SAT OG 解析3整理版.docx

1、SAT OG 解析3整理版Book Test #3: Section 1Sample Essay - Score of 6As society toils onward into its dreams of the future, the progress that accompanies this movement may be tainted by individual motives of avarice. However, as seen in various fields such as art, history, and science, the human conscience

2、will limit the motivation of greed and inspire good works for the sake of morality. Ones sense of right and wrong forever impels one to be a decent, thoughtful person.Such people widely populate the idealistic field of literature. Though novels may be rife with villainous, self-serving characters, o

3、nly the heroic and moral personas emerge triumphant. For example, the well-known literary character Huckleberry Finn, from Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, rescinds his claim to a sizable fortune if possessing such wealth would diminish his safety. Furthermore, Huck will risk himself to ensure

4、 the security of his close comrade Jim. His loyalty, a facet of ones conscience, compels him to sacrifice his safety to ensure the well-being of others, which is more than money has accomplished in motivating Huck. Thus, a person, however fictional, considers the rewards of acting on conscience to b

5、e more fruitful than to be possessed by greed.Although such characters are fictional, the same motives of charity and morality have inspired numerous people in history to set aside their desires. Lyndon B. Johnson, Former President of the United States, pushed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 through Co

6、ngress motivated by conscience and a desire to correct the immorality of racism in society. Though some Senators stridently opposed such a bill, the power of motivation by conscience impassioned Johnson to strive even harder to remain loyal to the American precepts of equality. Such is fruition of c

7、onscientious actions.Though the great figures of history seem out of reach in their stature, as an individual I am faced with moral dilemmas rather often. For example, I have been offered more weighty positions on the newspaper, but as a rule, I have always refused when there was someone better qual

8、ified than I. Consequently, their talents result in a more improved issue, thereby increasing the benefit for all.Therein lies the reason why we are compelled by conscience. Money, fame and power are fleeting and insubstantial, for they can never mend the integrity sacrificed to obtain them. It is o

9、nly when we act in the name of what is right that all of our possible talents may benefit ourselves, our peers, and our ideals.Section 3ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct AnswerD : Choice (D) is correct. Toxic means poisonous or harmful to health. If one were to insert this term into t

10、he text, the sentence would read For a long time, most doctors maintained that taking massive doses of vitamins was relatively harmless; now, however, some are warning that excessive dosages can be toxic. The word however shows that the situation described in the first part of the sentence will cont

11、rast with that described in the second part of the sentence. This expectation is borne out in the sentence because a belief that taking large doses of vitamins is harmless was replaced with a belief that such doses are quite harmful. Explanation for Incorrect AnswerA : Choice (A) is incorrect. Healt

12、hy in this context means good for the body. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read For a long time, most doctors maintained that taking massive doses of vitamins was relatively harmless; now, however, some are warning that excessive dosages can be healthy. Since healt

13、h is a condition that everyone desires or wants to maintain, no one would think of warning people that a certain substance can be healthy. In addition, with the insertion of healthy into the sentence, the meaning of the first part of the sentence does not contrast with that of the second part. There

14、fore, the expectation set up by the word however is not satisfied. Explanation for Incorrect AnswerB : Choice (B) is incorrect. Expensive means costing a lot. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read For a long time, most doctors maintained that taking massive doses of

15、vitamins was relatively harmless; now, however, some are warning that excessive dosages can be expensive. It would not take doctors to warn people that large doses of vitamins can be expensive; anyone who buys vitamins could make that judgment well enough. In addition, the contrast set up by the wor

16、d however is not satisfied by mentioning the health consequences of vitamins in one part of the sentence and their cost in the other part, as the contrast should be in the same area: healthful/unhealthful or expensive/cheap. Explanation for Incorrect AnswerC : Choice (C) is incorrect. Wasteful means

17、 using more than is necessary. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read For a long time, most doctors maintained that taking massive doses of vitamins was relatively harmless; now, however, some are warning that excessive dosages can be wasteful. The doctors comment in

18、the first part of the sentence is not that massive doses of vitamins are an efficient use of resources, only that those doses would not cause problems. So saying in the second part of the sentence that doctors now warn that such massive dosages can be wasteful does not provide the type of sharp cont

19、rast that the reader expects from two clauses that are joined by the word however. Explanation for Incorrect AnswerE : Choice (E) is incorrect. Inane means silly. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read For a long time, most doctors maintained that taking massive doses

20、 of vitamins was relatively harmless; now, however, some are warning that excessive dosages can be inane. The doctors do not say in the first part of the sentence that taking massive doses of vitamins is a smart thing to do; they just say that such massive doses are relatively harmless. Therefore, s

21、aying in the second part of the sentence that doctors now warn that such massive dosages can be inane does not provide the clear contrast that the reader expects from two clauses that are joined by the word however. 2 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct AnswerD : Choice (D) is correct.

22、“Scrutinize” means to examine very closely. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read “In Jamaica Kincaids novel Lucy, the West Indian heroine scrutinizes her employers world, critically examining its assumptions and values.” A writer who critically examines the assumpti

23、ons and values of something is by definition scrutinizing it.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerA : Choice (A) is incorrect. “Idealize” means to show something as more nearly perfect than is true. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read “In Jamaica Kincaids novel Lucy, th

24、e West Indian heroine idealizes her employers world, critically examining its assumptions and values.” Someone who actually does critically examine the assumptions and values of a part of society cannot be said to be idealizing society. When something is critically examined, the examination is likel

25、y to reveal problems of some sort. Even if the examination uncovered no flaws, the resulting positive evaluation would properly be called realistic, not idealistic.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerB : Choice (B) is incorrect. “Avoid” means to stay away from. If one were to insert this term into the t

26、ext, the sentence would read “In Jamaica Kincaids novel Lucy, the West Indian heroine avoids her employers world, critically examining its assumptions and values.” It is almost impossible to critically examine the assumptions and values of a part of society while trying to stay far away from that so

27、ciety.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerC : Choice (C) is incorrect. “Beautify” means to make something look good. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read “In Jamaica Kincaids novel Lucy, the West Indian heroine beautifies her employers world, critically examining its as

28、sumptions and values.” When someone critically examines the assumptions and values of a social system, the result almost never makes the system look worse than before, but even if the examination revealed no flaws, a truly critical examination cannot reasonably be called a beautification because the

29、 examination does not itself cause the thing to look good.Explanation for Incorrect AnswerE : Choice (E) is incorrect. “Exclude” in this context means to refuse to consider. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read “In Jamaica Kincaids novel Lucy, the West Indian heroin

30、e excludes her employers world, critically examining its assumptions and values.” It is simply not possible to refuse to consider something while at the same time examining its assumptions and values.3 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct AnswerC : Choice (C) is correct. Testify to in th

31、is context means to provide evidence of. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read The frequent name changes that the country has undergone testify to the political turbulence that has attended its recent history. Countries rarely change their names unless some important

32、 political forces have caused them to do so. Thus, name changes provide some evidence that a country has suffered political unrest. Explanation for Incorrect AnswerA : Choice (A) is incorrect. Argue against means to provide reasons not to believe some point of view. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read The frequent name changes that the country has undergone argue against the political turbulence that has attended its recent history. Since countries change their names only when some political pressure f