精简英国文学教案Week 2.docx

1、精简英国文学教案Week 2 Week 2目的：了解小说的基本知识。难点是如何理解小说的视角。重点是小说的人物和情节。Poetry is the honey of all flowers, the Quintessence of all sciences, the marrow of wit , and the very phrase of angels. 5. What is poetry? 看诗歌视频 Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. Poetry is imaginative literature writt

2、en in verse. Poetry is the art of representing human experiences. The Elements of Poetry 1). Imagery（意象）* Imagery is the senses the poem evokes in the reader. Imagery puts the reader in the poem. It helps the reader to “see” the poem.* The tools of imagery are* Senses : sound, sight, touch, smell, t

3、aste, and emotion.* Figurative language : metaphor, simile, personification, hyperbole, etc.Contrast Those Winter Sundays Those Winter SundaysSundays too my father got up earlyand put his clothes on in the blueblack cold,then with cracked hands that achedfrom labor in the weekday weather madebanked

4、fires(压火，堆积) blaze. No one ever thanked him.Id wake and hear the cold splintering, breaking.When the rooms were warm, hed call,and slowly I would rise and dress,fearing the chronic（长，恶劣） angers of that house,Speaking indifferently to him,who had driven out the coldand polished my good shoes as well.

5、What did I know, what did I know of loves austere and lonely offices? Robert Hayden In “Those Winter Sundays” Hayden has caused us to experience several senses. “Blueblack cold” certainly makes us feel how cold it was. When the fathers hands are described as “cracked hands that ached” we can feel th

6、e roughness. He describes the cold “splintering and breaking.” We can hear the trees and ice crack. And then the rooms “were warm” when the boy got up. We know how that feels on a cold day. When the boy fears “the chronic angers of that house” and when he speaks “indifferently to him” we know what e

7、motions the boy is feeling.Hayden has caused us to feel cold, cracked hands and warm rooms. We hear splintering and breaking and feel anger and indifference.These sensory details make the poem come alive to us and help us to feel what the boy felt on those winter Sundays.I feel that this poem is a p

8、oem about a father and sons relationship in life. The father was all the boy had, although the boy did not realize how important his father was to him. It makes you think that we should appreciate not only our fathers but or guardians who watch upon us.Man Remembering Childhood The speaker in Robert

9、 Haydens sonnet is a man looking back at his childhood; he dramatizes an event that made him realize that he had not treated as father with as much love and respect as the father deserved. But instead of allowing himself to wallow in guilt and self-recrimination, he offers a rhetorical question that

10、 puts his attitude in proper perspective: he just did know any better. If he had known better, he could have done better. And that is a useful attitude that we all need.First Stanza “Sundays too” The first line, “Sundays too my father got up early,” implies that the father did not sleep in because i

11、t was Sunday, but rather he continued his duty to his family. The father had to get dressed in the cold“blueblack cold” is such a marvelous description for bitter, biting cold of an unheated house on winter morningsbecause no one else would get up before the house was warm.The father had worked all

12、week in the cold weather, possibly outside, until his hands were “cracked,” and even though his hands ached, he made the fire to warm the house for his family. Another wonderful image that adds its magic to this nearly perfect sonnet is he “made / banked fires blaze.” The phrase “banked fires” refer

13、s to the piles of wood that were heaped to keep a low glow during the night to make starting the fire again easier in the morning.This kind of fresh language is what makes poetry so alluring; instead of merely reporting that the father got up early as usual and started the fire in the stove so his f

14、amily would be warm, the poet has fashioned a little drama filled with intriguing images that make us see and hear the events.The simple, literal line following these skillfully crafted images, delivers a blast: “No one ever thanked him.” The speaker has shown us a caring man who did so much for oth

15、ers, yet no one appreciated it.Second Stanza “the cold splintering, breaking” The speaker would lie in his warm bed listening while his father was rekindling the fire in the stove or fireplace to warm the house. He would hear “the cold splintering, breaking”another image that contributes to fabulous

16、 dramatic quality of this poem. Literally, the father was splintering the wood, but figuratively while almost literally to the child listening, it would sound as if the cold itself were breaking up. Then when the house was warm enough, the father would call his son to get up, and the son would reluc

17、tantly comply. He would “rise and dress.”The line, “fearing the chronic angers of that house,” is the line that requires some interpretive power. Some readers have been led astray by this line, thinking that the poem is about child abuse by a father. If the angers are literal and belong to people, t

18、hey not only refer to the father but to “that house,” meaning anyone else living the residence.Instead of assigning anger to people, however, one might argue that the angers belong to the house; perhaps the house has leaky, noisy pipes, broken windows, dilapidated furniture, rodent infestation, an a

19、busive landlord, or any number of dangerous things that might cause the occupants discomfort.It is this vague line that detracts from the perfection of this sonnet. This vagueness motivates critics to peer into the poets life for possibilities for meaning. While looking at the biography of poets can

20、 certainly enrich the poets work for readers, it is a flaw if the reader feels the biography a necessity in understanding any part of the work.Third Stanza “What did I Know?” One could read this question as an excuse: “I was just a kid, what did I know?” But the fact is he did not know, because he w

21、as a kid. We are all in that same situation. None of us understands the sacrifices our parents make for us while they are making them. And the strength of this repeated question is that it provides the accurate reason for our failure to recognize the love, service, and attention that parents offer t

22、o protect their children.That love should have “austere and lonely offices” escapes the awareness of children, because they do not have the insight and experience that adults who have served those offices have. The term “offices” might cause some confusion if one thinks only of business offices or r

23、ooms.Here the term refers to positions of authority and duty, especially those held in a sacred trust. The old adage that “it is lonely at the top” gives a sense of the meaning of the term. The poet could have used the term “duties,” but “offices” broadens the meaning to include the responsibilities

24、 of authorities, including parents.A Spiritual Poem The sonnet reaches heights of reason and feeling that are rare in poetry, especially poetry written in the twentieth-century and particularly in secular poetry. This poetry qualifies as a spiritual poem, and except for the line “fearing the chronic

25、 angers of that house,” reaches nearly spiritual perfection.For information about various forms of sonnets, please see American, Petrarchan, Shakespearean.The copyright of the article Haydens Those Winter Sundays in American Poetry is owned by Linda Sue Grimes. Permission to republish Haydens Those

26、Winter Sundays in print or online must be granted by the author in writing. Author: Robert E(arl) Hayden (1913-1980)Genre: poetryDate: 1962 Introduction Robert Hayden possessed amazing skill with language and the structure of the poem. Though he is perhaps best known for his poems that explore and e

27、xpress the African-American experience, from the days of slavery, to the Civil War, to that of his own time, poems like Middle Passage, or The Ballad of Nat Turner, he also wrote shorter, arguably more lyric poems that capture personal or religious moments. Those Winter Sundays, a poem about a son r

28、emembering his father, is an excellent example of one of these shorter poems as it displays Haydens incredible control of language and intricate understanding of human experience. It is clear that there was distance between them and little communication or even warmth. It is discovered though, in re

29、collection, that love actually was present. It was just communicated subtly in the fathers effort, specifically by building fires in the early morning that drove out the cold. The poem seems to be a lament of the fact that the son, who at the time could not perceive such subtle expressions of love,

30、never returned them. Though subjects and speakers of poems do not necessarily correlate with the poet who writes them, it is interesting to note that Hayden was not actually raised by his real mother and father, but by their neighbors to whom he was given at the age of eighteen months.Explication Li

31、nes 1-2: The poem begins with a very simple line that nonetheless establishes the subject and the tone of what will follow. The title has already suggested the quiet cold of winter Sundays and this first line adds to it the notion of the early morning. The speakers father is also introduced which le

32、ads one to believe that he will figure centrally in the poem. The simple action of the man getting up and dressing is sharpened as an image by the use of the interesting and striking adjective blueblack, which describes a darkness that will soon be contrasted by the image of fire. This beginning might also be seen to suggest something of the fathers character as well, as he is up before daybreak, and is the one to confront the cold darkness of the home. Lines 3-5: