海洋污染与防治报告.docx

海洋污染与防治报告.docx

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海洋污染与防治报告

班级环境101学号201010411003姓名孙小迅日期2012/4/20

题目:

海洋污染及其防治

1.课题分析:

近年来我国社会经济高速发展,环境污染日趋严重,随着陆源污染物排海,海洋环境的污染更加突出。

。

随着我国沿海工农业的发展和人口的增加,海洋环境污染日趋严重。

近年来全球范围内海洋赤潮、石油泄漏等灾害频发且规模不断扩大,严重破坏了沿海生态环境,危害人类生命财产安全,导致了巨大的经济损失。

因此,研制实时、可靠的海洋环境在线监测系统,建立准确、高效的赤潮预测预警系统,完善污染防治等有关法律法规,完全符合沿海国家海洋开发战略部署和社会发展的迫切需要。

根据这些分析,我们可以看出课题涉及的主题（关键词）主要是海洋、污染、防治措施、经济发展与环境保护等（ocean、pollution、prevention、economicdevelopmentandenvironmentprotection）。

因此,应该对这些关键词进行全面的布尔逻辑检索。

2.选择数据库

《EI》《ISIWebofScience（SCIE+CPCI）》《同方中国知网（CNKI）》《万方数据资源系统》

3.检索途径

使用EI数据库检索时,进行高级检索,本次检索使用2000-2012的数据。

同时依据以上分析,采用oceanpollution,protection这两个词的“与”检索。

“oceanpollution*protection"。

使用ISI检索时,选择数据库时选择首项AcademicSearchPremier,进行高级检索,输入ocean、pollutionprevention、protection,选全文检索。

使用同方知网中文数据库检索时,根据以上分析选用主题词检索字段检索,且用海洋污染与防治两词进行布尔逻辑检索,采用高级检索。

4.检索内容

《EI》

Accessionnumber:

40

Title:

OPDIN-onewaytheoceancommunityinforms

Authors:

Smith,RonaldJ.

（1）

Authoraffiliation:

（1）NOAA,Washington,DC,USA

Correspondingauthor:

Smith,RonaldJ.

Volume:

2

Monographtitle:

Oceans'88ProcPartnershipMarInterest

Issuedate:

1988

Publicationyear:

1988

Pages:

618-622

Language:

English

Documenttype:

Conferencearticle（CA）

Conferencename:

Oceans'88:

Proceedings-aPartnershipofMarineInterests

Conferencelocation:

Baltimore,MD,USA

Sponsor:

IEEE,MarineTechnologySoc,NewYork,NY,USA

Publisher:

PublbyIEEE,NewYork,NY,USA

Abstract:

In1978theNationalOceanPollutionPlanningActestablishedtheNationalOceanographicandAtmosphericAssociation's（NOAA's）responsibilityforthetimelydisseminationofoceanpollutioninformationproducedbyfederallyfundedorsponsoredprogramstopersonshavinganinterestinoceanpollutionresearch,development,andmonitoring.Tothisend,NOAA'sNationalOceanographicDataCenter（NODC）createdtheOceanPollutionDataandInformationNetwork（OPDIN）.Since1981thenetworkhasbeenprovidingthemarinepollutioncommunitywithanextensivelistofproductsandservices.Oneofthenetwork'srecenteffortsistoidentifyfederallyfundedprojectslistedintheFY1978-FY1983editionsoftheFederalMarinePollutionProjectCatalogthathavecollectedmarinepollutionfielddata.Afinalreport,targetedfortheendof1988,willlistdata-producingprojectsbyagency,program,institution,andprimaryinvestigator.

Numberofreferences:

9

Mainheading:

WaterPollution

Controlledterms:

InformationRetrievalSystems-Legislation-OceanEngineeringUncontrolledterms:

NationalOceanPollutionPlanningAct-NationalOceanographicandAtmosphericAssociation-OceanPollutionDataandInformationNetwork

Classificationcode:

453WaterPollution-472OceanEngineering-723ComputerSoftware,DataHandlingandApplications-902EngineeringGraphics;EngineeringStandards;Patents-903InformationScience

Treatment:

Experimental（EXP）

Database:

Compendex

Compilationandindexingterms,Copyright2012ElsevierInc.

Accessionnumber:

61

Title:

NEWTOOLSFORTHEOCEANPOLLUTIONDATAANDINFORMATIONNETWORK.Authors:

Audet,JohnJ.

（1）

Authoraffiliation:

（1）USNOAA,Washington,DC,USA,USNOAA,Washington,DC,USACorrespondingauthor:

Audet,JohnJ.

Sourcetitle:

OceansConferenceRecord（IEEE）

Abbreviatedsourcetitle:

Oceans（NewYork）

Issuedate:

1985

Publicationyear:

1985

Pages:

99-103

Language:

English

ISSN:

01977385

CODEN:

OCNSDK

Documenttype:

Conferencearticle（CA）

Conferencename:

OceanEngineeringandtheEnvironment-ConferenceRecord.

Conferencelocation:

SanDiego,CA,USA

Conferencecode:

8324

Sponsor:

MarineTechnologySoc,Washington,DC,USA;IEEEOceanEngineeringSoc,NewYork,NY,USA

Publisher:

IEEE,NewYork,NY,USA

Abstract:

Overthepastfewyears,NOAA'sOceanPollutionDataandInformationNetwork,thorughtheCentralCoordinationandReferralOffice,hasplayedanincreasingroleindisseminatingmarinepollutiondataandinformationfromfederallysupportedprojects.Dataandinformationsystemsandfilesadaptedtopersonalcomputertechnologiesarebeingdevelopedtomeetinacost-effectivewaytheneedforimprovedmarinepollutionproducts.ThesesystemsarebasedprimarilyonasetofparametersthathaveevolvedasprimarydescriptorsconcerningmarinepollutionintereststhroughtheoperationofadatabaseknownastheNationalMarinePollutionInformationSystem.Availableandplannedsystemsandthetoolsusedtorespondtonetworkrequestsaredescribed,alongwithproductexamplesthatcouldresultfromatypicalrequest.Numberofreferences:

5

Mainheading:

SEAWATER

Controlledterms:

INFORMATIONRETRIEVALSYSTEMS-WATERPOLLUTIONUncontrolledterms:

OCEANPOLLUTIONDATAANDINFORMATIONNETWORKClassificationcode:

453WaterPollution-471MarineScienceandOceanography-723ComputerSoftware,DataHandlingandApplications-903InformationScience

Database:

Compendex

Compilationandindexingterms,Copyright2012ElsevierInc.

《ISI》

记录:

1

标题:

AStochasticApproachtoModelingofOilPollution.

作者:

HalukOrs1

ServerLeventYilmaz1yilmserv@boun.edu.tr

来源:

EnergySources;Jul2004,Vol.26Issue9,p879-884,6p,3Diagrams

文献类型:

Article

CopyrightofEnergySourcesisthepropertyofTaylor&FrancisLtdandits

contentmaynotbecopiedoremailedtomultiplesitesorpostedtoalistserv

withoutthecopyrightholder'sexpresswrittenpermission.However,usersmay

print,download,oremailarticlesforindividualuse.Thisabstractmaybe

abridged.Nowarrantyisgivenabouttheaccuracyofthecopy.Usersshould

refertotheoriginalpublishedversionofthematerialforthefullabstract.

（CopyrightappliestoallAbstracts.）

ISSN:

00908312

入藏编号:

13838464

UR:

此记录的持久性链接（永久链接）:

剪切和粘贴

href="">A

StochasticApproachtoModelingofOilPollution.

数据库:

AcademicSearchPremier

记录:

2

标题:

GreenShips:

KeepingOceansBlue.

作者:

Katsioloudis,PetrosJ.1,2pkatsiol@odu.edu

来源:

TechnologyTeacher;Feb2010,Vol.69Issue5,p5-9,5p

文献类型:

Article

NAICS/IndustryCodes483112DeepSeaPassengerTransportation

487210ScenicandSightseeingTransportation,Water

924110AdministrationofAirandWaterResourceandSolidWasteManagement

Programs

488330NavigationalServicestoShipping

488390OtherSupportActivitiesforWaterTransportation

488490OtherSupportActivitiesforRoadTransportation

全文字数:

2537

ISSN:

07463537

入藏编号:

47758683

UR:

此记录的持久性链接（永久链接）:

剪切和粘贴

href="">Green

Ships:

KeepingOceansBlue.

数据库:

AcademicSearchPremier

部分:

ResourcesinTechnology

GreenShips:

KeepingOceansBlue

Someoftoday'sshipscantransportmorethan5,000passengersandcrewandhavethecapacitytogeneratemorethan11milliongallonsofwastewatereveryday.Themarinetransportsectorcontributessignificantlytoairandwater

pollution,particularlyincoastalareas（Capaldoet.al.,1999）.Intheoceans,

thethreattomarinelifecomesinvariousforms,suchasoverexploitationandharvesting,dumpingofwaste,pollution,alienspecies,landreclamation,dredging,andglobalclimatechange（Beatley,1991）.

Cruiseships,forexample,arefloatingcitiesthatproduceenormousvolumesofcompletelyunregulatedorinadequatelyregulatedwaste（Schmidt,2000）.Consideringthefactthatsomeoftoday'sshipscantransportmorethan5,000passengersandcrewandhavethecapacitytogeneratemorethan11milliongallonsofwastewatereveryday,aswellascarrysignificantamountsofhazardouschemicalsfromonboardprinting,photoprocessing,anddrycleaningoperations,itiseasytoarguetheircontributiontoaglobalpollutionoftheenvironment（Schmidt,2000）.

Theworld'sshipsareprimarilypoweredbydieselenginesthatconsumelessfuelthanotherpropulsionsystemsandhavereplacedmostofthesteamturbinesystemsthatweredominantinthe1940s（Corbett&Fischbeck,1999）.Itisestimatedthat,annually,oceangoingshipsemit1.2-1.6millionmetrictonsofwaste（Corbett&Koehler,2003）.Recentstudieshaveshownanaverageof15%ofglobalnitrogenoxideand5%-8%ofglobalSulfideOxideemissionstobegeneratedbyoceangoingships（Corbettet.al.,2007）.AccordingtoareportpublishedbytheUnitedStatesGeneralAccountingOffice（GAO）,from1993to1998alone,cruiseshipswereinvolvedin87confirmedcasesofillegaldischargesofoil,garbage,andhazardouswastesintoUnitedStateswatersandhavepaidmorethan$30millioninfines（GAO,2000）.Inaparticularlydisturbingcase,RoyalCaribbeanCruises,Ltd.admittedtoroutinelydumpingwasteoilfromseveralofitsshipsanddeliberatelydumpinghazardouschemicalsfromphoto-processinglabs,dry-cleaningoperations,andprintshopsintoseveralU.S.harborsandcoastalareasoveraperiodofseveralyears.Afteranextensiveinvestigation,thecompanypledguiltytoatotalof21felonycounts

insixU.S.jurisdictions,andagreedtopayarecord$18millionincriminal

fines（Schmidt,2000）.

Acongressionalresearchreportindicatesthatcruiseshipscarryingseveralthousandpassengersandcrewhavebeencomparedto"floatingcities,"andthevolumeofwastesthattheyproduceiscomparablylarge,consistingofsewage;wastewaterfromsinks,showers,andgalleys（graywater）;hazardouswastes;solidwaste;oilybilgewater;ballastwater;andairpollution（Copeland,2008）.

Sewage

AccordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency（EPA）,vesselsewageismoreconcentratedthandomesticsewagebecausepeopleonvesselsuselessvolumeofwaterforsanitarypurposesthandopeopleonland（EPA,2000）.Thedischargeof

sewagefromvesselsintothewatercontributestothedegradationofthemarineenvironmentbyintroducingdisease-causingmicroorganismsandexcessivenutrients.Keckes（1983）indicatesthatsewageeffluents