海洋污染与防治报告.docx

1、海洋污染与防治报告班级环境101 学号201010411003 姓名孙小迅日期2012/4/20 题目: 海洋污染及其防治 1.课题分析: 近年来我国社会经济高速发展,环境污染日趋严重,随着陆源污染物排海,海洋环境的污染更加突出。随着我国沿海工农业的发展和人口的增加,海洋环境污染日趋严重。近年来全球范围内海洋赤潮、石油泄漏等灾害频发且规模不断扩大,严重破坏了沿海生态环境,危害人类生命财产安全,导致了巨大的经济损失。因此,研制实时、可靠的海洋环境在线监测系统,建立准确、高效的赤潮预测预警系统,完善污染防治等有关法律法规,完全符合沿海国家海洋开发战略部署和社会发展的迫切需要。根据这些分析,我们可以

2、看出课题涉及的主题(关键词)主要是海洋、污染、防治措施、经济发展与环境保护等(ocean、pollution、prevention、economic development and environment protection)。因此,应该对这些关键词进行全面的布尔逻辑检索。 2.选择数据库 EIISI Web of Science(SCIE+CPCI)同方中国知网(CNKI)万方数据资源系统 3.检索途径 使用EI 数据库检索时,进行高级检索,本次检索使用2000-2012的数据。同时依据以上分析,采用ocean pollution,protection这两个词的“与”检索。“ocean p

3、ollution*protection。使用ISI 检索时,选择数据库时选择首项Academic Search Premier,进行高级检索,输入ocean、pollution prevention、protection ,选全文检索。使用同方知网中文数据库检索时,根据以上分析选用主题词检索字段检索,且用海洋污染与防治两词进行布尔逻辑检索,采用高级检索。 4.检索内容 EI Accession number:40 Title:OPDIN - one way the ocean community informs Authors:Smith, Ronald J. (1) Author affil

4、iation:(1) NOAA, Washington, DC, USA Corresponding author:Smith, Ronald J. V olume:2 Monograph title:Oceans 88 Proc Partnership Mar Interest Issue date:1988 Publication year:1988 Pages:618-622 Language:English Document type:Conference article (CA) Conference name:Oceans 88: Proceedings - a Partnersh

5、ip of Marine Interests Conference location:Baltimore, MD, USA Sponsor:IEEE, Marine Technology Soc, New York, NY, USA Publisher:Publ by IEEE, New York, NY, USA Abstract:In 1978 the National Ocean Pollution Planning Act established the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Associations (NOAAs) respon

6、sibility for the timely dissemination of ocean pollution information produced by federally funded or sponsored programs to persons having an interest in ocean pollution research, development, and monitoring. To this end, NOAAs National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) created the Ocean Pollution Dat

7、a and Information Network (OPDIN). Since 1981 the network has been providing the marine pollution community with an extensive list of products and services. One of the networks recent efforts is to identify federally funded projects listed in the FY 1978-FY 1983 editions of the Federal Marine Pollut

8、ion Project Catalog that have collected marine pollution field data. A final report, targeted for the end of 1988, will list data-producing projects by agency, program, institution, and primary investigator. Number of references:9 Main heading:Water Pollution Controlled terms:Information Retrieval S

9、ystems - Legislation - Ocean Engineering Uncontrolled terms:National Ocean Pollution Planning Act - National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Association - Ocean Pollution Data and Information Network Classification code:453 Water Pollution - 472 Ocean Engineering - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling

10、 and Applications - 902 Engineering Graphics; Engineering Standards; Patents - 903 Information Science Treatment:Experimental (EXP) Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc. Accession number:61 Title:NEW TOOLS FOR THE OCEAN POLLUTION DATA AND INFORMA TION NETWOR

11、K. Authors:Audet, John J. (1) Author affiliation:(1) US NOAA, Washington, DC, USA, US NOAA, Washington, DC, USA Corresponding author:Audet, John J. Source title:Oceans Conference Record (IEEE) Abbreviated source title:Oceans (New York) Issue date:1985 Publication year:1985 Pages:99-103 Language:Engl

12、ish ISSN:01977385 CODEN:OCNSDK Document type:Conference article (CA) Conference name:Ocean Engineering and the Environment - Conference Record. Conference location:San Diego, CA, USA Conference code:8324 Sponsor:Marine Technology Soc, Washington, DC, USA; IEEE Ocean Engineering Soc, New York, NY, US

13、A Publisher:IEEE, New York, NY, USA Abstract:Over the past few years, NOAAs Ocean Pollution Data and Information Network, thorugh the Central Coordination and Referral Office, has played an increasing role in disseminating marine pollution data and information from federally supported projects. Data

14、 and information systems and files adapted to personal computer technologies are being developed to meet in a cost-effective way the need for improved marine pollution products. These systems are based primarily on a set of parameters that have evolved as primary descriptors concerning marine pollut

15、ion interests through the operation of a database known as the National Marine Pollution Information System. Available and planned systems and the tools used to respond to network requests are described, along with product examples that could result from a typical request. Number of references:5 Mai

16、n heading:SEAWA TER Controlled terms:INFORMA TION RETRIEV AL SYSTEMS - WATER POLLUTION Uncontrolled terms:OCEAN POLLUTION DATA AND INFORMA TION NETWORK Classification code:453 Water Pollution - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 903 Informat

17、ion Science Database:Compendex Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc. ISI 记录: 1 标题:A Stochastic Approach to Modeling of Oil Pollution. 作者:Haluk Ors1 Server Levent Yilmaz1 yilmservboun.edu.tr 来源:Energy Sources; Jul2004, V ol. 26 Issue 9, p879-884, 6p, 3 Diagrams 文献类型:Article Cop

18、yright of Energy Sources is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holders express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract ma

19、y be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) ISSN:00908312 入藏编号:13838464 UR:此记录的持久性链接(永久链接): 剪切和粘贴A Stochastic Approach to Modeling of Oil Pollutio

20、n. 数据库: Academic Search Premier 记录: 2 标题:Green Ships: Keeping Oceans Blue. 作者:Katsioloudis, Petros J.1,2 pkatsiolodu.edu 来源:Technology Teacher; Feb2010, V ol. 69 Issue 5, p5-9, 5p 文献类型:Article NAICS/Industry Codes483112 Deep Sea Passenger Transportation 487210 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation,

21、Water 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs 488330 Navigational Services to Shipping 488390 Other Support Activities for Water Transportation 488490 Other Support Activities for Road Transportation 全文字数:2537 ISSN:07463537 入藏编号:47758683 UR:此记录的持久性链接(永久链接)

22、: 剪切和粘贴Green Ships: Keeping Oceans Blue. 数据库: Academic Search Premier 部分:Resources in Technology Green Ships: Keeping Oceans Blue Some of todays ships can transport more than 5,000 passengers and crew and have the capacity to generate more than 11 million gallons of waste water every day. The marine

23、 transport sector contributes significantly to air and water pollution, particularly in coastal areas (Capaldo et. al., 1999). In the oceans, the threat to marine life comes in various forms, such as overexploitation and harvesting, dumping of waste, pollution, alien species, land reclamation, dredg

24、ing, and global climate change (Beatley, 1991). Cruise ships, for example, are floating cities that produce enormous volumes of completely unregulated or inadequately regulated waste (Schmidt, 2000). Considering the fact that some of todays ships can transport more than 5,000 passengers and crew and

25、 have the capacity to generate more than 11 million gallons of waste water every day, as well as carry significant amounts of hazardous chemicals from onboard printing, photo processing, and dry cleaning operations, it is easy to argue their contribution to a global pollution of the environment (Sch

26、midt, 2000). The worlds ships are primarily powered by diesel engines that consume less fuel than other propulsion systems and have replaced most of the steam turbine systems that were dominant in the 1940s (Corbett & Fischbeck, 1999). It is estimated that, annually, oceangoing ships emit 1.2-1.6 mi

27、llion metric tons of waste (Corbett & Koehler, 2003). Recent studies have shown an average of 15% of global nitrogen oxide and 5%-8% of global Sulfide Oxide emissions to be generated by oceangoing ships (Corbett et. al., 2007). According to a report published by the United States General Accounting

28、Office (GAO), from 1993 to 1998 alone, cruise ships were involved in 87 confirmed cases of illegal discharges of oil, garbage, and hazardous wastes into United States waters and have paid more than $30 million in fines (GAO, 2000). In a particularly disturbing case, Royal Caribbean Cruises, Ltd. adm

29、itted to routinely dumping waste oil from several of its ships and deliberately dumping hazardous chemicals from photo-processing labs, dry-cleaning operations, and print shops into several U.S. harbors and coastal areas over a period of several years. After an extensive investigation, the company p

30、led guilty to a total of 21 felony counts in six U.S. jurisdictions, and agreed to pay a record $18 million in criminal fines (Schmidt, 2000). A congressional research report indicates that cruise ships carrying several thousand passengers and crew have been compared to floating cities, and the volu

31、me of wastes that they produce is comparably large, consisting of sewage; wastewater from sinks, showers, and galleys (gray water); hazardous wastes; solid waste; oily bilge water; ballast water; and air pollution (Copeland, 2008). Sewage According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), vesse

32、l sewage is more concentrated than domestic sewage because people on vessels use less volume of water for sanitary purposes than do people on land (EPA, 2000). The discharge of sewage from vessels into the water contributes to the degradation of the marine environment by introducing disease-causing microorganisms and excessive nutrients. Keckes (1983) indicates that sewage effluents