碱基符号.docx

1、碱基符号碱基符号 生物信息学中常用的18个碱基字母字母碱基全称说明单碱基AAAdenine 腺嘌呤CCCytosine 胞嘧啶GGGuanine 鸟嘌呤IIIsosine 次黄嘌呤TTThymine 胸腺嘧啶UUUracil 尿嘧啶二碱基KG/TKeto 含酮基MA/CaMino 含氨基RA/GpuRine 嘌呤SG/CStrong pair 强配对WA/TWeak pair 弱配对YC/TpYrimidine 嘧啶三碱基BC/G/TNot A非ADA/G/TNot C非CHA/C/TNot G非GVA/C/GNot U (or T)非U(T)四碱基NA/C/G/TAny 任一碱基XA/C/G

2、/TUnknown 未知碱基氨基酸 名称Name简写密码子分子量残基A3A2ml/g丰度pIpKa亲水疏水侧链A丙氨酸alanineAlaGCX 89.09 71.08 88.61157487.556.0 0.45 0.5-CH3C半胱氨酸cystineCysTGM121.15103.14108.51356311.695.09.3 3.63-2.8-CH2SHD天冬氨酸asparic acidAspAAM132.12114.11117.71606194.525.413.31-7.4-CH2CONH2E谷氨酸glutamic acidGluGAP147.13129.12138.41906436.

3、3212.58-9.9-CH2CH2COO-F苯丙氨酸phenylalaninePheTTM165.19147.18189.92107744.075.5 3.152.5CH2(C6H5)G甘氨酸glycineGlyGGX 75.07 57.06 60.1 756326.846.0 0 0-HH组氨酸histidineHisCAM155.16137.15153.21956702.2412.62 0.5-CH2(C3N2H4)+I异亮氨酸isoluecineIleATM,ATA131.17113.17166.71758845.726.2 0.24 2.5-CH(CH3)CH2CH3K赖氨酸lysi

4、neLysAAP146.19128.18168.62007895.9311.91-4.2-(CH2)4NH3+L亮氨酸luecineLeuCTX,TTP131.17113.17166.71708859.336.0 0.111.8-CH2CH(CH3)2M蛋氨酸methionineMetATG149.21131.21162.91857452.355.810.4 3.871.3-(CH2)2SCH3N天冬酰胺asparagineAsnGAM133.10115.09111.11505795.304.512.07-0.2-CH2COO-P脯氨酸prolineProCCX115.13 97.12122.

5、71457584.926.3-3.3-(CH2)3-Q谷氨酰胺glutamineGlnCAP146.15128.14143.91806744.025.74.611.77-0.3-CH2CH2CONH2R精氨酸arginineArgCGX,AGP174.20156.20173.42256665.151222.31-11.2-(CH2)3CH(NH2)+NH2S丝氨酸serineSerTCX,AGM105.09 87.08 89.01156137.225.7 7.45-0.3-CH2OHT苏氨酸threonineThrACX119.12101.11116.11406895.746.5 7.270.

6、4-CH(OH)CH3V缬氨酸valineValGTX117.15 99.14140.01558476.526.0 0.401.5CH(CH3)2W色氨酸tryptophanTrpTGG204.23186.21227.82557341.25 8.283.4-CH2(C8N1H6)Y酪氨酸tyrosineTyrTAM181.19163.18193.62307123.199.7 8.502.3CH2(C6H4)OH注：密码子说明见碱基符号；A3和A2分别是埃为单位的体积和面积；ml/g为溶解1g所需水量；丰度为SwissProt蛋白质数据库中的氨基酸丰度。张闻制作2009.6希腊字母 24个希腊字

7、母的拼写、读音和含义GreekEnglishSpellReadChineseUsageAalphaalfa阿耳法1st, closest, best, letter, -rayBbetabeta贝塔2nd, -rayGgammagamma伽马3rd, -rayDdeltadelta德耳塔4th, -shape, variable incrementEepsilonepsilon艾普西隆5th, math small residueZzetazeta截塔6thHetaeta艾塔7th, math y substitutiveQthetaita西塔8th, math targetIiotaiota

8、约塔9th, fewKkappakappa卡帕10th, often replaced by c in EnglishLlambdalambda兰姆达11th, -particle, -phageMmumiu缪12th, 10-6, averageNnuniu纽13th, name unknown, error, speedXxiksi克赛14th, math x substitutiveOomicronomikron奥密克戎15thPpipai派16th, 3.1415926, chaosRrhorou柔17th ()Ssigmasigma西格马18th, standard deviatio

9、nTtautau套19th, T-shape, 300, timeUupsilonjupsilon衣普西隆20th ()Fphifai弗艾21thCchikhai忾22thYpsipsai普西23th, pseudoWomegaomiga欧米伽24th, end, all张闻制作2009.6生物分子的功能基团 中文英文基团举例备注烃基甲基methyl-CH3丙氨酸乙基ethyl-C2H5亮氨酸苯基phenyl-C6H5苯丙氨酸含氧基羟基(醇)hydroxyl (alcohol)-OH糖 丝氨酸 甘油酰基(酯)actyl (ester)-COO-脂类，乙酰胆碱羧基(酸)carboxyl-COO氨

10、基酸 脂肪酸 柠檬酸羰基(酮)carboxyl (ketone)-CO-丙酮酸醛aldehyde-CHO葡萄糖醚ether-O-乙醚酐anhydride-COOCO-碳酸酐含氮基氨基amino-NH2氨基酸碱性酰胺amido-CONH2谷氨酰胺胍guanidine-CN3H4精氨酸碱性咪唑imidazole-C3N2H3色氨酸 嘌呤含硫基巯基sulfhydryl-SH半胱氨酸还原性二硫键disulfide-SS-胱氨酸硫酯thioester-COS-乙酰辅酶A含磷基磷酸根phosphoryl-PO4H核苷酸激活作用磷酸酐phosphoanhydride-PO4PO3-ATP能量利用酰基磷酸ac

11、yl phosphate-COPO4H磷酸化蛋白化学元素周期表 化学元素周期表的原子序号、符号、原子量和生物含量1H氢1.0082He氦4.0033Li锂6.9414Be铍9.0125B硼10.816C碳12.0117N氮14.0078O氧15.9999F氟18.99810Ne氖20.18011Na钠22.99012Mg镁24.30513Al铝26.98214Si硅28.08615P磷30.97416S硫32.06517Cl氯35.45318Ar氩39.94819K钾39.09820Ca钙40.07821Sc钪44.95622Ti钛47.86723V钒50.94224Cr铬51.99625Mn

12、锰54.93826Fe铁55.84527Co钴58.93328Ni镍58.69329Cu铜63.54630Zn锌65.40931Ga镓69.72332Ge锗72.64033As砷74.92234Se硒78.96035Br溴79.90436Kr氪83.79837Rb铷85.46838Sr锶87.62039Y镱88.90640Zr锆91.22441Nb铌92.90642Mo钼95.94043Tc锝97.90744Ru钌101.07045Rh铑102.90646Pd钯106.42047Ag银107.86848Cd镉112.41149In铟114.81850Sn锡118.71051Sb锑121.760

13、52Te碲127.60053I碘126.90454Xe氙131.29355Cs铯132.90556Ba钡137.32757-71镧系72Hf铪178.49073Ta钽180.94874W钨183.84075Re铼186.20776Os锇190.23077Ir铱192.21778Pt铂195.07879Au金196.96780Hg汞200.59081Tl铊204.38382Pb铅207.19083Bi铋208.98084Po钋208.98085At砹209.99086Rn氡222.02087Fr钫223.02088Ra镭226.02589-103锕系104Rf卢261.110105Db杜262.

14、110106Sg喜263.120107Bh波264.12108Hs黑265.13109Mt麦266.13110Ds达(269)111Rg仑(272)112Uub(277)113Uut(278)114Uuq(289)115Uup(288)116Uuh(289)117118(293)57La镧138.90658Ce铈140.11659Pr镨140.90860Nd钕144.24061Pm钷144.91062Sm钐150.36363Eu铕151.96464Gd轨 157.25065Tb铽158.92566Dy镝162.50067Ho钬164.93068Er铒167.25969Tm丢168.93470Y

15、b镱173.04071Lu镥174.96789Ac锕227.02890Th钍232.03891Pa镤231.03692U铀238.02993Np镎237.04894Pu钚244.07095Am镅243.06096Cm锔247.07097Bk锫247.07098Cf锎251.08099Es锿252.080100Fm镄257.100101Md钔258.100102No锘259.100103Lr铹260.110注：绿生物宏量元素；淡绿生物常量元素；黄生物微量元素；淡蓝人造元素；原子量加括号不稳定元素。张闻制作2009.6人的分类地位 根据NCBI Taxonomy翻译的人的分类等级及旁类级别英文学名

16、中文学名同级生物类群1cellular organisms细胞生物病毒、类病毒2Eukaryota真核生物域细菌域、古生菌域3Fungi/Metazoa真菌/后生动物植物界、低等真核生物4Metazoa后生动物界真菌界、领鞭虫目5Eumetazoa真后生动物中生动物总门、扁盘动物门、海绵动物门6Bilateria两侧对称动物腔肠动物门、栉水母动物门7Coelomata体腔动物无体腔动物、假体腔动物8Deuterostomia后口动物原口动物9Chordata脊索动物门毛颚动物门、棘皮动物门、半索动物门、尾索动物门10Craniata有头动物亚门头索动物亚门、被囊动物亚门11Vertebrata

17、脊椎动物穿腭动物12Gnathostomata颚口动物总纲圆口动物13Teleostomi硬骨动物软骨鱼纲14Euteleostomi真硬骨动物假硬骨鱼15Sarcopterygii总鳍动物条鳍鱼纲16Tetrapoda四足动物腔棘鱼亚纲、肺鱼下纲17Amniota羊膜动物两栖纲18Mammalia哺乳纲蜥形动物19Theria兽原兽（卵生）20Eutheria真兽后兽（无胎盘）21Euarchontoglires真祖兽总目非洲兽总目、劳亚兽总目、异兽目22Primates灵长目飞狐猴目、啮齿动物、树鼩目23Haplorrhini干鼻猴亚目原猴亚目24Simiiformes简鼻猿下目跗猴下目2

18、5Catarrhini狭鼻猿子目阔鼻猿子目26Hominoidea人形总科长尾猴总科27Hominidae人形科长臂猿科28Homininae人形猿猩猩属29Homo 人属黑猩猩属、大猩猩属30Homo sapiens人（种）包含尼安德特人亚种张闻制作2009.6同位素 原子序号元素中文同位素1%同位素2%同位素3%同位素4%平均原子量1H氢1.0078399.98442.014100.01561.007946C碳12.0000098.892213.003351.107812.010707N氮14.0030799.633715.000110.366314.006708O氧15.9949199.

19、762816.999130.037217.999160.200015.999409F氟18.99840100.000018.9984011Na钠22.98977100.000022.9897712Mg镁23.9850478.992024.9858410.003025.9825911.005024.3050013Al铝26.98154100.000026.9815414Si硅27.9769392.229728.976494.683229.973773.087228.0855015P磷30.97376100.000030.9737616S硫31.9720795.018032.971460.7500

20、33.967874.215035.967080.017032.0650017Cl氯34.9688575.771036.9659024.229035.4530019K钾38.9637193.258139.964000.011740.961836.730239.0983020Ca钙39.9625996.941041.958620.647042.958770.135043.955482.086040.0780024Cr铬49.946054.345251.9405183.789552.940659.500653.938882.364751.9961025Mn锰54.93805100.000054.93

21、80526Fe铁53.939615.845055.9349491.754056.935402.119157.933280.281955.8450027Co钴58.93320100.000058.9332028Ni镍57.9353568.076959.9307926.223160.931061.139961.928353.634558.6934029Cu铜62.9296069.174064.9277930.826063.5460030Zn锌63.9291548.630065.9260427.900066.927134.100067.9248518.750065.3900033As砷74.92160100.000074.9216035Br溴78.9183450.686080.9162949.314079.9040047