精简英国文学教案Week 2.docx

精简英国文学教案Week 2.docx

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精简英国文学教案Week2

Week2

目的：

了解小说的基本知识。

难点是如何理解小说的视角。

重点是小说的人物和情节。

Poetryisthehoneyofallflowers,theQuintessenceofallsciences,themarrowofwit,andtheveryphraseofangels.

5.Whatispoetry?

看诗歌视频Poetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings.Poetryisimaginativeliteraturewritteninverse.Poetryistheartofrepresentinghumanexperiences.

TheElementsofPoetry1）.

Imagery（意象）

*Imageryisthesensesthepoemevokesinthereader.Imageryputsthereaderinthepoem.Ithelpsthereaderto“see”thepoem.

*Thetoolsofimageryare

*Senses:

sound,sight,touch,smell,taste,andemotion.

*Figurativelanguage:

metaphor,simile,personification,hyperbole,etc.

ContrastThoseWinterSundays

ThoseWinterSundays

Sundaystoomyfathergotupearly

andputhisclothesonintheblueblackcold,

thenwithcrackedhandsthatached

fromlaborintheweekdayweathermade

bankedfires（压火，堆积）blaze.Nooneeverthankedhim.

I’dwakeandhearthecoldsplintering,breaking.

Whentheroomswerewarm,he’dcall,

andslowlyIwouldriseanddress,

fearingthechronic（长，恶劣）angersofthathouse,

Speakingindifferentlytohim,

whohaddrivenoutthecold

andpolishedmygoodshoesaswell.

WhatdidIknow,whatdidIknow

oflove’saustereandlonelyoffices?

RobertHayden

In“ThoseWinterSundays”Haydenhascausedustoexperienceseveralsenses.“…[B]lueblackcold”certainlymakesusfeelhowcolditwas.Whenthefather’shandsaredescribedas“crackedhandsthatached”wecanfeeltheroughness.Hedescribesthecold“splinteringandbreaking.”Wecanhearthetreesandicecrack.Andthentherooms“werewarm”whentheboygotup.Weknowhowthatfeelsonacoldday.Whentheboyfears“thechronicangersofthathouse”andwhenhespeaks“indifferentlytohim”weknowwhatemotionstheboyisfeeling.

Haydenhascausedustofeelcold,crackedhandsandwarmrooms.Wehearsplinteringandbreakingandfeelangerandindifference.

ThesesensorydetailsmakethepoemcomealivetousandhelpustofeelwhattheboyfeltonthosewinterSundays.

Ifeelthatthispoemisapoemaboutafatherandsonsrelationshipinlife.Thefatherwasalltheboyhad,althoughtheboydidnotrealizehowimportanthisfatherwastohim.Itmakesyouthinkthatweshouldappreciatenotonlyourfathersbutorguardianswhowatchuponus.ManRememberingChildhood

ThespeakerinRobertHayden’ssonnetisamanlookingbackathischildhood;hedramatizesaneventthatmadehimrealizethathehadnottreatedasfatherwithasmuchloveandrespectasthefatherdeserved.Butinsteadofallowinghimselftowallowinguiltandself-recrimination,heoffersarhetoricalquestionthatputshisattitudeinproperperspective:

hejustdidknowanybetter.Ifhehadknownbetter,hecouldhavedonebetter.Andthatisausefulattitudethatweallneed.

FirstStanza–“Sundaystoo”

Thefirstline,“Sundaystoomyfathergotupearly,”impliesthatthefatherdidnotsleepinbecauseitwasSunday,butratherhecontinuedhisdutytohisfamily.Thefatherhadtogetdressedinthecold—“blueblackcold”issuchamarvelousdescriptionforbitter,bitingcoldofanunheatedhouseonwintermornings—becausenooneelsewouldgetupbeforethehousewaswarm.

Thefatherhadworkedallweekinthecoldweather,possiblyoutside,untilhishandswere“cracked,”andeventhoughhishandsached,hemadethefiretowarmthehouseforhisfamily.Anotherwonderfulimagethataddsitsmagictothisnearlyperfectsonnetis[he]“made/bankedfiresblaze.”Thephrase“bankedfires”referstothepilesofwoodthatwereheapedtokeepalowglowduringthenighttomakestartingthefireagaineasierinthemorning.

Thiskindoffreshlanguageiswhatmakespoetrysoalluring;insteadofmerelyreportingthatthefathergotupearlyasusualandstartedthefireinthestovesohisfamilywouldbewarm,thepoethasfashionedalittledramafilledwithintriguingimagesthatmakeusseeandheartheevents.

Thesimple,literallinefollowingtheseskillfullycraftedimages,deliversablast:

“Nooneeverthankedhim.”Thespeakerhasshownusacaringmanwhodidsomuchforothers,yetnooneappreciatedit.SecondStanza–“thecoldsplintering,breaking”

Thespeakerwouldlieinhiswarmbedlisteningwhilehisfatherwasrekindlingthefireinthestoveorfireplacetowarmthehouse.Hewouldhear“thecoldsplintering,breaking”—anotherimagethatcontributestofabulousdramaticqualityofthispoem.Literally,thefatherwassplinteringthewood,butfigurativelywhilealmostliterallytothechildlistening,itwouldsoundasifthecolditselfwerebreakingup.Thenwhenthehousewaswarmenough,thefatherwouldcallhissontogetup,andthesonwouldreluctantlycomply.Hewould“riseanddress.”

Theline,“fearingthechronicangersofthathouse,”isthelinethatrequiressomeinterpretivepower.Somereadershavebeenledastraybythisline,thinkingthatthepoemisaboutchildabusebyafather.Iftheangersareliteralandbelongtopeople,theynotonlyrefertothefatherbutto“thathouse,”meaninganyoneelselivingtheresidence.

Insteadofassigningangertopeople,however,onemightarguethattheangersbelongtothehouse;perhapsthehousehasleaky,noisypipes,brokenwindows,dilapidatedfurniture,rodentinfestation,anabusivelandlord,oranynumberofdangerousthingsthatmightcausetheoccupantsdiscomfort.

Itisthisvaguelinethatdetractsfromtheperfectionofthissonnet.Thisvaguenessmotivatescriticstopeerintothepoet’slifeforpossibilitiesformeaning.Whilelookingatthebiographyofpoetscancertainlyenrichthepoet’sworkforreaders,itisaflawifthereaderfeelsthebiographyanecessityinunderstandinganypartofthework.

ThirdStanza–“WhatdidIKnow?

”

Onecouldreadthisquestionasanexcuse:

“Iwasjustakid,whatdidIknow?

”Butthefactishedidnotknow,becausehewasakid.Weareallinthatsamesituation.Noneofusunderstandsthesacrificesourparentsmakeforuswhiletheyaremakingthem.Andthestrengthofthisrepeatedquestionisthatitprovidestheaccuratereasonforourfailuretorecognizethelove,service,andattentionthatparentsoffertoprotecttheirchildren.

Thatloveshouldhave“austereandlonelyoffices”escapestheawarenessofchildren,becausetheydonothavetheinsightandexperiencethatadultswhohaveservedthoseofficeshave.Theterm“offices”mightcausesomeconfusionifonethinksonlyofbusinessofficesorrooms.

Herethetermreferstopositionsofauthorityandduty,especiallythoseheldinasacredtrust.Theoldadagethat“itislonelyatthetop”givesasenseofthemeaningoftheterm.Thepoetcouldhaveusedtheterm“duties,”but“offices”broadensthemeaningtoincludetheresponsibilitiesofauthorities,includingparents.

ASpiritualPoem

Thesonnetreachesheightsofreasonandfeelingthatarerareinpoetry,especiallypoetrywritteninthetwentieth-centuryandparticularlyinsecularpoetry.Thispoetryqualifiesasaspiritualpoem,andexceptfortheline“fearingthechronicangersofthathouse,”reachesnearlyspiritualperfection.

Forinformationaboutvariousformsofsonnets,pleaseseeAmerican,Petrarchan,Shakespearean.

ThecopyrightofthearticleHayden’s‘ThoseWinterSundays’inAmericanPoetryisownedbyLindaSueGrimes.PermissiontorepublishHayden’s‘ThoseWinterSundays’inprintoronlinemustbegrantedbytheauthorinwriting.

Author:

RobertE（arl）Hayden（1913-1980）

Genre:

poetry

Date:

1962

Introduction

RobertHaydenpossessedamazingskillwithlanguageandthestructureofthepoem.ThoughheisperhapsbestknownforhispoemsthatexploreandexpresstheAfrican-Americanexperience,fromthedaysofslavery,totheCivilWar,tothatofhisowntime,poemslikeMiddlePassage,orTheBalladofNatTurner,healsowroteshorter,arguablymorelyricpoemsthatcapturepersonalorreligiousmoments."ThoseWinterSundays,"apoemaboutasonrememberinghisfather,isanexcellentexampleofoneoftheseshorterpoemsasitdisplaysHayden'sincrediblecontroloflanguageandintricateunderstandingofhumanexperience.Itisclearthattherewasdistancebetweenthemandlittlecommunicationorevenwarmth.Itisdiscoveredthough,inrecollection,thatloveactuallywaspresent.Itwasjustcommunicatedsubtlyinthefather'seffort,specificallybybuildingfiresintheearlymorningthat"dr[ove]outthecold."Thepoemseemstobealamentofthefactthattheson,whoatthetimecouldnotperceivesuchsubtleexpressionsoflove,neverreturnedthem.Thoughsubjectsandspeakersofpoemsdonotnecessarilycorrelatewiththepoetwhowritesthem,itisinterestingtonotethatHaydenwasnotactuallyraisedbyhisrealmotherandfather,butbytheirneighborstowhomhewasgivenattheageofeighteenmonths.

Explication

Lines1-2:

Thepoembeginswithaverysimplelinethatnonethelessestablishesthesubjectandthetoneofwhatwillfollow.Thetitlehasalreadysuggestedthequietcoldof"winterSundays"andthisfirstlineaddstoitthenotionoftheearlymorning.Thespeaker'sfatherisalsointroducedwhichleadsonetobelievethathewillfigurecentrallyinthepoem.Thesimpleactionofthemangettingupanddressingissharpenedasanimagebytheuseoftheinterestingandstrikingadjective"blueblack,"whichdescribesadarknessthatwillsoonbecontrastedbytheimageoffire.Thisbeginningmightalsobeseentosuggestsomethingofthefather'scharacteraswell,asheisupbeforedaybreak,andistheonetoconfrontthecolddarknessofthehome.

Lines3-5: