八年级上册英语语法总复习.docx

1、八年级上册英语语法总复习八年级上册英语语法汇总1) 英语中的“单数”1.主语的第三人称单数形式,即可用“he, she, it”代替的. he, she, it ,my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Marys uncle 2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。 man单数-men复数 banana单数-bananas复数3.动词有原形,第三人称单数形式,-ing分词,过去式,过去分词。 go-goes-going-went-gone work-works-working-worked-worked watch-watches-watching-wa

2、tched-watched当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式e.g. The boy wants to be a sales assistant. Our English teacher is from the US. Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself. 2) 什么是助动词1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词.被协助的动词称作主要动词.助动词自身没有词义不可单独使用 e.g. He doesnt like English. doesnt是助动词,无词义 like是主要动词,有词义2.助动词协

3、助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来a. 表示时态 e.g. He is singing. e.g. He has got married. b. 表示语态 e.g. He was sent to England. c. 构成疑问句e.g. Do you like college life?e.g. Did you study English before you came here? d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句 e.g. I dont like him. e. 加强语气 e.g. Do come to the party tomorrow evening. e.g.He did kn

4、ow that. 3.最常用的助动词: be, have, do, shall, will, should, would3) 不定冠词a与an的使用1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前.e.g. There is a b in the word book. 单词book中有个字母b。类似的字母还有c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。e.g. She has a small knife. 她有一把小刀。2.an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。e.g. There is an i in the word onion. 单词onion中有个字母i。 类似的字母还有

5、a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。e.g. Do you have an umbrella? 你有一把雨伞吗 3.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用an,以辅音字母开头的单词前面也不一定都用a。a useful book a universe a one-letter word an hour an uncle an umbrella an honest person 4) leave的用法1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”e.g. When did you leave Shanghai?2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”eg. Next F

6、riday, Alice is leaving for London. 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地” e.g. Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?4. Leave sth. in/ at sp. 把某物遗忘在某地 e.g. I left my bag in the classroom.5) 情态动词should“应该” should作为情态动词用 常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等 有“竟会”的意思 e.g. How should I know? Why should you be so late today? sho

7、uld有时表示应当做或发生的事e.g. We should help each other. 我们在使用时要注意以下几点 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈e.g.You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。 e.g. You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服 你最好去看医生。3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。e.g. We should arrive by supper ti

8、me. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。e.g. She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。6) What.? 与 Which.?1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词 都可以指人或事物 但是what仅用来询问职业。 e.g.What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的= What does your father do? =What is your fathers job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。-Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特 -The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。2. What.泛指

9、所指的事物没有范围的限制,而 Which.特指,所指的事物有范围的限制e.g.What color do you like best? 所有颜色 e.g.Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? 有特定的范围 3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。 e.g.Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国 7)频度副词的位置1.常见的频度副词有以下这些 always总是 usually通常 often常常 sometimes有时候 seldom/hardly ever n

10、ever2.频度副词的位置 a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。e.g. David is often arrives late for school. b.放在行为动词前。 e.g.We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调。Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.3.never放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装。e.g. Never have I been there. 8) every day 与 everyday 1. every day 作

11、状语 译为“每一天”。 e.g. We go to school at 7:10 every day. e.g. I decide to read English every day.2. everyday 作定语 译为“日常的”。 e.g. She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. e.g. Whats your everyday activity? 你的日常活动是什么 9) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do1.forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做) forget doing

12、忘记做过某事。 (已做) e.g. The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. (没有做关灯的动作) e.g. He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作) e.g. Dont forget to come tomorrow.别忘了明天来。(to come动作未做)典型例题- The light in the office is still on.- Oh,I forgot_.A. turning it off B. turn it off C.

13、to turn it off D. having turned it off 2.remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)e.g. Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。e.g. Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗? 10) Its for sb.和 Its of sb.1.for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特点,形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, interes

14、ting, impossible等e.g. Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2.of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德。形容词good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right等e.g. Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。3.for 与of 的辨别方法 用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语造个句子。如果道理上通顺,用of;不通则用for. e.g. You are nice. (通顺 所以应用of)。e.

15、g. He is hard. (人是困难的 不通 因此应用for。)11) so、such与不定冠词的使用1.so与不定冠词a、an连用 结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。e.g. He is so funny a boy.e.g. Jim has so big a house. 2.such与不定冠词a、an连用 结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”. e.g. It is such a nice day. e.g. That was such an interesting story.3. so.that.& such. that. 译为：如此.以至于. E.g. He is

16、such a lovely baby that we all love him.E.g. He is so lovely that we all love him.12) 使用-ing分词的几种情况1.在进行时态中. e.g. He is watching TV in the room. e.g. They were dancing at nine oclock last night.2.在there be结构中. e.g. There is a boy swimming in the river.3.在have fun/problems结构中. e.g. We have fun learni

17、ng English this term. e.g. They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.4.在介词后面。e.g. Thanks for helping me.e.g. Are you good at playing basketball. 5.做伴随状语e.g. She entered the room , dancing and singing. 6.在以下结构中 enjoy doing sth 乐于做某事 finish doing sth 完成做某事feel like doing sth 想要做某事 stop doin

18、g sth 停止做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 go on doing sth继续做某事remember doing sth 记得做过某事 like doing sth 喜欢做某事keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事 miss doing sth 错过做某事find/see/hear/watch sb doing sth 发现/看到/听到/观看某人做某事try doing sth 试图做某事 need doing sth需要做某事prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事 mind doing sth介意做某事practice doing sth 练习

19、做某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事cant help doing sth 禁不住做某事13) 名词的复数构成的几种形式 名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。 I 名词复数的规则变化 1.一般在名词词尾加-s。 pear-pears hamburger-hamburgers desk-desks tree-trees 2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词,词尾加-es。 class-classes dish-dishes watch-watches box-boxes 3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词,有生命的词尾加-es，无生命的加-s. potato

20、-potatoes tomato-tomatoes photo-photos hero-heroes 4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词 将-y变为-i,再加-es。如 family-families dictionary-dictionaries city-cities country-countries 5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词,将-f或-fe变为-v再加-es。 half-halves leaf-leaves thief-thieves knife-knives self-selves wife-wives life-lives wolf-wolves shelf-shelves l

21、oaf-loaves但是scarf-scarves(fes) roof-roofs gulf-gulfs chief-chiefs proof-proofs belief-beliefs II 名词复数的不规则变化 1.将-oo改为-ee。e.g. foot-feet tooth-teeth 2.将-man改为-men。e.g. man-men woman-women policeman-policemen postman-postmen3.添加词尾。e.g. child-children 4.单复数同形。e.g. sheep-sheep deer-deer fish-fish people-

22、people5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。即“中日瑞不变英法变,其它国把-s加后面”。Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Swiss-Swiss Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen American-Americans Australian-AustraliansCanadian-Canadians Korean-Koreans Russian-Russians Indian-Indians6.其它。mouse-mice apple tree-apple trees man teacher-men teache

23、rs 14) 肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词1.some变为any。e.g. There are some birds in the tree. There arent any birds in the tree.但是若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中some可以不变。e.g. Would you like some orange juice?与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。2.and变为or。e.g. I have a knife and a ruler. I dont have a knife or a ruler.3.a lot of (

24、=lots of)变为many或much。e.g. They have a lot of friends.可数名词 They dont have many friends. There is lots of orange in the bottle.不可数名词 There isnt much orange in the bottle.4.already变为yet。e.g. I have been there already. I havent been there yet.15)in与afterin 与 after 都可以表示时间,但二者有所区别。1.in 经常用于将来时的句子中,以现在为起点

25、,表示将来一段时间。e.g. He will leave for Beijing in a week.一周后他会动身去北京。2.after 经常用于过去时的句子中,以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间e.g. He left for Beijing after a week. 一周后他动身去了北京。不过,如果after后跟的是具体的时刻,它也可用于将来时。e.g. We will finish the work after ten oclock. 十点后我们会完成工作的。 3.注意区分以下的in的用法。 e.g. Ill visit him in a week. 一周后我会去拜访他。e.g. Ill

26、 visit him twice in a week. 一周内我会去拜访他两次。16)如何表达英语中的“穿、戴” 英语中表示“穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种,常见的有以下这些1、put on 主要表达“穿”的动作。e.g. He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。e.g. Youd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的状态。e.g. The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。 The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。3

27、、dress 可作及物动词 有“给.穿衣”的意思 后接“人”,而不是“衣服”。e.g. Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。 dress 也可作不及物动词,表示衣着的习惯e.g. The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。4、be in +颜色：表示穿着的状态。e.g. John is in white today. 约翰今天穿白色的衣服。e.g. The man in black is a football coach.17) a little, a few 与 a bit (of

28、) “一些、少量”1. a little 意为“一些、少量”,后接不可数名词。e.g. There is a little water in the bottle. 还可以接形容词. e.g. He is a little shy.2. a few 意为“一些、少数”,后接复数的可数名词。e.g. There are a few people in the room. 3. a bit 意为“一点儿”,后接形容词。e.g. Its a bit cold. a bit of 后接不可数名词。 e.g. He has a bit of money. 4. a little表肯定意义,little表

29、否定意义,a few表肯定意义,few表否定意义。e.g. There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一点儿汽水。 e.g. There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有汽水了。e.g. I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中国朋友。 e.g. Few people like him. 几乎没有人喜欢他。5. a little = a bit of后接不可数名词a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of后接形容词,意为“有点儿”18) 关于li

30、ke的用法like 可以作动词,也可以作介词。1. like 作动词,表示一般性的“爱好、喜欢”e.g. Do you like the color? like 后可接不定式like to do sth; 也可接动词的-ing分词e.g. She likes eating apples. She likes to eat an apple. like与would连用,后接不定式,表示愿望或客气的请求e.g. Would you like a cup of tea?“喜欢某人做某事”可以用结构“like sb to do sth/doing sth”。e.g. They all like me to sing/singing English songs.他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。2. like 作介词 可译成“像.”e.g. She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们友好 就像母亲一样。It looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。3. 区分以下句子 A. What does he look like? B. What is he like? A句译为“他长相如何”,指一个人的外貌特征,而B句译为“他人怎么样”指人的性格特点。19)stop to d