SAT OG 解析3整理版.docx
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SATOG解析3整理版
BookTest#3:
Section1
SampleEssay-Scoreof6
Associetytoilsonwardintoitsdreamsofthefuture,theprogressthataccompaniesthismovementmaybetaintedbyindividualmotivesofavarice.However,asseeninvariousfieldssuchasart,history,andscience,thehumanconsciencewilllimitthemotivationofgreedandinspiregoodworksforthesakeofmorality.One’ssenseofrightandwrongforeverimpelsonetobeadecent,thoughtfulperson.
Suchpeoplewidelypopulatetheidealisticfieldofliterature.Thoughnovelsmayberifewithvillainous,self-servingcharacters,onlytheheroicandmoralpersonasemergetriumphant.Forexample,thewell-knownliterarycharacterHuckleberryFinn,fromTwain’sAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,rescindshisclaimtoasizablefortuneifpossessingsuchwealthwoulddiminishhissafety.Furthermore,HuckwillriskhimselftoensurethesecurityofhisclosecomradeJim.Hisloyalty,afacetofone’sconscience,compelshimtosacrificehissafetytoensurethewell-beingofothers,whichismorethanmoneyhasaccomplishedinmotivatingHuck.Thus,aperson,howeverfictional,considerstherewardsofactingonconsciencetobemorefruitfulthantobepossessedbygreed.
Althoughsuchcharactersarefictional,thesamemotivesofcharityandmoralityhaveinspirednumerouspeopleinhistorytosetasidetheirdesires.LyndonB.Johnson,FormerPresidentoftheUnitedStates,pushedtheCivilRightsActof1964throughCongressmotivatedbyconscienceandadesiretocorrecttheimmoralityofracisminsociety.ThoughsomeSenatorsstridentlyopposedsuchabill,thepowerofmotivationbyconscienceimpassionedJohnsontostriveevenhardertoremainloyaltotheAmericanpreceptsofequality.Suchisfruitionofconscientiousactions.
Thoughthegreatfiguresofhistoryseemoutofreachintheirstature,asanindividualIamfacedwithmoraldilemmasratheroften.Forexample,Ihavebeenofferedmoreweightypositionsonthenewspaper,butasarule,IhavealwaysrefusedwhentherewassomeonebetterqualifiedthanI.Consequently,theirtalentsresultinamoreimprovedissue,therebyincreasingthebenefitforall.
Thereinliesthereasonwhywearecompelledbyconscience.Money,fameandpowerarefleetingandinsubstantial,fortheycannevermendtheintegritysacrificedtoobtainthem.Itisonlywhenweactinthenameofwhatisrightthatallofourpossibletalentsmaybenefitourselves,ourpeers,andourideals.
Section3
ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONS
ExplanationforCorrectAnswer D:
Choice(D)iscorrect."Toxic"meanspoisonousorharmfultohealth.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Foralongtime,mostdoctorsmaintainedthattakingmassivedosesofvitaminswasrelativelyharmless;now,however,somearewarningthatexcessivedosagescanbetoxic."Theword"however"showsthatthesituationdescribedinthefirstpartofthesentencewillcontrastwiththatdescribedinthesecondpartofthesentence.Thisexpectationisborneoutinthesentencebecauseabeliefthattakinglargedosesofvitaminsisharmlesswasreplacedwithabeliefthatsuchdosesarequiteharmful.
ExplanationforIncorrectAnswer A:
Choice(A)isincorrect."Healthy"inthiscontextmeansgoodforthebody.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Foralongtime,mostdoctorsmaintainedthattakingmassivedosesofvitaminswasrelativelyharmless;now,however,somearewarningthatexcessivedosagescanbehealthy."Sincehealthisaconditionthateveryonedesiresorwantstomaintain,noonewouldthinkofwarningpeoplethatacertainsubstancecanbehealthy.Inaddition,withtheinsertionof"healthy"intothesentence,themeaningofthefirstpartofthesentencedoesnotcontrastwiththatofthesecondpart.Therefore,theexpectationsetupbytheword"however"isnotsatisfied.
ExplanationforIncorrectAnswer B:
Choice(B)isincorrect."Expensive"meanscostingalot.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Foralongtime,mostdoctorsmaintainedthattakingmassivedosesofvitaminswasrelativelyharmless;now,however,somearewarningthatexcessivedosagescanbeexpensive."Itwouldnottakedoctorstowarnpeoplethatlargedosesofvitaminscanbeexpensive;anyonewhobuysvitaminscouldmakethatjudgmentwellenough.Inaddition,thecontrastsetupbytheword"however"isnotsatisfiedbymentioningthehealthconsequencesofvitaminsinonepartofthesentenceandtheircostintheotherpart,asthecontrastshouldbeinthesamearea:
healthful/unhealthfulorexpensive/cheap.
ExplanationforIncorrectAnswer C:
Choice(C)isincorrect."Wasteful"meansusingmorethanisnecessary.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Foralongtime,mostdoctorsmaintainedthattakingmassivedosesofvitaminswasrelativelyharmless;now,however,somearewarningthatexcessivedosagescanbewasteful."Thedoctors'commentinthefirstpartofthesentenceisnotthatmassivedosesofvitaminsareanefficientuseofresources,onlythatthosedoseswouldnotcauseproblems.Sosayinginthesecondpartofthesentencethatdoctorsnowwarnthatsuchmassivedosagescanbewastefuldoesnotprovidethetypeofsharpcontrastthatthereaderexpectsfromtwoclausesthatarejoinedbytheword"however."
ExplanationforIncorrectAnswer E:
Choice(E)isincorrect."Inane"meanssilly.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Foralongtime,mostdoctorsmaintainedthattakingmassivedosesofvitaminswasrelativelyharmless;now,however,somearewarningthatexcessivedosagescanbeinane."Thedoctorsdonotsayinthefirstpartofthesentencethattakingmassivedosesofvitaminsisasmartthingtodo;theyjustsaythatsuchmassivedosesarerelativelyharmless.Therefore,sayinginthesecondpartofthesentencethatdoctorsnowwarnthatsuchmassivedosagescanbeinanedoesnotprovidetheclearcontrastthatthereaderexpectsfromtwoclausesthatarejoinedbytheword"however."
2
ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONS
ExplanationforCorrectAnswer D:
Choice(D)iscorrect.“Scrutinize”meanstoexamineveryclosely.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread“InJamaicaKincaid’snovelLucy,theWestIndianheroinescrutinizesheremployers’world,criticallyexaminingitsassumptionsandvalues.”Awriterwhocriticallyexaminestheassumptionsandvaluesofsomethingisbydefinitionscrutinizingit.
ExplanationforIncorrectAnswer A:
Choice(A)isincorrect.“Idealize”meanstoshowsomethingasmorenearlyperfectthanistrue.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread“InJamaicaKincaid’snovelLucy,theWestIndianheroineidealizesheremployers’world,criticallyexaminingitsassumptionsandvalues.”Someonewhoactuallydoescriticallyexaminetheassumptionsandvaluesofapartofsocietycannotbesaidtobeidealizingsociety.Whensomethingiscriticallyexamined,theexaminationislikelytorevealproblemsofsomesort.Eveniftheexaminationuncoverednoflaws,theresultingpositiveevaluationwouldproperlybecalledrealistic,notidealistic.
ExplanationforIncorrectAnswer B:
Choice(B)isincorrect.“Avoid”meanstostayawayfrom.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread“InJamaicaKincaid’snovelLucy,theWestIndianheroineavoidsheremployers’world,criticallyexaminingitsassumptionsandvalues.”Itisalmostimpossibletocriticallyexaminetheassumptionsandvaluesofapartofsocietywhiletryingtostayfarawayfromthatsociety.
ExplanationforIncorrectAnswer C:
Choice(C)isincorrect.“Beautify”meanstomakesomethinglookgood.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread“InJamaicaKincaid’snovelLucy,theWestIndianheroinebeautifiesheremployers’world,criticallyexaminingitsassumptionsandvalues.”Whensomeonecriticallyexaminestheassumptionsandvaluesofasocialsystem,theresultalmostnevermakesthesystemlookworsethanbefore,buteveniftheexaminationrevealednoflaws,atrulycriticalexaminationcannotreasonablybecalledabeautificationbecausetheexaminationdoesnotitselfcausethethingtolookgood.
ExplanationforIncorrectAnswer E:
Choice(E)isincorrect.“Exclude”inthiscontextmeanstorefusetoconsider.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread“InJamaicaKincaid’snovelLucy,theWestIndianheroineexcludesheremployers’world,criticallyexaminingitsassumptionsandvalues.”Itissimplynotpossibletorefusetoconsidersomethingwhileatthesametimeexaminingitsassumptionsandvalues.
3
ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONS
ExplanationforCorrectAnswer C:
Choice(C)iscorrect."Testifyto"inthiscontextmeanstoprovideevidenceof.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thefrequentnamechangesthatthecountryhasundergonetestifytothepoliticalturbulencethathasattendeditsrecenthistory."Countriesrarelychangetheirnamesunlesssomeimportantpoliticalforceshavecausedthemtodoso.Thus,namechangesprovidesomeevidencethatacountryhassufferedpoliticalunrest.
ExplanationforIncorrectAnswer A:
Choice(A)isincorrect."Argueagainst"meanstoprovidereasonsnottobelievesomepointofview.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"Thefrequentnamechangesthatthecountryhasundergoneargueagainstthepoliticalturbulencethathasattendeditsrecenthistory."Sincecountrieschangetheirnamesonlywhensomepoliticalpressuref