知识汇总.docx

1、知识汇总 虚词：冠词（不定冠词、定冠词）介词、连词、感叹词人称物主自身相互疑问指示不定 词类 基数词序数词分数词 ) 实词：名词（数、格）代词（ ）数词（行为（及物，不及物）连系情态助 种类时态 （7种）语态 （主动、被动）语气 （陈述、祈使、虚拟）语气谓语形式)动词不定式（to + 动词原形）动名词 （动词+ing）分词 （现在分词、过去分词）达意非谓语形式 形容词（比较级）、副词（比较级）句子成分：主语 + 谓语 谓语（不及物动词）谓语（及物动词）谓语（连系动词） 宾语双宾语宾语+宾语补足语（复合宾语） + 主语+ 表语时态：一般现在时，现在进行时，一般将来时（包括be going to）

2、,一般过去时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时语态：（主动、被动）语气：（陈述、祈使、虚拟） 简单句 句子种类 并列句 名词性从句 宾语从句 复合句 （从句 定语从句 表语从句） 状语从句 主语从句陈述句 一般疑问句 特殊祈使句 选择感叹句 反意句子种类 自然语序 倒装初一上学期语法知识汇总目录1、hard/hardly2、与weekend有关的几个短语3、act家族4、health家族5、由un-构成的反意词6、be the same as/be different from7、how系列疑问词8、情态动词9、a piece of advice10、与way有关的几个短语11、与few,

3、little有关的四个短语12、until的用法13、sometimes系列词14、may be/maybe15、Teachers Day16、用现在进行时表示打算要做的事17、leave的用法18、every day/everyday19、What do you think of /How do you like 20、双宾语21、介词at, in, on表示时间时的用法22、介词后面用动词的动名词形式23、-ing与-ed系列形容词24、spend/pay/cost/take25、forget to do sth/forget doing sth26、finish, enjoy, mind

4、, practice, cant help后面的宾语27、get to/reach/arrive (in/at)28、It takes sb. some time to do sth.句型29、一日三餐前用或不用冠词的区别30、leave的用法31、by+交通工具32、worry about/be worried about33、could/would表示更委婉的请求34、too many/too much/much too35、other系列词。36、come over to37、have to/must38、表示建议的几种句型39、与nothing, anything, somebody等

5、不定代词有关的问题40、Lucy和Lily共有的房间41、look after/look for/look like42、感叹句43、or用法44、宾语补足语45、need/must的用法46、some/any47、“动词+副词”短语48、反意疑问句49、一般过去时50、一般将来时及be going to结构51、there be/have52、形容词，副词与表语、定语、宾语补足语及状语53、would like/want54、冠词55、名词的数56、介词57、bring/take58、Its time结构59、Messy/mess60、修饰语加“-”61、what表示职业62、ago的用法6

6、3、名词的格64、teach的用法65、speak/say/talk/tell1、区别hard (adj.) 难的；硬的 (adv.) 努力地/hardly (adv.) 几乎不2、区别on weekends在周末 /over the weekend整个周末/on weekdays在工作日3、指出这一单词家庭的不同角色：act (v.) 扮演；行动/active (adj.) 活跃的/actively (adv.) 活跃地/action (n.) 行动/actor (n.) 演员/actress (n.) 女演员。4、区别health (n.)健康/healthy (adj.) 健康的 /he

7、althily (adv.) 健康地5、翻译healthy健康的/unhealthy不健康的, happy高兴的/ unhappy不高兴的, kind和蔼的/unkind不友好的, usual平常的/unusual不寻常的6、be the same as与相同/be different from 与不同7、how often多久一次, how far多远距离, how soon多久以后, how long多长时间, how much多少（修饰不可数名词），多少钱, how many多少个（修饰可数名词）/how many times多少次 如：(1) How often do you go t

8、o the movies? -I go to the movies once a week.(2) She has five books. - How many books does she have?(3) How much rice is there in the bag? -There is a lot of rice in the bag.(4) - How soon will he come back? - In a month.(5) - How long is the Changjiang River? -Its about 6,300 kilometres long.(6) -

9、 How far is it from your home to school? -Its about 15 minutes walk.(7) How soon can you be ready? -In five minutes.(8) - How many times did you go to Beijing? -Oh, several times.用how many, how much填空：(9) How much bread do you eat for breakfast?(10) How many tomatoes are there on the plate?(11) How

10、many onions do you need?(12) How much is this bottle of sauce（酱油）? Two dollars（美元）a bottle.8、我们所学的情态动词有can, may, must, need, should等。情态动词后面跟动词原形。9、advice 是不可数名词，用英语说“一条建议”是 a piece of advice10、区别in this way以这种方式/in the way挡路/by the way顺便说（问）一下/in the way (that)以的方式/on ones way (to )在（去的）路上11、区别a few

11、（表示肯定，修饰可数名词）几个，一些/few（表示否定，修饰可数名词）几乎没有，很少/a little（表示肯定，修饰不可数名词）一点/little（表法否定，修饰不可数名词）几乎没有。12、until的用法：(1)“直到”until（只能和延续性动词连用）: He waited until his mother came back.他一直等到他妈妈回来.(2)“直到才not until: He didnt leave until the rain stopped.直到雨停他才离开.13、区别sometimes有时/ some times几次/ sometime（将来）某时/ some tim

12、e一段时间。如：(1) I will be a scientist sometime in the future. 我将来有一天会成为科学家的。(2) Sometimes he is late for school. 他有时上学迟到。(3) Lets wait for him for some time . 咱们等他等一段时间。(4) Please read the word some times . 请读几遍这个单词。14、may be是两个单词，maybe是一个单词。如：(1) Maybe she is ill. (2)She may be ill.（2）There may be 550

13、students in Grade 7 in our school. = Maybe there are 550 students in Grade 7 in our school.15、正确翻译“教师节”应该是 Teachers Day。16、举出“用现在进行时表示打算要做的事”的例子如：Hes leaving the first week in June and staying until September.17、leave的用法：区别leave离开某地/leave for离开某地到另一地方/leave for去某地。 如：(1) He is in Shenzhen now and to

14、morrow he is leaving for Beijing.(2) Tomorrow he is leaving Shenzhen for Beijing.18、区别every day每天/everyday (adj.) 日常的19、What do you think of ? = How do you like ? 表示“你觉得怎么样？”，如：What do you think of the weather here? = How do you like the weather here?20、仔细阅读语法知识树，了解什么是双宾语。注意如果是“为.”就用for sb，如果是“对”就用t

15、o sb，选择to/for填空：(1) give to (2)show to . (3)buy for. (4)tell to 21、介词at, in, on表示时间时的用法，at: 表示具体时间，几点几刻，如：at half past eight 在八点半 at that time在那时 at the moment = now 此刻 at that moment 在那一刻in: 表示(1)在一段时间里，如：in the morning/evening, in October, in 2005(2)从现在算起一段时间后，如：He will come back in three days.他三天

16、后将回来。 on: 表示在具体到某天或某天的上午、下午、晚上等。如：on Wednesday 在星期三on Tuesday morning 在星期二早上 on December 8, 2005 on the evening of December 8, 2005, on a rainy day 另外还要注意几个固定搭配：at Christmas, at noon/night/midday/midnight。22、只要介词后面就跟动词的动名词形式，如（下划线的为介词）：think about doing sth; think of doing sth; what about doing sth;

17、 Thank you for helping me. What do you think of going to Guilin? After working for a whole week, I often feel tired. (1)Im thinking of going (go) to his birthday party tonight.(2) He is good at swimming (swim).(3)I dont feel like eating (eat) anything.(4)Are you interested in going (go) to the show?

18、(5)What can you learn by watching (watch) the movies?(6) Im sorry for being (be) late.23、区别exciting令人激动的/excited激动的, surprising令人吃惊的/surprised吃惊的, frightening令人害怕的/frightened害怕的, interesting令人感兴趣的，有意思的/interested感兴趣的, boring令人厌烦的，枯燥的/bored厌烦的, disappointing令人失望的/ disappointed失望的，如：(1) Everyone was s

19、urprised when we heard(听到) the surprising news.(2) The book Harry Porter is very interesting and we are all interested in it.(3)Maths(数学) is boring . I am bored with it.(4) His exciting words (话) make us very excited .(5)My parents never feel disappointed with me because my grades are never disappoi

20、nting .(6)I am frightened to see the frightening film.24、选择spend/pay/cost/take的适当形式填空：(1) I will spend $4 on the book.(2) I spend half an hour (in) finishing my homework every day.(3) It takes me half an hour to finish my homework every day.(4) The book cost me $4. (5) I will pay $4 for the book.25、

21、区别forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事/forget doing sth忘记做过某事，如：(1) Dont forget to lock (lock) the door before you leave. 走之前别忘锁门。(2) I forgot posting (post) your letter last Sunday. 我忘了上星期天已经寄过你的信了。26、动词finish(完成), enjoy（喜欢）, mind（介意）, practice （练习）cant help（禁不住）等后面用动名词形式或名词作宾语。如：(1) He enjoys listening (liste

22、n) to music.(2) How soon will you finish writing (write) the letter?(3) -How can I improve my spoken English? -You have to practice speaking as much as you can.A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak(4)I couldnt help laughing when I saw his haircut(发式).A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed2

23、7、表示“到达某地”时，注意get to =reach =arrive in或at。另外arrive还可单独用，不跟地点，如：At last, the bus arrived. 如：(1) He got to London at 3 pm. (2) He arrived in London at 3 pm.(3) He reached London at 3 pm.28、It takes sb some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。29、一日三餐前一般不加冠词，但如果前面有修饰语时，可以加冠词。如：(1) I usually have supper at 7 p.m

24、. (2) I want a nice lunch. 30、仔细阅读同步学案Unit 4课文详解7，这里指出leave 的三种意思：（1）(v.)离开。（2）(v.) 把某物忘（落）在 He left his English book in the classroom. 他把英语书落在 教室里了。 （3）（n.）假期。 I ask for three days leave. 我请三天假。31、“by +交通工具”表示乘坐某种交通工具时，交通工具前不能加任何修饰语；而用其它介词时，要加冠词、物主代词等修饰语。 on foot 属于固定短语。如：(1) He goes to work on the

25、 train. = He goes to work by train. =He takes the train to work.(2) I go to school on foot. = I walk to school.32、worry about = be worried about，如： He worries about his English. = He is worried about his English.33、在Could/Would you come to my party?这句话中，could和would都不表示过去，只是表示语气与更加委婉客气。用could翻这句话：我能用

26、你的自行车吗？Could I use your bike?34、区别too many太多（修饰可数名词）/too much太多（修饰不可数名词）/much too实在太（修饰形容词或副词）。如：(1) too many people (2) too much water (3) much too tired35、仔细阅读下表，分清它们的区别:单数复数泛指another（另外一个）作定语作主语宾语other (people)others特指the other (另外那个)the other (people)the others选择它们填空:(1) Mary is here. Where are

27、all the others ?(2)John has two brothers. One is a teacher, the other is a worker.(3) Other people may think so.(4) Others may think so.(5)Would you like another apple?(6) In another two weeks, we will be on holiday.36、come over to表示“顺便来访”。37、区别have to 不得不，必须/must应该，必须。前者强调客观，后者强调主观。如：(1)I stay here

28、 for two hours. Its late. I must go now.(2)We must be strict with ourselves（严格要求自己）.(3)My brother has to work long hours every day in order to(为了) give me enough moneyfor school.(4)Im afraid I cant go there with you. I have to babysit my sister at home.(5)We must obey all the rules at school.38、在表示建

29、议时，有以下表达方法： Why not + 动词原形？= What about + 动名词？= How about + 动名词？= Lets + 动词原形. = Lets + 动词原形，shall we? = Shall we + 动词原形？ 如：Why not go (go) to Xiaomeisha? = What about going to Xiaomeisha?=Shall we go to Xiaomeisha?39、注意nothing = not anything ,还要注意修饰不定代词nothing, anything, something等的定语，必须放在nothing,

30、anything, something等的后面。如：(1) I can do nothing for him. = I can not do anything for him.(2) I have something important to tell you. A. something interesting B. interesting something40、翻译：Lucy和Lily共有的房间 Lucy and Lilys room41、区别look after 照顾/ look at看 / look for找 / look like看上去像42、感叹句专题讲解练习（一）：感叹句通常由what或how引导，由这两个词引导的感叹句结构是不一样的。请你记住这些结构：由what引导的结构是： what + a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词 （+ 主语 + 谓语）！例：What a beautiful flow