用以介绍作者、讨论课文背景为切入口，把学生引入到真实的语境中去，将语言的习得与语言的应用紧密地联系起来，既完成了教学任务又开拓了学生的知识面，符合语言的输入大于输出的原则。下面以第七单

14、元为例来说明背景引入法。通过先给出这些图片,分别展示了St Petersburg这座城市的历史与现貌，增强学生的感性认识。最后一幅图The city in ruins 引出课文。“Why the city was in ruins? If you want to know, lets look at the text together.”由于这个问题使学生产生了兴趣，很想进一步了解为什么圣彼得堡这座城市曾经被毁.带着这个问题去读课文能够比较有针对性。结果证实学生的思路能够紧跟老师，并比较踊跃积极地在课文中寻找问题的答案。3以学生为中心，把他们言谈、表演作为导入充分掌握学生的好表演、欲成功等特点

15、，把学生的自由式谈话（Free-talk）、演讲（Speech）、和表演（Act）或作为课堂教学的导入，满足学生的表演欲和成就感。31自由谈话式（Free-talk）。教师可让学生进行俩俩对话或由值日班长提出话题，各自自由发表看法，也可分组汇报，内容不限，可以是天气、日期、学生的日常活动、新闻话题、社会热点，或是学生感兴趣的话题，如奥运会、足球赛等。教师充分利用学生所讲的内容，并适时地引入主题。比如：在讲到Unit6 Good manners时，可以让学生看图编对话。以教科书中warming up为例：For example(students dialogues)：Dialogue 1: A:

16、 Excuse me. Can I come in?B: Sure. Weve already started.A: Im sorry. I missed the bus. / I was ill and I went to the hospital with my mom. / I went to the restroomB: Thats ok. Were on page 47.Dialogue 2: A: Excuse me. May I interrupt you for a moment?B: What is it?, Jordan?A: Im sorry, Mr. Baker. I

17、put my homework on your desk. / It is about my paper. I would like to have your suggestions. / I am here to ask some questions about todays lesson. There are some sentences that I felt rather difficult to understand.32三分钟演讲。教师让一位学生上台演讲三分钟，演讲的内容可根据演讲者的各自差异进行安排。如成绩滞后的学生可进行课文复述，程度中等的可进行与将要学的主题或与课文相关的内容

18、作演讲。如在上第十单元The world around us时，让学生准备以Environment或pollution为主题演讲，收效良好。而成绩优秀的学生则可以作即兴演讲。因此，教师一定要作好充分的安排，确定有关人员及演讲的主题，把锻炼学生的演讲能力的同时作为一节课的导入。以高二（上）Unit4为例，在讲Integrating Skills那一节课时，我把检查学生作业（Students presentation）作为本节课的导入。学生的presentation以 my favourite poem 为题，讲述自己喜欢的英文诗歌以及为什么喜欢，能从中得到什么样的感受或启发。这节课作为我们学校刚

19、刚结束的青年教师优质课展示活动中我的一节公开课，这两名同学的演讲为我的课增色不少，这种导入方式以及这节课的整个设计与安排也得到了听课老师的认可和好评。以下是两名同学的presentation实例。Presentation 1:Today, I ll show you a poem which is written by my favourite poet, called Tagore.It goes like this: One word keeps for me in thy silence,O world, when Im dead,I have loved.Tagore is an In

20、dian, and I find this beautiful poem in one of his collection of poem, called Stray Birds. Stray birds means flying birds, Tagore regarded his thoughts as birds flying in the head here and there, so he called his book a strange name.So you know, Ill tell you some of my flying thoughts after reading

21、this short but meaningful poem.First, we can see from the last sentence that is I have loved, but why didnt the writer write down I have ate my lunch, I have slept, or something else instead?Well, in my opinion, its all because the writer put love in the highest position in his life. As you know, lo

22、ve is the main line of our everyday life. Well, throughout the whole life, it is not only privilege but also a duty.Besides playing and studying, we have to know how to be others friends, how to respect others, and most important-how to love. Well, all of us want to be a perfect guy, just like what

23、Tagore wrote, at the time you are mortally ill, you dont have any pity, but only sweet memory about all kinds of love that you have had. So, never let anything passes by without even notice.Well, thats some of my feelings that I want to share with you all. Thanks for listening!By TracyPresentation 2

24、: Hello everyone! Today I will show you my favorite poem Take Me Home Country Road. Lets read the poem first.Im sure that most of you have heard the song before. Its quite famous.Next, I will show you some words and sentences that may be difficult to understand.1. Almost heaven, West Virginia refers

25、 to West Virginia is beautiful almost like a heaven.西弗吉尼亚像天堂一样美丽.2. Growing like a breeze. It means Life is growing like a breeze. (生命像清风一般成长) Its imaginative, right?3. To the place I belong. It means My natural end The phrase Belong to means belong.我的归宿。4. Miners lady It means 矿工们的圣母。5. Driving dow

26、n the road It equals to Driving along the road.Pay attention to all the she and her in this poem. They refer to West Virginia.I love the poem. Because the graceful words show us the beautiful sceneries of West Virginia. From it we can see that the writer loves his hometown deeply. The deep emotion m

27、akes me moved. The poem also makes me think about the life. While the writer gained many things such as private cars, money and colorful life in big cities, he lost the leisure and serenity of the countryside. When he drove along the country road, he was missing his hometown so much. So, which is mo

28、re important to a person, money or hometown? If its me, I do will choose the second one. Ok. Thats all I want to tell you. Thanks for your listening! By Wang Dan由于高一一年我们比较重视培养学生的听说能力，并要求每班学生自愿结成小组，每组根据自己的兴趣选择本学期一个单元的主题作Presentation. 通过去年一年的训练，学生对于这种发言方式已不再陌生而且能够做到比较充分的准备而且现场发挥得也比较好。这两位同学的presentatio

29、n之后，由此引入本节课的主题 How to enjoy and appreciate an English Poem? 这种导入方法既检查了作业的完成情况又适当地导入到新课的话题，经济地利用了时间，可谓一举两得。 33课本剧表演。高中英语新教材中许多内容都可以编成课本剧。如第四单元的阅读The Rescue、第六单元的阅读Good Manners At A Dinner Table等。教师事先通过成绩好的学生进行改写成简单易懂的剧本，再由学生进行简单的排练，在上课时进行表演导入，既训练了学生的语言表达能力，又满足了学生的表演欲，使班上的学生在不知不觉中陶醉于英语学习之中。在讲第六单元是由于时间

30、关系没有把这个想法付诸实践，所以这里无法给出实例。3.4 趣味小测试（quiz）.以高二（上）Unit 5 Reading为例，在第一节课中学生对British Isles已有一些初步的了解，在进行第二节Reading之前，可用quiz的形式对学生之前的知识进行测试，既复习了旧知识又可以自然过渡到即将要学习的新课上，最重要的一点就是学生对这种竞赛的方式非常有积极性，情绪高涨争先恐后，对新课的学习充满了热情和渴望。以下是Unit 5 British Isles导入的实例.First let the students do a small quiz about the UK.1.The UK is

31、 the short form of _.(the United Kingdom of Great Britain and the Northern Ireland)2. What is the capital city of the UK? (London)3. How many parts is the UK made up of? (4) 4.What are they? (England, Soctland, Wales, Northern Ireland)5. Match the capital city with the countries.England DublinWales Belfast Scotland CardiffNo